(新高考)高考英語二輪提分秘籍專題二 七選五專項(xiàng)練一（說明文） (含詳解)

說明文專練一A(2021·淄博市高三聯(lián)考)Thinkingaboutasummerjobaftergraduation？Asmorepeoplecompeteforfeweropenings，you’llneedtodoyourresearch，writeagreatrsum(簡歷)andgetreadyfortheinterview.Tofindajobthatisrightforyou，makealistofyourinterestsandstrengths，aswellasyourdislikes，andkeeptheminmindasyoulookforajob.Forexample，ifyoulovebooksorwriting，ajobinabookstoreorlibrarymightbeperfectforyou.__1__Youmightnotknowdetailsabouttheposition，butyoucanpreparebyresearchingthecompanyitself.__2__Regardlessofthetypeofthejobyou’reapplyingfor，agreatrsumreallymakesyoustandout.Mostimportantly，presentthestrengthsinit.Itisaneffectivewaytohighlightyourstrongestskillsandencouragethehiringmanagertoreadmore.Havingajobexperienceinyourrsumincreasesthepossibilitytolandajobtoo.Ifnot，don’tworry—thereareplentyofotherthings，extracurricularorvoluntaryactivitiesyoucandotoimproveyourjobapplications.Makesuretheemailaddressandphonenumberincludedonyourapplication.__3__Whatdojobinterviewerslookfor？__4__Interviewerswanttohirecandidateswhoaresmart，whothinkquicklyandclearly，andwhocanexpressthemselvesandcommunicatewell.Dressthepart—yourappearancealsoaffectsyourchancesofgettingthejob.__5__Thatmeansnosandalsorjeans.Evenifyou’llbescoopingicecreambehindacounter，ithelpstolookprofessionalfortheinterview.A．Babysittingisingreatneednowadays.B．Agoodrsumisyourbestjob－h(huán)untingtool.C．Thesedetailswillbeusedtocontactyouaboutinterviews.D．Aprecisedescriptionofhobbiesinyourrsumiscrucial.E．It’snotjustthepreviousworkhistoryoruniqueskillsthatmatter.F．Whenyouheadoutforyourinterview，avoidlookingtoocasual.G．Butiflittlekidsdriveyoucrazy，ababysittingjobmaynotbeideal.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了找工作需要注意的幾個(gè)事項(xiàng)。1．G[考查上下文銜接。空前的“如果你熱愛閱讀或?qū)懽?，那么書店或圖書館的工作對(duì)你來說是完美的”是一個(gè)例子，用于說明找工作的時(shí)候你得明白自己的喜惡和優(yōu)劣勢(shì)，空后是“對(duì)于崗位的具體細(xì)節(jié)你可能知之甚少，但是你可以通過研究公司本身做好準(zhǔn)備”，因此空處應(yīng)該還是說明找工作時(shí)，你得明白自己的喜惡和優(yōu)劣勢(shì)，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。]2．B[考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)第一段中的“you’llneedtodoyourresearch，writeagreatrsum(簡歷)andgetreadyfortheinterview”和文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本段講到的是writeagreatrsum，再結(jié)合段落大意可知，B項(xiàng)適合作本段的主旨句。]3．C[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句“要記得把郵件地址和電話號(hào)碼寫進(jìn)你的申請(qǐng)信里”可知，C項(xiàng)“這些細(xì)節(jié)將會(huì)被用于聯(lián)系你面試”符合語境。]4．E[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪涫且粋€(gè)問句“面試官要找什么呢”，而空后一句“面試官想要的是聰明睿智、思維敏捷、善于自我表達(dá)和交流的候選人”是對(duì)該問題的正面回答，據(jù)此可知，空處講到的應(yīng)該也是對(duì)該問題的回答，綜合選項(xiàng)可知E項(xiàng)符合語境。]5．F[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到了“著裝得體——你的外表也會(huì)影響你得到工作的機(jī)會(huì)”，而空后一句“這就意味著不要穿拖鞋或牛仔褲”是對(duì)空前一句的具體闡釋，因此空處講到的應(yīng)該是著裝不要隨意，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。]B(2021·東北三省四市教研體一模)PrinciplesofDevelopingtheYouth’sLeadershipSkills—Lookforleadershippotentialineveryone.__1__．Noteveryonefeelscomfortablewhenleadingameetingorspeakingatanevent，buttheymaybeabletotalktoteachersaboutaprojectordraftalettertotheschoolorcommunitynewspaper.It’sworthwhiletothinkaboutallofthewaystheyouthcangetinvolvedin.—Taketimetogivethemmeaningfulfeedbackandbuildtheirself－confidence.Itcanbedifficulttofindtimetomeetwiththeyouthindividually，butitisimportant.Plantomeetregularlywithcoreleadersandbeonthelookoutforimpromptu(即興的)individualmeetings.__2__．Furtherplanscanbediscussedduringthemeetingsandtheyouthcanhavemorecourage.—Opportunitiesarewhentheyouthleadprojectsoractivities.Sometimesit’shardtotakeastepbackandplaythesupportiverole，butitistheonlywaytodevelopleadersauthentically(真正地)．Butsometimesyouaskayouthtotakeownershipofataskandthendecidetodoityourself.__3__．Whenleadersdonotcomethroughwithanassignment，it’simportanttoholdthemaccountable.Theyouthwillfeelaccomplishedafterworkinghardandgrowup.—__4__．Trainingcanbefacilitatedwithin－h(huán)ousestafforanoutsideresourceperson，sotheyouthfeelconfidentintheirknowledgeandskills.Astasksgetmoreadvanced，theleveloftrainingshouldprogressaswell.Atthesametime，youmustexaminetheskillsandassistanceyouprovidetothegrouptoensurethatexpectationsareclearandthatfollow－upstakeplacetoinquireaboutanyextrasupportneeded.__5__．A．ThatcanleaveanegativeimpactB．BuilduptheirconfidenceandcheerthemupC．OfferlotsoftrainingandclearguidanceD．ThinkofeveryyoungpersonassomeonewhopossessesleadershipabilityE．MakesureyoungpeoplehavetheguidanceneededtocompleteagreeduponactivitiesF．ThesecouldhappenwhilewalkingwithayouthtogetasnackbeforeorafterameetingG．Leadershipskillscanbeabsorbedinclassroomlearningthroughthebeliefinlearnedoptimism【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了培養(yǎng)年輕人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能的幾個(gè)原則，包括在每個(gè)人身上尋找領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能潛質(zhì)、提供大量培訓(xùn)和清晰的指導(dǎo)等。1．D[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該部分的標(biāo)題Lookforleadershippotentialineveryone.可知，D項(xiàng)(把每個(gè)年輕人都當(dāng)作擁有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的人)符合語境。]2．F[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)上文中的“beonthelookoutforimpromptu(即興的)individualmeetings”可推知答案為F，因?yàn)樵撨x項(xiàng)表述的是可能發(fā)生的與年輕人單獨(dú)會(huì)面的情景。F項(xiàng)中的“these”指代上文中的“impromptu(即興的)individualmeetings”。]3．A[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該部分標(biāo)題可知，該部分主要講讓年輕人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目或活動(dòng)，但空前一句講有時(shí)候你讓年輕人承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)又決定自己來做，結(jié)合該部分主旨可知，這樣做是不對(duì)的，應(yīng)該讓年輕人自己決定。故A項(xiàng)符合語境。]4．C[考查段落小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段中的“Trainingcanbefacilitated”“theleveloftraining”“assistance”“support”可知，本段主要涉及培訓(xùn)和指導(dǎo)，故答案為C。]5．E[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)上一句“Atthesametime，youmustexaminetheskillsandassistance...toinquireaboutanyextrasupportneeded.”可知此處說的是要給年輕人支持以及指導(dǎo)。所以E項(xiàng)符合語境?！盷C(2021·河南省高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Itmaybetempting(誘人的)totakethesummeroffandrelax，butlookingforajobwillgiveyouhelpfullifeskills.Findingajobmaybehard，butthesearchwillbeworthit.Jobsareoutthere.__1__，evenifyoudon’tlandthejobyouwant.·You’lldevelopyourinterviewskills.Themorejobsyouapplyfor，thebetteryou’llgetatinterviewing.Learningtointerviewwellisaskill.Itcanhelpyougetintocollegeandevenlandafull－timejob.·__2__．Youmaynotgetthefirstjobyouinterviewfor.Rejectionhappensinlifeanditcanbehardtohandle.Themorewefacerejection，theeasieritbecomestomoveforwardandbounceback.·You’lllearnsomethingaboutyourself.Ifyougetajobthatwasn’tyourfirstchoice，youmightdiscoveranewskillorinterest.Ifyouneedtosavemoney，youmaylearnthatcommitment(不得不做的事)isnecessarytoreachyourgoals.Whatifnothingworksout？__3__．·You’llpushthelimitsofyourcomfortzone.It’saloteasiertositathomedoingthesamethings.__4__．Experiencingnewthingscanmakeyoumoreproductiveandyoumightevenhavefun!__5__．Youhavenothingtoloseandalottogain.Andifyoudon’tgetajob，volunteer.Volunteeringisagreatwaytogainexperience.Itlooksfavorableonrsums(簡歷)forcollegeapplicationsorfuturejobs.Ifyouneedhelpinwritingarsumtoapplyforajob，searchonline.Anumberofwebsitesofferfreetips.A．PracticemakesperfectB．You’llfindabetterworldC．You’llgetbetteratdealingwithrejectionD．YoumaydecidetostartyourownbusinessE．You’llstillgaintheseskillsfromtheprocessF．Ifyou’rethinkingaboutasummerjob，applyG．Butjob－h(huán)untingcanpushyououtofyourcomfortzone【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。雖然找工作很難，但是即使你沒有找到心儀的工作，你也可以從中學(xué)到很多。1．E[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)逗號(hào)后的讓步狀語從句“即使你沒有得到你想要的工作”以及下文介紹的你可以在找工作的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的東西可知，E項(xiàng)符合語境。]2．C[考查段落主旨句。本段主要講的是應(yīng)對(duì)“Rejection”方面的收獲，故C項(xiàng)適合作本段的主旨句。]3．D[考查上下文銜接。本段主旨句講的是“你會(huì)對(duì)自己有所了解”，接下來作者列舉了兩種情況并提出問題“如果都不行怎么辦？”，故空處應(yīng)是對(duì)空前問題的回答，所以D項(xiàng)“你可能會(huì)決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè)”符合語境。]4．G[考查上下文銜接。本段主旨句講的是挑戰(zhàn)你舒適區(qū)的極限，根據(jù)空前一句“坐在家里做同樣的事情會(huì)很容易”可知，空處講的應(yīng)該是找工作會(huì)讓你走出舒適區(qū)，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。]5．F[考查上下文銜接?？蘸笠痪渲v了你沒有什么可以失去，還會(huì)得到很多，所以F項(xiàng)“如果你想要找一份暑期工作，去申請(qǐng)吧”符合語境。]D(2021·云南省第一次高中畢業(yè)生統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))STEMisaneducationcurriculumthatfocusesonthesubjectsofscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics.__1__．That’swhySTEMeducationprogramsarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Butwhatdotheseprogramsoffer？Willparticipationinthemreallymakeadifference？Herearesomeoftheiradvantages.·BuildupconfidenceDuringSTEMeducationactivities，studentslearninasafeenvironmentthatallowsthemtofailandtryagain.STEMeducationstressesthevalueoffailureasalearningexercise，whichwillhelpstudentstoembracemistakesaspartofthelearningprocess.Thisallowsstudentstobuildconfidence，enablingthemtokeepgoingwhenthegoinggetsrough.__2__．·EncourageexperimentationWithoutrisk－takingandexperimentation，manyofthetechnologicaladvancementsthathaveoccurredinthelastcoupleofdecadeswouldnotbepossible.Manyoftheseinnovations(新方法，新發(fā)明)werecreatedbypeoplewhoweretoldthattheirideaswouldn’tworkandtheirresponsewas，“Let’stryitandsee.”__3__．Byexperimentingandtakingrisksduringlearningactivitiesstudentscanformthisattitude.·__4__STEMeducationcanbetaughttostudentsofallabilitylevels.Studentsofvaryinglevelsofabilitycanworktogetherinteamstofindsolutionstoproblems，recorddata，writereports，givepresentations，etc.Theresultisstudentswhounderstandhowtocooperatewithothersanddevelopteamspirit.·Promotetechuse__5__．So，whenstudentscomeacrossnewtechnologies，theywillbepreparedtoacceptthem，insteadofbeinghesitantorfearful.Thiswillgivethemtheupperhandinthegloballandscape，astheworldisbecomingincreasinglytech－centered.A．InspireteamworkB．TeachessentiallifeskillsC．STEMeducationteachesstudentshowtosolveproblemsD．ThistypeofattitudecanbeencouragedwithSTEMlearningE．Afterall，failureispartoftheprocessthatfinallyleadstosuccessF．ThesesubjectsenablestudentstothinkcriticallyandcreativelyG．STEMlearningteacheskidsaboutthepoweroftechnologyandinnovation【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。STEM指的是科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)。文章介紹了參加STEM教育項(xiàng)目的好處，包括增強(qiáng)自信心、鼓勵(lì)嘗試等。1．F[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后一句可知，此處需要說明為何這些學(xué)科越來越受歡迎。F項(xiàng)適合此處，且F項(xiàng)中的“Thesesubjects”與空前一句中的“thesubjectsofscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics”相呼應(yīng)。]2．E[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要說明STEM教育能讓學(xué)生們正確對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤從而樹立自信心。E項(xiàng)有關(guān)鍵詞“failure”，且表述錯(cuò)誤是最終導(dǎo)致成功的過程的一部分，符合語境。]3．D[考查上下文銜接。由空前一句中的“theirresponsewas，‘Let’stryitandsee.’”可知，空前一句講了人們對(duì)于一些觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度，空后一句表述在學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中學(xué)生通過做實(shí)驗(yàn)和冒險(xiǎn)可以形成這個(gè)態(tài)度，故選項(xiàng)D(這種態(tài)度可以通過STEM學(xué)習(xí)來培養(yǎng))符合語境。]4．A[考查段落小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段最后一句“Theresult...developteamspirit.”可知，本段主要說明學(xué)習(xí)這些課程的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是激發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，故A項(xiàng)可作本段的小標(biāo)題。]5．G[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Promotetechuse以及空后一句“So，whenstudents...beinghesitantorfearful.”可知，此處應(yīng)為孩子們已準(zhǔn)備好接受新技術(shù)的原因，選項(xiàng)G(STEM學(xué)習(xí)教孩子們技術(shù)和革新的力量)符合語境。]E(2021·長春市高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)二)Doyouliketheideaofrunningyourownbusinessfromhome？Mostofyoudo，andthefirstthingsyousayyoulikeaboutitarebeingyourownboss，havingflexiblehoursandworkinginyourpajamas(睡衣)．__1__Beingyourownbossisdefinitelyonebigadvantage.__2__Youmustcommittoworkonyourbusinessregularlytomakeprofits.Ifnot，youwillfindthatyourincomebecomesnon－existent.So，setofficehourswhenyouproductivelyworkonbuildingyourbusiness.__3__Doctors’appointmentsandfamilycommitmentscansimplybeworkedintoyourschedule.Again，youneedtoarrangeyourappointmentscarefullyandtrytobookthemtogether.Thiswayyoucangetallofyourrunningarounddoneinoneday.Workinginyourpajamasmayseemappealinginitially.Butitcanalsopreventyoufromactuallygettingyourworkdone.__4__Afterthat，justwalkintoyourofficeandstartyourday’swork.Beingtoocasualmeansgettinglessworkdoneonaregularbasis.Inordertorunasuccessfulbusinessfromhomeyouneedtohaveagoodmindset.__5__Takingofftoomanyhourseachweekwilldamageyourfinancialstabilityandlong－termsuccess.Setgoalsandlimitsonyourtime.Buildyourbusinessfirst，beforetakingadvantageofwhatworkingfromhomeoffers.A．Butitcanalsobecomeyourdownfallwithoutcare.B．Flexiblehoursareanotherhugeplusofworkingfromhome.C．Onceit’sachieved，you’llhavemoreopportunitiestodevelopbusinesscontacts.D．Youmayfinditmoreefficienttogetup，exercise，thenshoweranddressforwork.E．Thisincludesrealizingthatonlyyouareresponsibleforyourownincome.F．Oneofthebiggestdrawbacksisthatitissoeasytoallowyourselftohaveexcuses.G．Whilethesebenefitssoundgreat，therealityofworkingfromhomecanbealittledifferent.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要告訴我們?cè)诩议_展自己的事業(yè)的好處和需要注意的事項(xiàng)。1．G[考查上下文銜接。空前一句提到在家開展自己的事業(yè)的三個(gè)好處，而下文一一分析了這三方面需要注意的事項(xiàng)，故G項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。]2．A[考查上下文銜接。該空前一句表述做自己的老板肯定是一大好處。下文說你必須有規(guī)律地投入工作否則會(huì)沒有收入，表述做自己的老板的壞處。前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。而A選項(xiàng)中的But表轉(zhuǎn)折，代入A項(xiàng)，符合語境。]3．B[考查理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。根據(jù)該段中的“yourschedule”“arrangeyourappointments”“inoneday”可知，該段主要講時(shí)間安排的問題，再根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第二段、第四段的內(nèi)容分別對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第二句中的“beingyourownboss”和“workinginyourpajamas(睡衣)，”故此處應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)第二個(gè)好處(havingflexiblehours)。故B項(xiàng)“彈性時(shí)間是在家工作的另一大優(yōu)勢(shì)”符合語境。]4．D[考查上下文銜接?？仗幥懊嬲f穿睡衣工作可能一開始看起來有吸引力，卻讓你無法把工作做完。而空處后面說在那之后，直接走進(jìn)工作室開始工作，該段最后一句總結(jié)說太過隨意意味著工作效率低下。故D項(xiàng)“你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)起床、鍛煉、洗澡和穿衣服上班更有效率”符合語境。]5．E[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪湔f為了在家開展成功的事業(yè)，你需要有好的思維模式，空處應(yīng)說明好的思維模式的具體內(nèi)容，故選項(xiàng)E“這包括意識(shí)到只有你對(duì)你自己的收入負(fù)責(zé)”符合語境。]說明文專練二A(2021·貴陽四校高三聯(lián)考二)TheValueofHonestyAccordingtoacommonsaying，“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”__1__Lyingoftenseemslikeagoodwaytoimpresspeopleoravoidblameformistakes.Somepeoplelieoutofhabit，withoutevenrealizingthey’redoingit.Butdespiteallthese，honestyreallyisworththeeffort.__2__There’salwaysachancethatthepersonyouliedtowillfindoutthetruth.Isthegainfromlyingreallyworththerisk？Liesarealsodifficulttohidebecausetheyarehardertorememberthanthetruth.Ifyoumakeupastory，youhavetorememberallthedetails.__3__Butifyoucommittotellingthetruth，youwillneverhavetroubleremembering.Thissavesyoueffortandmakesconversationslessstressfulforyou.Anotherobviousreasontoavoidlyingisthatlyingcanharmothers.__4__Andalieaboutsomeoneelsecoulddestroythatperson’sreputation.Onapersonallevel，ifyourfriendsfindoutyouliedtothem，theirfeelingswillbehurt.Ontheotherhand，ifyoualwaystellthetruth，youwilldevelopareputationforhonesty.__5__Businessdeals，friendshipsandfamilyrelationshipsalldependontrust.Honesty，however，doesn’tmeanthatyouhavetosayeverythingyouthink.Sometimesit’sbesttoremainsilentifyourwordsmighthurtsomeoneelse.Honestymeansthatwhenyouspeak，youtellthetruthwithoutholdinganyinformationback.Whenyoudothat，youwillfeelmorerelaxedandenjoystrongerrelationships.A．Behonestbecauseyouloveyourself.B．Butindailylife，honestycanbedifficult.C．Thiswillhelpyouineveryareaofyourlife.D．Whenyou’rehonest，youdon’tfeelsolostallthetime.E．Oneobviousreasonforhonestyisthatitisdifficulttokeeplying.F．Andthemoreliesyoutell，themorestoriesyouhavetoremember.G．Peoplewhobelieveyourliesmightmakebaddecisionsbecauseofthem.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要分析了誠實(shí)的價(jià)值。1．B[考查上下文銜接。空前一句提到誠實(shí)的好處，空后列舉了人們說謊的原因，由此可推知空處前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。]2．E[考查上下文銜接。本空是段首句，與下段首句中的“Anotherobviousreason”呼應(yīng)可推知，此處應(yīng)陳述要誠實(shí)的原因之一，所以選E項(xiàng)。]3．F[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句(如果你編造一個(gè)故事，你必須記住所有的細(xì)節(jié))可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(你說的謊越多，你要記住的故事就越多)承接上文，所以選F項(xiàng)。]4．G[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪涮岬秸f謊會(huì)傷害別人，空后講到關(guān)于別人的謊言會(huì)毀了那個(gè)人的聲譽(yù)，且根據(jù)空后一句中的“And”可知，空處講的也應(yīng)是謊言是如何對(duì)別人不利的，所以G項(xiàng)符合語境。]5．C[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后一句(商業(yè)交易，友誼和家庭關(guān)系都依賴于信任)可推知，空處表示誠實(shí)對(duì)生活大有禆益，所以選C項(xiàng)。]B(2021·唐山市二模)Haveyoueverbeenlabeleda“perfectionist”？Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone？It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.__1__Healthyperfectionistswanttodeveloptheirskillscontinually.Theirstandardsarealwaysrising，andtheyapproachtheirworkwithoptimism，pleasureandadesiretoimprove.Unhealthyperfectionists，however，areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.__2__Theymayexperiencefearoffailure，anxietyandotherpainfulemotions.__3__Accordingtothe2011research，perfectionismislinkedtohealthissuessuchaseatingdisordersanddepression.Perfectionismcanalsoseriouslyimpactyourcreativity.Thisisbecauseperfectionismcanpreventyoufromleavingyourcomfortzoneandtakingrisks.__4__Youmayavoidstartinganewprojectuntilyou’vefoundthebestwaytoapproachit.Youmightalsogetcaughtupinminordetailsorrepeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.Asaresult，thiswastestimethatcouldhavebeenspentonmoreimportanttasks.Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism，startbysettingrealisticgoals.Thinkaboutyourmostimportantlifeandcareergoals.__5__Notonlywillthismakeiteasiertoreachyourobjectives，butyou’llalsoexperiencethethrillofachievingthesesmallergoals.PerhapsTheodoreRooseveltsaiditbest—“Dowhatyoucan，withwhatyouhave，whereyouare.”Acceptthatthisisthebestyoucandoanddon’ttryandmakeupsomeperfectworld.A．Ifsomethingisn’tperfect，theyrefuseit.B．Perfectionismcanleadtoself－criticism，too.C．Perfectionismcandamageyourproductivity，too.D．Then，breakthemdownintomonthlyoryearlysteps.E．Infact，severeperfectionismcandomoreharmthangood.F．Theyshowthatyou’renotafraidtopushyourselfandtrynewthings.G．Whenperfectionismgetsoutofcontrol，itcanharmyouinmanyaspects.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了健康和不健康完美主義的不同、影響以及如何避免成為不健康的完美主義者。1．E[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)下文論述的健康和不健康的完美主義對(duì)人的情緒、健康等影響可知，空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句，引入本文的話題，承上啟下，故E項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，嚴(yán)重的完美主義弊大于利”符合語境。]2．A[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空處前的“Unhealthyperfectionists，however，areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.”可知，不健康的完美主義者從不滿足于他們的成就。故A項(xiàng)“如果什么東西是不完美的，他們會(huì)拒絕”符合語境。]3．G[考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和段落大意可知，該段主要講述了完美主義帶來的諸如飲食紊亂、精神抑郁、創(chuàng)造力受限、重復(fù)勞動(dòng)而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間等問題。故G項(xiàng)適合作本段的主旨句。]4．C[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后的“Youmayavoid...repeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.”可知，不健康的完美主義者可能會(huì)避免開始一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目，直到找到了最好的方法。也可能會(huì)陷入一些小細(xì)節(jié)或重復(fù)已經(jīng)完成的任務(wù)。故C項(xiàng)“完美主義也會(huì)損害你的生產(chǎn)效率”符合語境。]5．D[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后的“Notonly...achievingthesesmallergoals.”可知，這不僅會(huì)讓你更容易達(dá)成目標(biāo)，而且你也會(huì)體驗(yàn)到實(shí)現(xiàn)這些小目標(biāo)時(shí)的興奮。故D項(xiàng)“然后將它們分解成月度或年度的步驟”承上啟下，符合語境。]C(2021·東北三校二模)Let’sfocusonwhattodowhenyou’reabouttotearupyourhomework，feedittoyourdog，orpretenditneverexists.Whatyouchoosetodoisveryimportantbecauseitcanaffecthowyoufeelaboutyourselfandhowyouhandlefrustrating(令人沮喪的)situationsinthefuture.__1__Practicingthemwillmakeiteasiertokeeptryingand，overtime，helpyougetlessfrustratedduringyourlearningjourney.Step1：RecognizeRecognizeyourfrustration.__2__Allowingyourselftobefrustratedandsayingtoyourselfthatitisokayareanimportantfirststepandaresurprisinglyrelieving.Step2：Remind__3__Itmeansyou’rechallengingyourselftolearn.Remindyourselfthatdifficultyandstrugglesareanaturalpartofpushingyourselftogrowasalearner.Justasyoucanpushyourselftorunfasterbypushingyourmusclestotheirlimit，youcanpushyourbraintoworkextrahard.Themoreyoupush，themoreyourmuscleswillbesore(酸痛的)andtiredinthemoment.__4__Frustrationcanbeasignthatyourbrainisgettingsoreandtired.Step3：ResetTrytakingashortbreak.Afewminutesawaymightbewhatyourbrainneeds.Then，comebacktoyourwork.__5__Thisstepisveryimportant！Ifallyoucanfocusonishowfrustratedyouare，itmaybehardforyourbraintobereadytolearn.Ontheotherhand，becarefulnottousethissteptorunawayfromthethingthatismakingyoufrustrated.Thegoodnewsisthatthemoretimesyougothroughthesesteps，thestrongeryourgoodhabitswillbecome.A．Don’tignoreit.B．Youcan’tfigureitout.C．Often，youwillseetheproblemwithfresheyes.D．Sometimesstrugglesandalittlefrustrationareagoodthing.E．Butwhenthatsorenessgoesaway，yourmusclesarestronger.F．Createaplanforwhatyouwilldonexttimetoovercomethefrustration.G．Hereareafewstepstohelpyoubecomebetteratdealingwithfrustration.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了幫助我們更好處理沮喪的幾個(gè)步驟。練習(xí)這幾個(gè)步驟會(huì)讓我們更容易堅(jiān)持嘗試，在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中更少地產(chǎn)生沮喪。1．G[考查上下文銜接。瀏覽全文可知，本文介紹了處理沮喪的幾個(gè)步驟?？蘸笠痪浔硎鼍毩?xí)它們的好處，由此可推斷，G項(xiàng)“這里有幫助你更好地處理沮喪的幾個(gè)步驟”符合語境。]2．A[考查上下文銜接?？涨暗摹癛ecognizeyourfrustration.”和空后的“Allowingyourselftobefrustrated”都在強(qiáng)調(diào)要接納自己的沮喪，即承認(rèn)你的沮喪，允許自己感到沮喪。A項(xiàng)“不要忽視它”承接上下文，其中的it指代“frustration”。]3．D[考查主旨句?？仗帪槎问拙洌鶕?jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為該部分的主旨句。根據(jù)空處后面的內(nèi)容可以看出該部分意在表明困難和掙扎對(duì)于自我學(xué)習(xí)和成長的促進(jìn)作用。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“有時(shí)掙扎和一點(diǎn)兒沮喪是一件好事”能總結(jié)該部分的內(nèi)容。]4．E[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪浔硎瞿阍酵苿?dòng)你的肌肉，你的肌肉在那一刻就越會(huì)感到酸痛和疲勞。結(jié)合語境可知，此處應(yīng)表述這樣做的好處，故E項(xiàng)“但是當(dāng)那種酸痛消失后，你的肌肉就會(huì)更強(qiáng)壯”與此處匹配。]5．C[考查上下文銜接?？涨疤岬蕉虝旱男菹⒅笤倩氐焦ぷ髦校蘸筇岬饺绻阒荒軐Ｗ⒂谀阌卸嗑趩?，你的大腦可能很難做好學(xué)習(xí)的準(zhǔn)備。由此可推知空處說明了休息的好處；C項(xiàng)“通常你會(huì)用新的視角看待問題”銜接上下文。]D(2021·福建省高三診斷性練習(xí))Peopleoftenwanttosimplifytheirlives.Ithasalotofstresstohaveacomplicatedlife，fullofschedules，meetings，possessions，andsoforth.Usually，asimplerlifetranslatesaslessanxiety，stressandworry.__1__Followthestep－by－stepprocessbelowtosimplifyyourlife.First，getridofallthepossessionsyouhaven’tusedinthelastyear.Ifyouhaven’tputathingtouseinoneyear，itisprobablynotworthkeeping：__2__Putanythingyouhaven’tusedinoneyearinthatbag.Next，manageyoursocialmediaandelectronicdevices.Weusuallyspendmoretimeonourdevicesthanweimagine.Thesedays，peoplecanspendthemajorityoftheirdaysonsocialmediaandelectronicdevices.Theseall－in－onedevicesaregreattools.__3__Onadeeperlevel，wecansimplifyourthinking.Mostofourthinkingisnotnecessary.__4__Ifyoudonotwanttogothatfar，trytoignorethethoughtsthatarenotrelatedtothepresent.Acontinuousstreamofthoughtsisnotnecessary.Sure，someplanningshouldbedoneforthefuture，butthereisnoneedtooverthink.__5__Wecangetridofpossessionsthatarenon－essential，manageoursocialmediaandelectronicdevices，andalsocleanupourthinkingsothatwearemoreinthepresentanddonotengageinunnecessaryworry，oranxiety.Allthesethingstakeenergyandtime，ofwhichweonlyhavealimitedamount.A．Nothoughtisimportant.B．Getridofelectronicdevices.C．So，howdowesimplifyourlives?D．Isplanningourthoughtseffort－making?E．Simplifyingourlivesisacomplextask.F．Buttheyshouldnotbecomethemainfocusofourlife.G．Getabiggarbagebagandwalkaroundyourlivingspace.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。人們都想要簡化生活，以減少焦慮、壓力與憂慮。文章從三個(gè)方面就此提出了建議。1．C[考查上下文銜接?？蘸笾v到按照下面的步驟一步一步地簡化生活，因此空處應(yīng)是對(duì)此句的設(shè)問，故C項(xiàng)“那么怎樣簡化我們的生活呢？”符合語境。]2．G[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后句中的“inthatbag”可知，空處應(yīng)提到“bag”，故G項(xiàng)與空后句“把一年內(nèi)不用的東西放到那個(gè)袋里”語意連貫，符合邏輯。]3．F[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)本段主旨句可知，要管理電子設(shè)備的使用，結(jié)合空前一句可知，雖然這些多功能電子設(shè)備是很好的工具，但是它們不應(yīng)成為我們生活中的重心，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。]4．A[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)本段首句可知，本段主要講我們可以簡化思考?？涨爸v我們大部分的思考是不必要的，A項(xiàng)(沒有思考很重要)是對(duì)上句的遞進(jìn)性闡述，符合語境。]5．E[考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)本段尾句可知，上述的三條建議都要花費(fèi)精力與時(shí)間，而我們的精力與時(shí)間是有限的。故E項(xiàng)(簡化我們的生活是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的工作)可作本段主旨句。]E(2021·石家莊市質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一)Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyou’renotashappyasyou’dliketobe？BasedonmyownpersonalexperienceandthehappinessfactspublishedbyHarvardUniversity，I’vesummarizedthefollowinghabitsthatwillmakeyouhappy!Laughoften.Laughteristhemostpowerfulmedicineforangerordepression.Researchhasshownthatthesimpleactofsmilingcanincreaseyourfeelingofhappiness.__1__Trytofindhumorandlaughterinlife’severydaystruggles.Keepyouragreements.Ourself－respectisbuiltontheagreementswe’vemadewithourselvesandwithothers.Andhighself－respecthasadirectrelationshipwithhappiness.__2__Doyourbestandthenletgo.Everyonehaslimitations，andthingsdon’talwaysturnouttobewhatwe’dlikethemtobe—despiteourefforts.Soalwaysgiveyourbest，andthenletgo.__3__Whenyou’vedoneyourbest，you’llhavenoregrets.Giveback.__4__AccordingtoHarvard，whenpeopledogood，theirbrainsbecomeactiveintheverysamerewardcenterthatisstimulatedwhentheyexperienceotherrewards.Soit’snotasurprisethatpeoplewhocaremoreaboutothersarehappierthanthosewhocarelessaboutothers.Thesehappinesshabitshaveproventobetrueinmyownlife.DuringthoseperiodswhenIfocusondevelopingthehabitslistedabove，Idofeelhappierandmorefulfilled—likenow.Happinessisnotanaccident.__5__A．Leteventsruntheircourse.B．Sodon’ttakelifetooseriously.C．Sodowhatyousayyou’regoingtodo.D．Whenwesucceed，we’remorelikelytobehappy.E．Thisisthebestwaytoovercomeyourlimitations.F．It’saconsciousdecisionthattakesaconsciouseffort.G．Helpingothersisoneofthesurestwaystofeelgood.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)讓人幸福的習(xí)慣，包括常笑和幫助他人。1．B[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“研究表明，一個(gè)簡單的微笑行為可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奮斗中努力找到幽默和笑聲”可知，B項(xiàng)“所以不要跟生活太較真”符合語境。]2．C[考查總結(jié)句。結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之間的關(guān)系。言行一致是自尊的基礎(chǔ)，而高度的自尊又與幸福有直接關(guān)系，所以C項(xiàng)“因此你要言出必行”符合語境。]3．A[考查上下文銜接。空前一句講的是“所以永遠(yuǎn)盡自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句講的是“當(dāng)你已盡了自己最大努力，你就沒有遺憾了”，因此A項(xiàng)“讓事情順其自然”符合語境。]4．G[考查上下文銜接。本段總結(jié)句講的是關(guān)心他人更多的人比關(guān)心他人更少的人更幸福，這并不是一個(gè)令人驚訝的事，故G項(xiàng)“幫助別人是能感到快樂的最可靠的方法之一”符合語境。]5．F[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)需要有意識(shí)的努力來作出的有意識(shí)的決定”符合語境。]說明文專練三A(2021·貴州省適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Areyouafraidofexpressingideasormakingnegativecomments？Doyoualwayssayyestoseekshelterorwantapprovalfromothers？__1__Youprobablytendtosatisfyotherpeople’sneedsaheadofyourown.Inthelongrun，itwillhaveasideeffectonyourlife.It’lltakesometimeforyoutoadjust，andit’stimetoknowhow.·Say“no”effectively.Itmighttakesomepractice，butletpeopleknowwhenyoucan’tdowhattheywant.Ifaflat“no”seemsdifficulttoyou，showyourunderstandingforthepersonandhisorherneeds.__2__·Setyourpriorities.__3__Ithelpsyouchoosewhattosayyestoandwhattodecline.Ifyoufeeltrappedinadecision，writealistofyourdemands(oroptions)andplacetheminorderofwhat’smostimportanttoyou.·__4__There’snothingwrongwithvoicingyouropinions.Simplyremindingpeoplethatyou’reanindividualwithyourownpreferenceisabigstepforward.Ifyoutendtopleasepeoplebygoingalongwithotherpeopleinsteadofvoicingyourlikesordislikes，speakout.·Takecareofyourself.Ignoringyourneedscanbeasignofalackofself－love.Lookingafteryourselfandtakingcareofyourbodyisn’tselfish.__5__Eathealthymeals，exerciseregularly，anddothingsthatmakeyourbodyfeelgood.A．Developyourpreference.B．Speakupforwhatyouwant.C．Sparesometimeeachdayforyourhealth.D．Ifyouagreetohelpsomeone，setatimelimit.E．Ifyes，youmaybeclassifiedasapeoplepleaser.F．Placethemostimportantatthetopoftheschedule.G．Still，youneedtobefirminsayingthatyoucannothelpthem.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了如何做到不討好他人，比如有效地說“不”，照顧好自己等。1．E[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)上文中的一般疑問句可知，空處應(yīng)該是對(duì)這些問題的回答或歸納，選項(xiàng)中只有E項(xiàng)符合這一要求。]2．G[考查總結(jié)句。本段的標(biāo)題講“有效地說‘不’”，再根據(jù)空前一句表述的“如果斷然拒絕對(duì)你來說是困難的，那就展示你對(duì)別人及其需要的理解”可知，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)與空前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題，因此G項(xiàng)符合語境。]3．F[考查上下文銜接。本段的標(biāo)題表述了“設(shè)置你的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)”，再根據(jù)空后一句表述的“它幫助你選擇什么能說‘好’，什么需要拒絕”可知，空處講的應(yīng)與“為自己設(shè)置一個(gè)有優(yōu)先級(jí)的事件表”有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以F項(xiàng)符合語境。]4．B[考查段落小標(biāo)題。通讀本段可知，本段主要講“要說出自己的喜好”，故B項(xiàng)適合作本段的小標(biāo)題。]5．C[考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v“照顧自己和自己的身體并不是自私”，而空后一句表述了“要擁有健康飲食，有規(guī)律地鍛煉，并做一些讓自己的身體感覺良好的事情”，所以C項(xiàng)“每天為自己的健康抽出一些時(shí)間”符合語境。]B(2021·甘肅省第二次高考診斷)TipsonEnhancingYourMemoryOneofthemostcommonproblemstodayisforgetfulness.Manypeoplearesearchingforthekeytoabettermemory.__1__Enhanceyourmemorybyusingassociations.Thefirsttechniquetorememberthingsistheassociationtechnique.Thisincludestheuseofmnemonics(助記符號(hào))orthingssimilartoaparticularwordinordertorememberwhatshouldbememorized.__2__However，theassociationsthatapersoncreateshimselfwillhelptorememberthingsmoreeasilyandmorequickly.Enhanceyourmemorybyrepetition.__3__Stimuli(刺激物)arethingsthatstimulateapersontomakehisbrainwork.Asapersonrepeatedlyacquiresstimulitomake