初一升初二語(yǔ)法小結(jié) 練習(xí)

名詞的數(shù)：表示可以計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加“a或an"；復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加”?s或?es”。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化及其讀音可依照下表：當(dāng)名詞為：詞尾變化讀音例詞一般情況加s在清輔音后讀/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o結(jié)尾的單詞加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去y變i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞去f或fe變v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th結(jié)尾的詞加s/dz/;/0z/mouths,paths;months,deaths.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化①改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母eg.man—men,woman-women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice②單復(fù)數(shù)同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,...③由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，每個(gè)名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)eg.amandoctor-mendoctors,awomanteacher-womenteachers注意：有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分，在使用時(shí)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名詞從形式上看是復(fù)數(shù),實(shí)際上是單數(shù)（其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)）.eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news.不可數(shù)名詞：表示不能計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。他們前面不能用a/an,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都屬于不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式，但有其特殊用法：同一個(gè)詞，變成復(fù)數(shù)形式，意義不同。eg.food食物--foods各種食物，time時(shí)間一times時(shí)代，green綠色一greens青菜有些不可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)代指具體的事物eg.hope■一hopes希望hardship-hardships艱苦物質(zhì)名詞在表示數(shù)量時(shí),常用某個(gè)量詞+of來(lái)表示eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,...三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系，有兩種表示形式，一種是在名詞后+'s；另一種是用of,表示“……的”。.(1)一般詞的所有格,直接在詞尾+'s。eg.Mr.Mott'srobot,children'sclothes(2)以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格只在詞尾+'eg.teachers'books(3)兩人共有的物體，則在第二個(gè)名詞后+飛；如果分別是兩人所有，則在每個(gè)名詞后面+飛。eg.LucyandLily'sroom.(指兩人共住一個(gè)房間)Mrs.Green'sandMrs.Brown'sson.(指兩人各自的兒子)(4)表示某具體場(chǎng)所時(shí)，所有格后面的名詞可省略eg.thedoctor's(office)Mr.White's.(1)沒(méi)有生命的事物一般用of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系。eg.thewalloftheclassroom,apictureofthebedroom,(2)名詞的的定語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，有生命的事物也可用of短語(yǔ)表示。eg.alongstoryofa5O-year-oldman雙重所有格eg.afriendofhis,thebignoseofTom's有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的東西的名詞，也可以加飛來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。eg.tenminutes,walk,today'snewspaper例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories解析：much是用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的，ABD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，C項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞，因此選C.Ihavetwoandthreebottlesofhere.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges解析：orange有兩種含義，一種可數(shù)名詞橘子，另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁，此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞，第二空填不可數(shù)名詞，因此選CoEveryeveningMr.Kingtakesatohishome.A.25minutes'walkB.25minute'swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk解析：句中的minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式，只+，,而不能+s,因此選A。Anoldwantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson解析：person與people都有"人”的意思,但用法不同.“一個(gè)人”用“aperson”,“兩個(gè)人"用"twopersons";people泛指“人們”是集合名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù),thepeople指“人民”,apeople指“一個(gè)民族”.應(yīng)選B。Helpyourselfto.A.chickensandapples B.chickensandappleC.chickenandapple D.chickenandapples解析：chicken可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞，用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉;appie為可數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)+s,因此選D。Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo.A.room'snumberB.rooms'numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms'numbers解析：roomnumber房間號(hào)碼.room可直接用作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞.類似的還有myphsicsteacher,twobusdrivers等.應(yīng)選CoShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room解析：family指的是家庭或是家庭成員；house指的是房子（住所）；room指的是房間;而home指的是家，因此選C.motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter's B.MaryandPeterC.Mary'sandPeter D.Mary'sandPeter's解析：此句中“mothers”是復(fù)數(shù)，表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親，因此應(yīng)選D。LiLeihasbeentomanytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle'sC.herunclesD.aunt's解析：此句意為“李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次表示具體場(chǎng)所時(shí)，可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選BoHeisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn'tinteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience解析：experience作“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，作“經(jīng)歷”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞.本句中應(yīng)理解為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,因此是不可數(shù)名詞，排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句，不用于否定句，因此選B。Aclassmateofwasheretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister's解析：此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選D。Agroupofaretalkingwithtwo.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.GermansfrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen解析：Frenchman是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchmen;German的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+S,應(yīng)選A.Theteamhavingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be解析：team是一個(gè)集合名詞，即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義（指整個(gè)小組）,也可指小組中的成員（表示復(fù)數(shù)），此題意為后者，因此選Bo“WouldyoulikeV",please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink.CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析：drink和coffee是不可數(shù)名詞，可以用…of來(lái)表示數(shù)量，eg,threecupsofcoffee,當(dāng)前面加a時(shí),則表示“一杯？因此選C。TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby,butalsothefleshandbloodof men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions解析：earth是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除BD,數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的應(yīng)為millionsof.因此選Ao練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！選擇最佳答案：Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.Thewereill,butnowerelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life…Thisisaphotoofwhentheywereyoung.—OK,howh叩pytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfathersC.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymotherThenewstudentisin,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.ThreeclassTodayisSeptember10th.It'sDay.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers*C.theTeachers*D.Teacher'sThemarketisn'tfarfromhere.Ifsonlybicycleride.A.halfanhours*B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf…Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcofleC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.TwocupsofcoffeesDuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor.A.fiinB.wishesC.interestD.thanksSomeareflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childsAftertheexam,wellhaveholiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek'sTheyarethosebags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'―Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?■一Therearetwo.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof—WhatdoyouthinkofthetheMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?■—Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animalThereisnotenoughinthecomerforthefridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.groundcomesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.MilkIfyoudon*ttakemore,you'llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exerciseMyschoolisabouttwentywalkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes*C.minutes'sD.minutesMum,Ihavetotellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnewsWhichisthetothepostoffice?A.streetB.wayC.roadD.addressIstayedatlastSunday.A.myunclesB.myuncles'C.myuncle'sD.myuncle'sfamilyMathsnoteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.amD.were1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBCB代詞的用法人稱代詞：人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我”“你”“他”“我們”“你們““他們請(qǐng)看下表：數(shù)格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱wemeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞主格在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：SheismyEnglishteacher.it賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如:Theydon'twantmetogotherealone.Don'tworry.Icanlookafterher.賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語(yǔ)中。例如：?一Who'that?—It'sme.注意：①人稱代詞we,you,they可以用來(lái)表示一般人。例如：Youcannotgointothehallwithslippers.不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。②人稱代的主格作表語(yǔ)，…般都在正中的談話中，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：Itwashewhotookawaythenecklace.是他拿走了那條項(xiàng)鏈。③人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國(guó)、大地、月亮、輪船等。例如：Theshipisleaving.She'sonherfirsttriptoBoston.輪船要起航了。這時(shí)她第一次去波士頓。Weloveourcountry,wehopeshe'llbestrongerandstronger.我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó),我們希望她越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。④It作為人稱代詞時(shí)，可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等。例如：Itisabout10kilometresfromhere.離這兒大約有10公里。⑤It還可用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，來(lái)代替由不定式，動(dòng)詞的?ing,形式或主語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如：ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Itisgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.Ifounditdifficulttosleep.⑥英語(yǔ)里當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是并列的幾個(gè)人時(shí)，人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語(yǔ)不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，當(dāng)受到批評(píng)或時(shí)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You,heandIareallthewinners.Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject.2.物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。詞義類型我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他/她/它們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語(yǔ)，后面跟名詞。例如：Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.(2)名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中作主Thecarandstoppedattheredtrafficlight.A.gotonB.gotoffC.sloweddownD.pickedupTomtheCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad…Doyouknow?…Sorry,butifheback,Iyouknowassoonaspossible.A.whenwillhebeback,comes,willletB.whenhewillbeback,willcome,willletC.whattimewillhebeback,willcome,letD.whattimehewillbeback,comes,willletWetotheparkifitisfinetomorrow.A.willgoB.havegoneC.goAnewshoefactorywillinthispartofthecity.A.bebuildingB.bebuiltC.build?--allyourthings,Tom!Ihatethemhereandthere.…Ok,Mom.A.PutupB.PutonC.PutdownD.Putaway-??Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend?■--Sorry,Ipreferratherthan.A.tostayathome,gooutB.togoout,stayathomeC.stayingathome,gooutD.goingout,stayathome解析：1.根據(jù)問(wèn)句的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，答句時(shí)態(tài)要一致，故選答案：A.根據(jù)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ask的固定搭配asksbtodosth.故答案：D.根據(jù)第一句的固定動(dòng)詞詞組catchupwithsb及第二句的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選答案：B.此題主要考查四個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組的掌握.根據(jù)后半句在紅燈時(shí)停下來(lái)，故選答案：C.此題主要考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的延續(xù)和非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)fbrtwoweeks時(shí)間短語(yǔ)。故選答案：C.此題主要考查賓語(yǔ)叢句和狀語(yǔ)叢句的習(xí)慣用法。第一句是特殊疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)叢句，要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。第二句是if條件句。叢句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選答案：B.此題考查if條件句的主句時(shí)態(tài)，要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故選答案；A.此題考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)全句的意思，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選答案：B.此題考查四個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組put叩，張貼，舉起；puton穿上，上演：putaway把收拾好。根據(jù)后半句“我討厭到處亂放”，故選答案：D.此題主要考查一個(gè)固定詞組：prefertodosthratherthandosth.故選答案：C.練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！一、選擇最佳答案填空（動(dòng)詞及搭配）：Apolicemansawtwothievesagirfsmobilephoneonthebusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolenTheChinesepingpongplayerswilljoininthematch.Lefsthemsuccess.wishB.towishC.hopeD.tohopeHeissocarelessthathealwayshisschoolthingsathome.forgetsB.forgotC.leavesD.left--Whothecomputer?Iwanttouseit.Timmy.Heitfbraweek.borrowed,hasborrowedB.hasborrowed,boughtC.hasborrowed,haskeptD.bought,hasborrowedLook!Oneofthegirlsthedoor.cleansB.iscleaningC.cleanD.arecleaningIfyoudon'tfeelwell,youmayjust.stoppedreadingB.stopreadingC.stoppedtoreadD.stoptoread--Wherecanwegetabaseball?Lefs.A.lendJimoneB.lendonetoJimC.borrowonefromJimD.borrowoneofJim--Mymodelshipdoesn'twork.Don'tworry,rilhaveitthisafternoon.A.repairingB.madeC.repairedD.mendYouwashyourhandsbeforemeals.A.needB.mustC.canD.mayWillyouthelight?It'sdarkintheroom.getonB.getoffC.trunonD.tumoffMynameisZhangMingjian.YoumaymeZhangMingjianorMrZhang.A.askB.sayC.tellD.callThereisgoingtoagameinourschoolthisafternoon.hasB.haveC.beD.areYou'dbettersmoking.It'sbadforyourhealth.eatupB.giveupC.comeupD.getup——Howdoyoulikethisbook?--?-1thinkithasnothingtowithourstudy.A.makeB.doC.takeD.holdWhereisMrBrown?Ihavesomequestionstoaskhim.--Hetheoffice.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hasgonetoD.hasgoneinThebuskeptthepeoplefbrtwentyminutes.A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waits1believethescientistswillabetterwaytohealthedisease.A.getonwithB.comeupwithC.goonwithD.catchupwith--一Whydoyouoftenthispinkblouse?-■■-Becauseitfitsmewell.A.putonB.wearC.buyD.tryonJackalwaysrunsfasterthanPeter,butthistimehehim.A.wentoverB.fellbehindC.putoffD.droppedoffTheInternetiteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.A.findsB.makesC.feels D.takes參考答案：1-5BACCB6—10BCCBC11-15DCBBC16—20CBBBB二、選擇最佳答案填空（動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)）：Weoutbythattimethatheathieffbralongtime.A.hadfound,hadbeen B.hadfound,was

C.found,hadbeenD.C.found,hadbeenD.found,wasItsohappenedthattheythenovelbefore.A.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.readShefornearlytwohours.A.kepttalkingB.kepttotalkC.haskepttalkingD.kepttotalkingSpringafterwinter.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.hadcome5.—Ihearsomenoiseinthenextroom.-Oh,yes.Yoursisterthere.A.criesB.iscryingC.criedD.wascryingAllthestudentstoplanttreesandthere,snobodyintheclassroom.A.goB.willgoC.havegoneD.woundgoStop!Alittleboythestreet.A.iscrossingB.crossesC.crossedD.hascrossedThegirltomilksincelastwinter.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.wouldlearnWhattoyouthismorning?A.happensB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappened—Theoldmanlookshealthy.—Yes.Hesomerunningafterhegetsup.A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdoShedidn'tpasstheexamsbecausesheherlessonswell.A.wasn'tprepared B.wasn'tbeenpreparedC.hadn'tprepared D.waspreparingThisstoryinafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago.A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.happenedD.hasbeenhappened—MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.—Really?Forwhat?—Theoldmanthenoiseinthecity.A.ishatingB.hatesC.washatingD.hashatedHisfatherfbraweek.A.diedB.willdieC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendeadMymotherisill.Istayathomeandlookafterher.A.hastoB.mustC.wouldD.havetoDoyouknowtheFrenchman?--Yes.Ihimfbrtwoyears.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.havebeenknownTheyalltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.spendB.hadspentC.havespentD.willspendGreatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupB.havetakenplace,havebeensetupC.havetakenplace,havesetupD.weretakenplace,weresetup…WhendidKate'sgrandmadie?-Whilethedoctorsonher.A.areoperatingB.wereoperatingC.operateD.operated…Whoareyoulookingfor?…MrWhite.--Waitherefbrawhile.Theclassmeetingoverinhalfanhour.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeenIfshe'snotathome,youtrytelephoningherattheoffice.A.willB.couldC.wouldD.needAllthenewwordsupinthedictionaryyet.A.havelookedB.haven'tlookedC.havebeenlookedD.haven'tbeenlookeddon'twanttospeaktoher,butI.A.doB.havetoC.havetospeakD.musttoHurryup,oryouthetrain.A.missB.loseC.willmissD.willloseThcnewlibrarynextweek.A.,willbuildB.willbebuiltC.wouldbuildD.wouldbebuilt一Where'sMabel?一Shepingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.playedD.hadplayedQuiteafewtallbuildingsthelasttwoyears.A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putupMan-made-satellitesintospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentupIallthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow?copyB.willcoupC.copiedD.havecopiedNobodyknewalivinginthatcountry.A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomake.Theoldmanneedsatmostfivehour'ssleepanight,butheforoversevenhourstonight.A.hasfallenasleepBhassleptChasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleepI'mreallygettingtoofat.Fromnowon,Imoreexerciseandeatlessfood.AhavedoneBdoCamdoingDwilldo.Youdon'tneedher.Iherforseveraltimes.Adescribe,hadmetBdescribe,meetCtodescribe,havemetDdescribe,met.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult.AinfollowingBfbrbeingfollowedCtofollowDtobefollowedby.Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindwayspeoplelifemore.A.tohelp,enjoyB.help,toenjoyC.help,enjoyingD.tobehelped,toenjoy.Whatdidyourclassteacheryoutoatthemeeting?A.tell,sayB.ask,speakC.tell,speakD.ask,talk.thebusuntilit.A.Getoff,stopsB.getoff,willstopC.Don'tgetoff,stopsD.Don'tgetoff,willstopThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghaiinthelasttenyears.A.hasraisedB.hasrisenC.hasbeenraisedD.hasbeenrisen39-WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?-Heacitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.hasdrivenB.droveC.drivesD.isdriving40.Hurryup!Theplayfbrtenminutes.A.hadbegunB.beganC.hasbeenonD.hasbegun1-5CAAAB6-10CACCC11-15CCBCD16-20BCBBB21-25ADBCB26-30AACDD31-35BDCCA36-40ACBBC一、數(shù)詞的分類1.基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下：A.從1——10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.B.從11——19eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.這里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式夕卜，fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。C.從21——99整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外，sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí)，在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連一處“?21twenty-one76seventy-sixD.百位數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and.101ahundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eightE.千位數(shù)以上從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)從右開(kāi)始，第一個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加thousand,第二個(gè)“，”前面的數(shù)字后添加million,第三個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加billiono然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandsixty-four5,237,166,234fivebillion,twohundredandthirty-sevenmillion,onehundredandsixty-sixthousand,twohundredandthirty-fourF.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí)，不能使用百、千、百萬(wàn)、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬(wàn)，三三兩兩時(shí)，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。Therearehundredsofpeopleinthehall.大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人。ThousandsandthousandsofpeoplecometovisittheMuseumofQinTerra-CottaWarriorsandHorseseveryday.每天有成千上萬(wàn)的人來(lái)參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。Theywenttothetheatreintwosandthrees.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋?lái)到了劇院。G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties.他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授。Shediedoflungcancerinforties.她四卜來(lái)歲時(shí)死于肺癌。Itwasinthe1960s.那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。Thetwohappilyopenedthebox.兩個(gè)人高興地打開(kāi)了盒子。（作主語(yǔ)）Ineedthreealtogether.我總共需要三個(gè)。（作賓語(yǔ)）Fourstudentsareplayingvolleyballoutside.四個(gè)學(xué)生在外面打排球。（作定語(yǔ)）Wearesixteen.我們是16個(gè)人。（作表語(yǔ)）Theythreetriedtofinishthetaskbeforesunset.他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。（作同位語(yǔ)）2.序數(shù)詞表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式：A.從第一至第十九其中，one-first,two-second,three-third,five—fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth為特殊形式，其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如：six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth.B.從第二十至第九十九整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty twentieththirty thirtieth表示第幾十幾時(shí)，用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“一”和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first,fifty-sixth第五十六seventy-third第七十三ninety-ninth第九十九C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來(lái)表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二--?onethousand,threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十D.序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式有時(shí)，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫(xiě)形式來(lái)表示。主要縮寫(xiě)形式有。first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thsixth 6thtwentieth 20thtwenty-third 23rd其中1st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。用法一、時(shí)刻表示法.表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o/'clock5:00讀作fiveo/'clock或five.表示幾點(diǎn)過(guò)兒分，在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí)fivepastseven七點(diǎn)過(guò)五分halfpastsix六點(diǎn)半aquarterpasteight八點(diǎn)過(guò)一亥Usevenpasteight八點(diǎn)過(guò)七分3.表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分，在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí)tentoeight差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)aquartertotwelve差一刻十二點(diǎn)(H^一點(diǎn)四十五分)twentytosix差二十分六點(diǎn)(五點(diǎn)四十分)在日常生活中，常用下列簡(jiǎn)單方法表示時(shí)間。以小時(shí)、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作sixthirty-one10:26讀作tentwenty-six14:03讀作fourteenothree16:15讀作sixteenfifteen18:30讀作eighteenthirty23:55讀作twenty-threefifty-five注：時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法，這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。二、年月表示法.世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示，也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加/'s表示thesixth(6th)century公元六世紀(jì)theeighteenth(18th)century公元卜八世紀(jì)the1900/'s二十世紀(jì)the1600/'s十七世紀(jì)這里，用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個(gè)世紀(jì)。.年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成inthe1930/'s(inthethirtiesofthetwentiethcentury或inthenineteenthirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代inthe1860/'s(inthesixtiesofthe19thcentury或intheeighteensixties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代Inthe1870/'swhenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國(guó)的形勢(shì)很重要，便開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)俄語(yǔ)。.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠詞后，年代前添加early,mid-,lateintheearly1920/'s在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期inthemid-1950/'s在二十世紀(jì)五卜年代中期.年月日表示法A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示，一般寫(xiě)為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，讀時(shí)可以以hundred為單位，也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來(lái)讀。1949讀作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nine1800讀作eighteenhundred253讀作twohundredandfifty-three或twofifty-three1902讀作nineteenhundredandtwonineteenotwo表示在哪一年，一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,使用year時(shí)，year放在數(shù)詞之前。intheyeartwofifty-threeB.C.在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。B.月份，在口那個(gè)月用介詞in加第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)的月份詞及示。例如：inMay在五月；inJuly在七月。為了簡(jiǎn)便起見(jiàn)，月份與日期連用時(shí)，月份常用縮寫(xiě)形式表示?？s寫(xiě)形式除May,June,July外，其它的月份都由其前三個(gè)字母表示，但September除外。January Jan.一月February Feb.二月March——Mar.三月April——Apr.四月August Aug.八月September Sept.九月October Oct.十月November Nov.H--?月December Dec.十二月注：這里縮寫(xiě)形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略，因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫(xiě)形式的符號(hào)。C.日期用定冠詞the加序數(shù)詞表示。在哪一天要添加介詞on。NationalDayisonOct.1.國(guó)慶節(jié)是十月一日。（讀作Octoberfirst）此句也可以表示為NationalDayisonthe1stofOctober.May5五月五日（讀作Mayfifth）也可以表示為thefifth（5th）ofMayMar.1（st）三月-日（讀作Marchfirst或thefirstofMarch）.表示不具體、不確切的時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份時(shí)，用介詞in表示，表示具體確切的某一天用介詞on表示通常情況bmorning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是，當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語(yǔ)，把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時(shí)，介詞in應(yīng)改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、定語(yǔ)從句等。Onacoldmorning,theoldmandiedlonelyinhishouse.在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨，這個(gè)老人孤獨(dú)地死在自己的房子里。Idon/'twanttobedisturbedonnightswhenIhavetostudy.我不愿意在我必須學(xué)習(xí)的晚上被打擾。TheaccidenthappenedontheafternoonofJuly7.這次事故發(fā)生在7月7日下午。WearetohaveasmalltestonMondaymorning.星期一早晨我們將進(jìn)行一次小測(cè)驗(yàn)。一、寫(xiě)出下列數(shù)字的序數(shù)詞：1,2,3,5,9,12,20,34二、寫(xiě)出1—12月份：三、選擇填空：1.Couldyoutellushowtoreadthenumber18,306,211?A.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousands,twohundredelevenB.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousand,twohundredandelevenC.eighteenmillions,threehundredsixthousands,twohundredsandeleven0.eighteenthousand,threehundredandsix,twohundredeleven2.Shakespearewasbornin。A.1660s 6.166018C.the1660sD.the1660183.Billsaidtheyweregoingtohaveholiday。A.atwo-weeks5B.atwo-weekC.twoweeks*D.twoweeks4.0verofthearticlesoneducationhavebeenpublishedoA.twothirdsB.twothirdC.secondsthree0.secondsthird.Myfatherlefthomeatabout_。A.sixthirtyB.thirtysixC.thirtytosixD.sixpastthirty.Weallthinkthatthecenturywillbringusmorehopes0A.twenty-firstB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-oneD.twentieth-one. Whafsyourroomnumber?——IfSoA.The601RoomB.601RoomC.TheRoom601D.Room601.thestudentsusuallysurfontheInternetandgetinformation0A.60percentsofB.60percentC.60percentofD.60percents.Severalnewbooksweresoldoutlastweek。A.ofthousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandW.Whichisright?A.2009,June25B.25thJune,2009C.June25,2009D.June25st,200911.Tomorrowismybirthday。A.sixteen B.sixteenthC.thesixteenthD.thesixteen12.Wehavestayedatthisschoolfor?Whichfollowingchoiceiswrong?A.twoandahalfyearsB.twoyearsandahalfC.twoyearsandhalfayearD.bothAandB四、寫(xiě)出下列正確形式：1o九年級(jí)2班2.第7排3.515房間4。在二層樓5.2009年2月14日6.50公里長(zhǎng)的大橋7o在第46頁(yè)8。第一中學(xué)9。四分之三10.49參考答案——、first,second,third,fifth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,thirty-fourth二、January,February,March,April,May,June.July,August,September,October,November,December三、1.B。讀數(shù)字時(shí)要先從右邊開(kāi)始確定出數(shù)位，右邊開(kāi)始數(shù)第三位要讀thousand,再往前數(shù)三位讀million,接著往前再數(shù)三位就是billion；hundred,thousand,million和billion都是數(shù)詞不加s,百位和十位之間讀時(shí)要加and；如果十位是0,也讀and。.Do英語(yǔ)表示“……世紀(jì)……年代”時(shí)應(yīng)為：“inthe+年代's”，如：在二十世紀(jì)八十年代=inthe1980's,表示從1980—1989這期間的10年；如果是in1980=在1980年，一年的時(shí)間。.B。holiday是個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，所以前面不能丟了冠詞；形容詞放在aholiday的中間，這個(gè)形容詞由數(shù)詞和名詞復(fù)合而成，復(fù)合后名詞不能加s,two-week——“兩周的”。.A。分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成：分子是基數(shù)詞，分母是序數(shù)詞；分子大于一，分母加s。.A,觀察選項(xiàng)，理解句意，就可只要選擇“6：30”這個(gè)時(shí)間的正確表達(dá)形式。有兩種：halfpastsix和sixthirty。.A。世紀(jì)的表示法："inthe+序數(shù)詞+century”。21的序數(shù)詞是基數(shù)詞twenty后加first..Do房間號(hào)的表達(dá)屬于專有名詞類，也不用冠詞，所以首字母要大些，號(hào)碼用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表達(dá)。第幾排也是同樣的表達(dá)方法，如：第5排=口。川5。.C。百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法："基數(shù)詞+percent+of”。不給percent加s。.Doseveral表達(dá)有三四個(gè)那樣的基數(shù)詞，thousand是數(shù)詞時(shí)，前面有基數(shù)詞，它本身也不加s；thousand是名詞時(shí)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)thousandsof,這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的前面不用基數(shù)詞。.C,年月日的表達(dá)法：“月份+日期，年代”，日期寫(xiě)序數(shù)詞或基數(shù)詞都可，一般都習(xí)慣寫(xiě)基數(shù)詞，但讀時(shí)要讀成序數(shù)詞。.B?表某人幾歲的生日的方法："one's+序數(shù)詞+birthday”12.C,幾個(gè)半的表示法有兩種：“基數(shù)詞+單位名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）+andahalf"“基數(shù)詞+andahalf+單位名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）”本題是找出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的答案。四、1.Class2.Grade9Row7Room515onthesecondfloorFebruary14,2009a50-kilometre-longbridgeonPage46/onthe46thpageNo.1MiddleSchoolthreequarters10.forty-nine使用定冠詞的15種情況：.表示特定的或上文提到過(guò)的人或物例:Haveyoueverbeentothecitybefore?（你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)那個(gè)城市嗎？）.指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物例：thesun（太陽(yáng)）.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前面例：thehottestnight（炎熱的夜晚）.用在表示方向、方位的名詞前例：theright（右邊）.用在江河湖海、山脈、群島前例：theHimalayas（喜馬拉雅山）.用在某些形容詞前表示一類人例：thewounded（傷員）.用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞前例：thepiano（鋼琴）.與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物例：Thehorseisausefulanimal.（馬是有用的動(dòng)物）.用在發(fā)明物之前例：thecompass（指南針）.用在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，表示年代例：inthe1990's（在20世紀(jì)90年代）.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示某家人例：theBlacks（布萊克一家）.用在單位名詞前例：measurebythemetre（用米來(lái)衡量）.用在身體的部位前例：catchsb.bythearm（抓住胳膊）.用在某些專有名詞前例:theUnitedNations（聯(lián)合國(guó)）.用在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中例：bytheway（順便說(shuō)）介詞1.at,inon的用法表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如：atsixo'clock,atnoon,atmidnighto表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用in。例如：intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用on。例如：onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。(2)、at,in,onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.infrontof,inthefrontof3,oinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)。例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.4in,afterin與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思，后面跟表示?段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如：Hew川bebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro'clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.連詞并列連詞用來(lái)連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and,both...and,notonly...butalso,neither…nor等。(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or,either...orWo(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,while等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for,so等。從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。常見(jiàn)的從屬連詞有：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的此unless等。(3)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的sothat,so...that,such…that等。(4)弓|導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的than,as…as等。(5)引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that,if,whether等。詞形變化專項(xiàng)練習(xí)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(it)acat.Andtheseare(it)food.Give(they)to (it).(we)mustfollow(she).(Who)isthisskateboard?It's(he)(not)kicktheball.(who)mirrorisit?Isit(your)?heusuallyhaveapartyatweekendsNo,he.(do)MissLi(have)alongholidaythegirllike(sit)quietlyYes,shedoes.you(play)theviolinNo,Ican't.(who)combisthisIl's(she),Ithink.Helenlike(swim)youoftenflyakiteNo,we.(did) yourbrotherandyou(have)anyquestions?/沒(méi)有東西canstopusfromlearningEnglishwell.(final).theoldmothercried.(eat)toomuchisbadforyourhealth.isthefourthdayofaweek.(smoke)isbadforyourhealth.(notdraw)onthewall.(notdraw)onthewall.Anumberofstudentsalways(study)hard.Atortoisehasfourlegs,butitmovesvery(慢).thegirl1ike(sit)quietly?Yes,shedoes.Afterheheartheresult,he(面露)asmileonhisface.Afterschoolhe(help)anoldman.Afterthediscussion,Amy(同意)withmyfutureplan.Al1kindsof(vegetable)aregoodforour(healthy)AllthepeopleinNanjingarevery(friend).Anndidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofher(ill)Areyou(comfort)orshallIturntheheatdownAssoonasIwentbed.Ifel1(sleep).Beijingisagoodplace(go)sightseeing.Calmdown.Takeiteasy.Don*tbe(緊張不安的).Canyouhelp(I)with(I)English? Canyouhelpmethedog? 1(feed)now.Mom.Canyouhelptom?Heneedssome(help).Didyoulike(milk)cows,Nancy?DopeopleusuallymooncakesatMid-autumnFestivalYes,theydo.DidyoumoomcakeslastMid-autumnFestivalYes,Idid.Ialotofdeliciousmoomcakes.(eat)Doyoufinish(read)thisstorybook?Doyouknowwho*sonmybunk(lie)Doyou1ikegoing(ride)?Don,tceachotherafterclass,itisverydan