直接引語和間接引語課件

fidic設(shè)計(jì)建造與交鑰匙工程合同書條件篇一:FIDIC工程設(shè)計(jì)建造總承包與交鑰匙工程通用條件國際咨詢工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)工程設(shè)計(jì)建造總承包與交鑰匙工程合同條件(1995年英文本第一版)陳彪譯曹鵬南校第一部分通用條件中國兵器工業(yè)第六設(shè)計(jì)研究院譯者的話國際咨詢工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)(FIDIC:菲迪克)于提供的橙皮書英文本翻譯而成的。1995年出版了《工程設(shè)計(jì)建造總承包與交鑰匙工程合同條件》(英文本第一版),簡稱“橙皮書”。本中譯本是根據(jù)菲迪克秘書處橙皮書“是菲迪克推薦的通用文本,適用于國際招標(biāo)的工程設(shè)計(jì)施工總承包合同;稍經(jīng)修改后,也同樣適用于各國的國內(nèi)合同”(見橙皮書“前言”)。近十多年來,我國一直在大力推行工程項(xiàng)目總承包體制,許多單位在這方面都進(jìn)行了一些有益的探索。但迄今為止,我國還沒有一份統(tǒng)一的工程總承包合同示范文本。根據(jù)菲迪克紅皮書《土木工程施工合同條件》在我國被采用的實(shí)踐,可以預(yù)見,在今后一個(gè)時(shí)期橙皮書也將為我國工程咨詢(設(shè)計(jì))、工程承包等有關(guān)行業(yè)廣泛采用,這既是與國際接軌、進(jìn)入國際市場的需要,同時(shí)也是我國改革工程建設(shè)管理體制,提高工程建設(shè)的投資效益和社會(huì)效益、建立和Theshoesaretoobigforme.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim.fidic設(shè)計(jì)建造與交鑰匙工程合同書條件Theshoes1Grammar直接引語和間接引語DirectandIndirectSpeechGrammar直接引語和間接引語DirectandInd2基本概念直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號(hào)“”括起來。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語從句。直接引語間接引語基本概念直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號(hào)“”括起來。用自己的35.注意地點(diǎn)的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)需要注意的變化1.注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化2.注意人稱變化。3.注意指示代詞的變化4.注意時(shí)間的變化6.注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化5.注意地點(diǎn)的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)需要注意的變化14Iamgoodatdancing.IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.ShesaidshehadvisitedtheGreatWallthedaybefore.Shesaidshewasgoodatdancing.Iamgoodatdancing.Ivisited5結(jié)論一直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句.從句中的人稱,時(shí)態(tài),指示代詞,時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語等相應(yīng)變化.結(jié)論一直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語6Doyoulikeflowers?Sheaskedmewhether/ifIlikedflowers?Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?SheaskedmewhereIweregoingformyholiday.Doyoulikeflowers?Sheasked7Heordered/toldmetobequiet!Bequiet!Heordered/toldmenottomakenoise.Don’tmakenoise!Followme,please!Heaskedmetofollowhim.Heordered/toldmetobequiet8結(jié)論二直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時(shí)，要從疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞if或whether連接。直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。結(jié)論二直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時(shí)，要從疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z9結(jié)論三直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not或never.并根據(jù)語氣的不同在動(dòng)詞不定前加tell,ask,order,beg，advise等動(dòng)詞。結(jié)論三直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定10口訣說明直接引語間接引語1、人稱的變化一隨主二隨賓三不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新口訣說明直接引語間接引語1、人稱的變化一二隨賓三引號(hào)內(nèi)的11直接引語和間接引語正誤例析1.

“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.

TheyoungmanaskedKarenwheredidherchemistryteacherlive.

TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived

簡析:一般說來,直接引語是疑問句,將其變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),原來的疑問語序要改為陳述語序。直接引語和間接引語正誤例析1.

“Wheredoes122.

“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.

Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehasgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.

Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.

簡析:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般要用相應(yīng)的某種過去時(shí)態(tài),所以本句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)改為過去完成時(shí)。

2.

“Ihavegainedthefirstp133.

“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.

Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.

Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

簡析:直接引語為客觀真理、格言時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語,時(shí)態(tài)無需改變。3.

“Lighttravelsfasterthan144.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.

MaryaskedmethatIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.

Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.

簡析:直接引語如果是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),而不用that。

4.“Willyougototheconcert155.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.

Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonehereyesterday.

Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonetherethedaybefore.

簡析:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語一般也要作相應(yīng)改變,如

5.“Whatdidyoudohereyeste16Exercises1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”

3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”

Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.Exercises1.Hesaid,“Imafr174.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.

5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.

6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIhadbeenlateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”181.Theteachersaid，“Don’tbelate，Mary.”

Theteachertold____.

A.MarynottobelateB.Marytobenotlate

C.Maryarenotlate

D.nottobelate2.Heaskedher，“Whereareyougoing?”Heaskedher____.A.wheresheweregoing

B.whereshewasgoingtoC.whereshewasgoing

D.wheresheisgoing鞏固提高1.Theteachersaid，“Don’tbe193.Theladysaid，“Ishallgothereontime.”Theladysaidthat____.

A.shewouldcomethereontime

B.shewouldgothereontime

C.shewouldgothereontime

D.hewouldgothereontime4.Hesaidtome，“Iwrotetomyfatheryesterday.”Hetoldmehehadwrittentohisfather____.

A.theyesterday

B.beforetoday

C.thedaybeforeD.thenextday3.Theladysaid，“Ishallgot205.Theteacherasked，“Areyouwaitingforthebus?”Theteacherasked____forthebus.

A.ifIwaswaiting

B.wasIwaitingC.youarewaiting

D.Iwaswaiting6.Theprofessorsaidthatlight____fasterthansound.

A.travels

B.traveled

C.travelD.traveled7.Mymotheraskedmetoshowmyhomeworktoher.Mymothersaidtome，“Show____homework.”

A.hermy

B.meyour

C.heryour

D.mehis5.Theteacherasked，“Areyou21fidic設(shè)計(jì)建造與交鑰匙工程合同書條件篇一:FIDIC工程設(shè)計(jì)建造總承包與交鑰匙工程通用條件國際咨詢工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)工程設(shè)計(jì)建造總承包與交鑰匙工程合同條件(1995年英文本第一版)陳彪譯曹鵬南校第一部分通用條件中國兵器工業(yè)第六設(shè)計(jì)研究院譯者的話國際咨詢工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)(FIDIC:菲迪克)于提供的橙皮書英文本翻譯而成的。1995年出版了《工程設(shè)計(jì)建造總承包與交鑰匙工程合同條件》(英文本第一版),簡稱“橙皮書”。本中譯本是根據(jù)菲迪克秘書處橙皮書“是菲迪克推薦的通用文本,適用于國際招標(biāo)的工程設(shè)計(jì)施工總承包合同;稍經(jīng)修改后,也同樣適用于各國的國內(nèi)合同”(見橙皮書“前言”)。近十多年來,我國一直在大力推行工程項(xiàng)目總承包體制,許多單位在這方面都進(jìn)行了一些有益的探索。但迄今為止,我國還沒有一份統(tǒng)一的工程總承包合同示范文本。根據(jù)菲迪克紅皮書《土木工程施工合同條件》在我國被采用的實(shí)踐,可以預(yù)見,在今后一個(gè)時(shí)期橙皮書也將為我國工程咨詢(設(shè)計(jì))、工程承包等有關(guān)行業(yè)廣泛采用,這既是與國際接軌、進(jìn)入國際市場的需要,同時(shí)也是我國改革工程建設(shè)管理體制,提高工程建設(shè)的投資效益和社會(huì)效益、建立和Theshoesaretoobigforme.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim.fidic設(shè)計(jì)建造與交鑰匙工程合同書條件Theshoes22Grammar直接引語和間接引語DirectandIndirectSpeechGrammar直接引語和間接引語DirectandInd23基本概念直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號(hào)“”括起來。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語從句。直接引語間接引語基本概念直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號(hào)“”括起來。用自己的245.注意地點(diǎn)的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)需要注意的變化1.注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化2.注意人稱變化。3.注意指示代詞的變化4.注意時(shí)間的變化6.注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化5.注意地點(diǎn)的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)需要注意的變化125Iamgoodatdancing.IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.ShesaidshehadvisitedtheGreatWallthedaybefore.Shesaidshewasgoodatdancing.Iamgoodatdancing.Ivisited26結(jié)論一直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句.從句中的人稱,時(shí)態(tài),指示代詞,時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語等相應(yīng)變化.結(jié)論一直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語27Doyoulikeflowers?Sheaskedmewhether/ifIlikedflowers?Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?SheaskedmewhereIweregoingformyholiday.Doyoulikeflowers?Sheasked28Heordered/toldmetobequiet!Bequiet!Heordered/toldmenottomakenoise.Don’tmakenoise!Followme,please!Heaskedmetofollowhim.Heordered/toldmetobequiet29結(jié)論二直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時(shí)，要從疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞if或whether連接。直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。結(jié)論二直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時(shí)，要從疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z30結(jié)論三直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not或never.并根據(jù)語氣的不同在動(dòng)詞不定前加tell,ask,order,beg，advise等動(dòng)詞。結(jié)論三直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定31口訣說明直接引語間接引語1、人稱的變化一隨主二隨賓三不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新口訣說明直接引語間接引語1、人稱的變化一二隨賓三引號(hào)內(nèi)的32直接引語和間接引語正誤例析1.

“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.

TheyoungmanaskedKarenwheredidherchemistryteacherlive.

TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived

簡析:一般說來,直接引語是疑問句,將其變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),原來的疑問語序要改為陳述語序。直接引語和間接引語正誤例析1.

“Wheredoes332.

“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.

Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehasgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.

Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.

簡析:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般要用相應(yīng)的某種過去時(shí)態(tài),所以本句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)改為過去完成時(shí)。

2.

“Ihavegainedthefirstp343.

“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.

Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.

Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

簡析:直接引語為客觀真理、格言時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語,時(shí)態(tài)無需改變。3.

“Lighttravelsfasterthan354.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.

MaryaskedmethatIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.

Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.

簡析:直接引語如果是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),而不用that。

4.“Willyougototheconcert365.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.

Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonehereyesterday.

Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonetherethedaybefore.

簡析:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語一般也要作相應(yīng)改變,如

5.“Whatdidyoudohereyeste37Exercises1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”

3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”

Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.Exercises1.Hesaid,“Imafr384.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.

5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.

6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIhadbeenlateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”391.Theteachersaid，“Don’tbelate，Mary.”

Theteachertold____.

A.MarynottobelateB.Marytobenotlate

C.Maryarenotlate

D.nottobelate