中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 句子成分 結(jié)構(gòu) 講義

第六-七講句子成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和類型學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容教學(xué)目標1單詞的詞性分類識記單詞的詞性2基本的句子成分識記基本的句子成分3各類詞性充當?shù)木渥映煞峙袛嗖煌~性的單詞充當何種句子成分問題層級圖：目標層級圖：

課堂講義詞性的分類名詞

(n.)student,China,family,milk代詞(pron.)you,his,herself反身代詞,these,what,everything形容詞(adj.)good,afraid,important副詞(adv.)soon,there,quite,carefully,always動詞(vt.&vi.&vl.)study,come,forget,sleep,are,smell,become數(shù)詞(num.)twohundred,fifth,onethird,threepercent介詞(prep.)in,above,insteadof,during連詞(conj.)so,both...and,until冠詞(art.)a,an,the練習(xí)：請將方框中的單詞按要求進行分類。desk,wonderful,seldom,finish,between,either…or,ourselves,map,that,twelve,with,leave,because,hardly,lunch,know,song,him,over,high,thirtieth,aswellas,deep,usually,ninth,keep,through,friendly,therefore,those,thousand,quickly,argue,if,above,lovely,nothing,bag,across名詞：_________________________________________________________________________動詞：_________________________________________________________________________代詞：_________________________________________________________________________形容詞：_______________________________________________________________________副詞：_________________________________________________________________________介詞：_________________________________________________________________________連詞：_________________________________________________________________________數(shù)詞：_________________________________________________________________________答案：名詞：desk,map,lunch,song,bag動詞：finish,leave,know,keep,argue代詞：ourselves,him,that,those,nothing形容詞：wonderful,high,deep,friendly,lovely副詞：seldom,hardly,usually,quickly介詞：between,with,over,through,above,across連詞：either...or,because,aswellas,therefore,if數(shù)詞：twelve,thirtieth,ninth,thousand句子成分定義：句子成分是句子的組成成分。根據(jù)詞語在句子當中的地位和作用的不同，可以分為主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、表語等不同的成分。成分功能例句核心成分主語句子的主體，謂語動作的發(fā)出者Janeisgoodatmaths.Theyweresingingasong.謂語句子的核心，主語發(fā)出的行為Lilycanplaythepianowell.Hegetsupearly.賓語謂語動作的承受者Iboughtsomeflowersinthestore.Louishasmadetheviewclear.表語描述主語的身份或狀態(tài)Tomisastudent.Wewerequiteexcitedwhenithappened.非核心成分定語修飾名詞或代詞Jennyisabeautifulmodel.Ihavegotsomethingimportanttotellyou.狀語修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞及句子Sheranveryquicklywhenshesawhermomyesterday.Unfortunately,hefailedtheinterview.補語對所修飾詞進行補充說明Ifinditinterestingtolearnswimming.Wewillmakehimourleader.同位語解釋名詞或代詞的具體內(nèi)容He,thelittleboy,savedthegirlbravely.Theideaisclearthathumanbeingsaredamagingtheearth.練習(xí)：請判別出劃線部分的句子成分。Thesecretofsuccessistokeeponworking.Timeismoney.MyunclewillflytoThailandnextweek.Mygrandmotherwastiredwhensheclimbedthestairs.ThetallChinesegirlisspeakingtoherteacher.HisunclesingsEnglishsongsquitewell.Wehavetomakethehousecleanandtidybeforewemoveintoit.賓語補足語Themansawathiefwalkingintothestore.Whathereallymeantwastoputitintopractice.答案：1.主語2.表語3.謂語4.賓語5.定語6.狀語7.補語8.補語9.主語三、各類詞性在句中的用法成分詞性主語謂語賓語表語定語狀語補語同位語名詞√√√√√√代詞√√√√形容詞√√√√副詞√√√√動詞√數(shù)詞√√√√√√介詞(短語)√√√√e.g.1.Igetannoyedwhensomeonetalkstomerudely.講解：在該句中，I充當句子的主語，get是系動詞充當謂語，annoyed為過去分詞作表語。when之后是一個時間狀語從句，在從句中someone是不定代詞作主語，talks充當謂語動詞，me為賓語，rudely則是副詞修飾talks作了狀語。2.Shefoundthebookexcitingandkeptreadingit.講解：在該句中，she是句子的主語，found是謂語動詞，thebook作賓語，exciting則充當賓語補足語,對book進行補充說明。and為連詞，kept與found并列作謂語，reading是動名詞作kept的賓語，it則是指代thebook又作read的賓語。練習(xí)：請判別出劃線部分的句子成分。Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass. _________________________答案：狀語解析：“課下我再回答你的問題?！薄癮fterclass”做時間狀語。Timeismoney. _________________________答案：表語解析：“時間就是金錢。”本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Themansawathiefwalkingintothestore._________________________答案：補語解析：“這個人看見一個小偷走進了這家商店?！薄皐alkingintothestore”做“saw”的補語。MyunclewillflytoThailandnextweek._________________________答案：謂語解析：本句是主謂賓狀結(jié)構(gòu)，“willfly”做句子的謂語。HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing._________________________答案：定語解析：of結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，意為“有關(guān)宮殿的照片”，所以做photo的定語。Hisdreamistobecomeascientist._________________________答案：表語解析：本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式做句中的表語。Tomcametoaskmeforadvice. _________________________答案：補語解析：“湯姆跑來問我的意見?！庇捎凇癱ome”是不及物動詞，所以不能直接加賓語，這里是接不定式來描述動作，所以不定式在此做補語，是對整個動作進行補充說明。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou. _________________________答案：定語解析：形容詞修飾不定代詞放后面，“一些重要的事”，所以這里是做定語。Luckily,hewasn’tbadlyhurt. _________________________答案：狀語解析：副詞位于句首，修飾整個句子，這是狀語的功能。IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish. _________________________答案：賓語解析：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語很重要?！贝颂幨莍t做形式賓語，不定式做真正的賓語。練習(xí)：請連詞成句，并圈出謂語動詞。thefish,we,ate,thismorning.解答：Weatethefishthismorning.gave,thebook,Mary,herfather,to解答:Marygavethebooktoherfather.smells,theflower,great解答：Theflowersmellsgreat.theman,stealing,theboy,caught,themilk,inthesupermarket解答:Theboycaughtthemanstealingthemilkinthesupermarket.OrThemancaughttheboystealingthemilkinthesupermarket.he,well,hishomework,does解答:Hedoeshishomeworkwell.showed,thebeautifulpictures,she,hermother解答：Sheshowedhermotherthebeautifulpictures.heardme,when,he,heopenedthedoor,singingasong解答：Heheardmesingingasongwhenheopenedthedoor.found,toswim,it,insuchcoldweather,she,terrible解答:Shefounditterribletoswiminsuchcoldweather.taught,thegreatimportance,ourteacher,us,ofprotectingtheearth解答:Ourteachertaughtusthegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth.clean,me,theroom,he,helped解答:Hehelpedmecleantheroom.練習(xí)：請分析下文中劃線句子的成分。Twomenwerestandingatabar.Onemanturnedtotheotherandsaid,‘I’llbetyou$100thatIcanbitemylefteye.’Thewager(賭注)wasaccepted,andthemanpopped(突然挖出)outhisglasseyeandbitit.‘Now,’hesaid,‘Iwillgiveyouachancetowinyourmoneyback.Iwillbetyouanother$100thatIcanbitemyrighteye.’‘Hecan’thavetwoglasseyes.’thoughttheotherman,andheputdownhismoney.Thenthefirstmantookouthisfalseteethandbithisrighteye.答案：1.Twomen(主語)werestanding(謂語動詞)atabar(介詞短語作狀語).Thewager(主語)wasaccepted(謂語動詞).I(主語)willgive(謂語動詞)you(間接賓語)achance(直接賓語)towinyourmoneyback(不定式作狀語).He(主語)can’thave(謂語動詞)twoglasseyes(賓語).Then(狀語)thefirstman(主語)tookout(謂語動詞)his(定語)falseteeth(賓語)and(連詞)bit(謂語動詞)his(定語)righteye(賓語).四、英語中的五種基本句型五種句型主語謂語其他成分主語+謂語Thechildrenslept.主語+謂語+賓語Ilikechattingonline.(賓語)主語+系動詞+表語Sheisapolicewoman.(表語)主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語SurfingtheInternetbringsme(間接賓語)muchfun.(直接賓語)主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語WecancallhimJack.(賓語補足語)練習(xí)：判斷下列句子屬于何種類型并翻譯為漢語。（3分鐘）Timefliesby.Ican’tstandtheheat.IsentyouanE-mail.Itcostmethreedollars.Oneofmyoldfriendsdied.Youcanleavethedooropen.TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Hedoeshishomeworkwell.Wewerefrightenedatthattime.Shelooksexcitedtoday.答案：1.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；時光飛逝 2.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)；我受不了這熱度 3.主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)；我給你寄了一封電子郵件 4.主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)；它花了我三美金 5.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；我的一個老朋友過世了 6.主謂賓+賓補；你可以讓門開著 7.主謂賓+賓補；老師們會讓你的英語變得更好 8.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)；他做作業(yè)做得很好 9.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；我們那時很害怕10.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；她今天看上去很興奮補充：本節(jié)課討論了英語中簡單句的五種基本句型，而掌握句型的關(guān)鍵在于掌握動詞的用法。英語中的動詞分為系動詞、不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓語動詞及復(fù)合賓語動詞，掌握了動詞的用法，就能準確判斷句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。動詞種類對應(yīng)句型系動詞(be,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,get,become,turn,grow等)主語+系動詞+表語不及物動詞(run,work,sleep,die,listen,talk,sit,fly,sit,lie等)主語+謂語及物動詞(like,want,buy,borrow,sell,know,take,save,prefer等行為動詞)主語+謂語+賓語雙賓語動詞(send,buy,give,show,bring,lend,hand,promise,teach,offer,pass,make等)主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語復(fù)合賓語動詞(call,think,elect,make,find,leave,see,hear,watch,notice,catch等)主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語e.g.1.Sheshowedhermotherthebeautifulpictures.(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)=Sheshowedthebeautifulpicturestohermother.2.WeelectedhimpresidentoftheStudents’Union.(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)總結(jié)：區(qū)分句子是‘主謂雙賓’結(jié)構(gòu)還是‘主謂賓+賓補’結(jié)構(gòu)，主要看謂語之后的兩個成分是否可以互換位置。跟在雙賓語之后的兩個賓語是可以互換的，而賓語補足語是對賓語進行補充說明，因此不能和賓語互換位置。練習(xí)1：將下列單詞組合成語序正確的句子，并判斷出是何種句型結(jié)構(gòu)。（2分鐘）thefish,we,ate,thismorning.gave,thebook,Mary,herfather,tosmells,theflower,greatthebaby,soundly,sleeping,wastheman,stealing,theboy,caught,themilk,inthesupermarket答案：1.Weatethefishthismorning./Thismorningweatethefish.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Marygavethebooktoherfather.主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)Theflowersmellsgreat.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)Thebabywassleepingsoundly.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Themancaughttheboystealingthemilkinthesupermarket./Theboycaughtthemanstealingthemilkinthesupermarket.主謂賓+賓補練習(xí)2：判斷出下列句型是‘主謂雙賓’結(jié)構(gòu)還是‘主謂賓+賓補’結(jié)構(gòu)，并將‘主謂雙賓’結(jié)構(gòu)的句子進行改寫。（2分鐘）Shefounditterribletoswiminsuchcoldweather.Shedidmeafavor.Hesoldsomecurtainmaterialstome.Heheardmesingingasongwhenheopenedthedoor.答案：1.主謂賓+賓補 2.主謂雙賓；Shedidafavorforme.3.主謂雙賓;Hesoldmesomecurtainmaterials. 4.主謂賓+賓補（第7次課）分析句子成分的高級運用練習(xí)：請分析下列句子的成分，說明各個成分的詞性。（4分鐘）IwanthertoknowthatmydressisratherprettyandthatIwouldliketowearitattheparty.Weweretaughtthegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth.Thetallmanisshowinghissonhowtoplanttreesbecausehehasagardeninthehouse.MyteacheradvisedmetoreadEnglishnewspapereverydaytoimprovemypronunciation.答案：I(人稱代詞作主語)want(行為動詞充當謂語)her(人稱代詞作賓語)toknow(不定式作賓補)that(賓語從句連詞)mydress(名詞作主語)is(系動詞)rather(副詞做狀語)pretty(形容詞作表語)and(并列連詞)that(賓語從句連詞)I(人稱代詞作主語)wouldlike(動詞短語作謂語)towearit(不定式作賓語)attheparty(介詞短語作狀語).We(人稱代詞作主語)weretaught(謂語動詞的被動語態(tài))thegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth(直接賓語).Thetall(形容詞作定語)man(名詞作主語)isshowing(謂語動詞)hisson(間接賓語)howtoplanttrees(直接賓語)because(原因狀語從句連詞)he(人稱代詞作主語)has(行為動詞充當謂語)agarden(名詞作賓語)inthehouse(介詞短語作狀語).My(人稱代詞作定語)teacher(名詞作主語)advised(行為動詞充當謂語)me(人稱代詞作賓語)toreadEnglishnewspaper(不定式作賓補)everyday(時間狀語)toimprovemypronunciation(不定式作目的狀語).六、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句1.簡單句只含有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并且句子各成分都只由單詞或短語構(gòu)成的獨立句子1)Iamreadingabook.2)Iamreadingabookinthelibrary.3)Iamreadinganinterestingstorybookinthelibrarywithfullattention.2.并列句(1)并列句的常見連詞兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。并列連詞有：and,but,or等并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。常見連詞關(guān)系意義and并列，對稱“和”but并列或選擇“或者”、“否則”、“要不然”or轉(zhuǎn)折“但是”e.g.Ilikeactionmoviesbutdon'tlikethrillers.我喜歡動作片，但不喜歡恐怖片。Hurryuporyou'llbelate.快點，否則你要遲到了。注意：連詞可連接兩個謂語動詞，兩個短語，兩個分句，但所連接的兩個成分必須一致，絕不能一個是詞，另一個是句子。e.g.Hecameinandsatdownnearawindow.他進來坐在了靠窗戶的座位。Ilikeredandorange.我喜歡紅色和橙色。Heisn'tmybrotherormyfriend.他不是我兄弟也不是我朋友。Ilikeplayingfootballandswimming.我喜歡踢足球喜歡游泳。(2)其他連詞關(guān)系并列andboth...andaswellasnotonly...but(also)neither...nor轉(zhuǎn)折but選擇oreither...or...not...but...orelse因果forso/sothattherefore對比while時間and遞進notonly...butalsoneither...nore.g.Shenotonlysingsbutalsodances. (并列)Thefilmisnotperfect,still,it'sgood. (轉(zhuǎn)折)Takethechance,orelseyouwillregretit. (選擇)I'dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorain. (因果)總結(jié)：1、一個句子有且僅有一個謂語動詞。2、再有謂語動詞的話可以用連詞連接兩個謂語，或用連詞連接兩個簡單句，形成并列句。3、依據(jù)兩個簡單句之間的關(guān)系選擇合適的連詞。(3)特殊的并列句a.祈使句+and+一般將來時的句子這個句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就會有后面句子表示的結(jié)果”。b.祈使句+or+一般將來時的句子這個句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情，就會有后面句子表示的結(jié)果”。e.g.Givemeachance,andIwillgiveyouasurprise.給我一個機會，我會還你一個奇跡。Don'tmove,oryouwillbedead.別動，否則你就死定了。練習(xí)1：選出正確答案。（1分鐘）1.Studyhard,_____youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.A.or B.and C.for D.but2.Bequick,_____we’llbelateforclass.A.or B.so C.and D.but3.Comealittleearliernexttime,_____you’llmissthebestpartoftheTVplay.A.and B.but C.or D.till答案：BAC判斷并列句的步驟：第一步：句子中有N＞1個謂語動詞。第二步：判斷連詞不是連接兩個謂語動詞。第三步：判斷并列句之間的關(guān)系，選擇合適連詞。練習(xí)2：選出正確答案。（3分鐘）1.Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,_____shelikeditverymuch.A.so B.or C.and D.but2.—Didn’tyougiverosestoyourfatheronFather’sDay?—Oh,notonlymyfather,_____mygrandpagotredroses.A.or B.and C.but D.until3.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?—I’dloveto,_____Ican’t.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.A.or B.but C.so D.and4.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,_____failed.A.or B.so C.but D.because5._____Lily_____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly;butalso B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.Either;orNoneoftheshoesintheshopsaretherightsize.Theyare_____toobig_____toosmall.D----CA.both;and B.neither;nor C.either;or D.notonly;butalso7.“Areyougoingtoeathere____takeitaway?”askedthewaiter.A.and B.so C.or D.but8.Motherwasill,_____Fathercookedforusinstead.A.but B.or C.so D.and9.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,_____lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.A.so B.and C.but D.for答案：1-5CCBCD6-9CCCA2.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句是由一個主句加一個或幾個從句構(gòu)成。從句只用作句子一個成分，不能獨立。依據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，可分為名詞性從句，形容詞性從句（定語從句），副詞性從句（狀語從句）。e.g.Youboughtthebook.Ilikeit.簡單句YouboughtthebookyesterdayandIlikeit.并列句，并列兩個簡單句Ilikethebookthatyouboughtyesterday.定語從句Hetreatedhisdaughterbetterintheprocess,whichmadeothersunhappy.定語從句Itisanimportantpointthatheisadoctorhimself.主語從句Shesaidthatitwasreallyeasy.賓語從句Thetruthisthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungasfivemonthsold.表語從句Thereislittledoubtthatyouwillbeabletojudgetruthanderror[ifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself].同位語從句+狀語從句Pleasedon’tputtheknifewherethekidcangetit.狀語從句小結(jié)：1、復(fù)合句中，從句從屬于主句，不能獨立。2、從句充當什么句子成分就是什么從句。判斷復(fù)合句步驟：第一步：句子中有N＞1個謂語動詞。第二步：句子不是并列句第三步：判斷從句是否充當句子成分（主，賓，同，表，定，狀）。練習(xí)：判斷下列句子是簡單句，并列句還是復(fù)合句。（5分鐘）Ilikepopularmusic.Thegirllaughedinherroom.Theplanecrashedandkilledall200peopleaboard.Hewasadoptedwhenhewas13.Weofferedhimourcongratulations.Ican’tstandstayingathomealldaylong.Hedidn’tlikebananasorapples.IwillgoandIhopeyoucangowithme.Ihaveabookwhichmyfatherboughtforme.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Awomansawithappenwhenshewaswalkingpast.Peoplepreservefruitwhenitisinseasonsothattheywillbeabletoeatitalltheyearround.Youneverknowwhatyoucandotillyoutry.Thunderisthenoisethatairmakeswhenlightningjumpsthroughit.TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsnameifitdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.PleasetellthepresidentoftheuniversitythatI’mverygratefultotheprofessorsandstudentsforarrangingthisvisitandforthewarmwelcomeIhavereceivedhereandthatwhenIgobacktomycountryIwillcertainlytellmypeopleallaboutmyvisithere.答案：簡單句：1235610 并列句：7，8，16and連接兩個賓語從句復(fù)合句：4,9,11,12,13,14,15,16 課堂檢測一、判斷下列單詞的詞性（5分鐘）however,some,of,the,have,bent,should,million,seem,a,therefore,sufficient,consultant,readily,big,moreover,where,behave,limp,tramp,an,trillion,must,yes,over,billion,function,can,remain,herevt.____________________________________________________________vi.____________________________________________________________lv.____________________________________________________________n.____________________________________________________________adj.____________________________________________________________adv.____________________________________________________________prep.___________________________________________________________pron.___________________________________________________________conj.___________________________________________________________art.____________________________________________________________num.___________________________________________________________mv.____________________________________________________________答案：vt. have,behave,tramp,vi. behave,limp,tramp,functionlv. seem,remainn. million,consultant,limp,tramp,trillion,yes,over,billion,function,canadj. some,bent,million,sufficient,big,limp,trillion,over,billionadv. however,some,therefore,readily,big,moreover,where,yes,over,hereprep. of,overpron. some,whereconj. however,whereart. the,a,annum. million,trillion,billionmv. should,must,can二、判斷劃線部分的句子成分。（4分鐘）Isleptverybadlylastnight.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Hehandedmethenewspaper.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Myfatherpaintedmybookcasepink.Hewasseentocomein.HefoundEnglishimportant.Hisjobisadoctor.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.答案：主謂狀狀SV主謂賓SVO主謂賓狀SVO謂（助動詞部分）主謂（實意動詞部分）賓定定SVO主謂賓賓SVOO謂（助動詞部分）主謂（實意動詞部分）賓定定SVO主謂賓補SVOC主謂補SVC主謂賓補SVOC主系表SVP狀主感嘆句表謂主狀表示存在意義的句型三、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換（9分鐘）(A)Duringthesummerdaysmymotherbuiltherfireintheshadowofourcabin.Intheearlymorning____1____(we)simplebreakfastwasspreaduponthegrass.Themorningmealwasourquiethour.Atnoon,several____2____(whom)chancedtobepassingbystoppedtorest,andtoshareourluncheonwithus.Ilovedbesttheeveningmeal,forthatwasthetimeoldstoriesweretold.Iwasalwaysgladwhenthesunhunglowinthewest,forthenmymothersentmetoinvitetheneighboringoldpeopletoeatsupperwithus."Yes,yes,____3____(glad)Ishallcome!"eachreplied.Mymissiondone,Iranback,skippingandjumpingwith____4____(delightful).AtthearrivalofourguestsIsatclosetomymother,anddidnotleaveherside.Iatemysupperinquiet,listening____5____(patient)tothetalkoftheoldpeople,wishingallthetimethattheywouldbeginthestories.Atlast,whenIcouldnotwaitanylonger,Iwhisperedinmymother'sear,"AskthemtotellanIktomistory,mother."Thenmymothersaidaloud,"Mylittledaughteris____6____(anxiety)tohearyourstories."Aseachinturnbegantotellalegend,Ipillowedmyheadinmymother'slap;andlyingflatuponmyback,Iwatchedthestarsonebyone.Theincreasing____7____(interested)ofthetalearousedme,andIsatupeagerlylisteningforeveryword.Theoldwomenmadefunnyremarks,andlaughedso____8____(heart)thatIcouldnothelpjoiningthem.答案：1.erest8.heartily(B)The43rdU.S.presidentGeorgeW.Bushsteppedbackintothespotlightwhenalibraryandmuseumas____1____(dedicate)tohimopenedtothepubliconMay1.theGeorgeW.BushPresidentialLibraryandMuseumisdedicatedonthecampusofSouthernMethodistUniversityinDallas,Texas.Thelibraryandmuseumis____2____(plenty)withexhibitsonthe____3____(history)events.“About3000,000visitorsareexpected”,saidthelibraryandmuseumspokesman.Presidentiallibrariesarenotlibrariesinthe____4____(tradition)sense.PeoplecannotgototheGeorgeW.BushPresidentiallibrarytocheckoutabook.Theyarefacilitiesthatpreservedocumentsanditemsofapresidentandhisactofgoverning.Whateverispreservedatapresidentiallibraryisavailabletothepublictoseeandstudybecausepresidentiallibrariesarepublic____5____(proper)belongingtotheAmericanpeople.ThePresidentiallibrarysystembeganin1939whenPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,duringhissecondterminoffice,donatedhispersonalandpresidentialpaperstothe____6____(govern).Upuntilthatpoint,presidentialpapersweredestroyed,soldforprofit,ruinedbypoor____7____(store)conditions,orweresimplylosttothehistory.Rooseveltbelievedthatpresidentialdocumentswereanimportantpartofthenation’s____8____(heritable).HealsodonatedapotionofhisestateinHydePARK,NewYork,wherehislibraryandmuseumwouldbebuilt.Thisbeganatraditionthatwouldcarryonwitheverypresidentthatfollowed.答案：1.ernment7.storage8.heritage四、改錯（9分鐘）此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行做出判斷：如無錯誤,在該行右邊橫線上畫一個勾（√）；如有錯誤（每行只有一個錯誤）,則按下列情況改正：此行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉,在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞,并也用斜線劃掉。此行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧）,在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。此行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線,在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。(A)Newresearchhasfound,backgroundmusiccanreduceyourabletoperform1.memorytasks.Studyparticipateswereaskedtorecallalistofeightlettersinthe2.ordertheywerepresented.Theydidthisinfivedifferencesoundenvironments:3.quietsurroundings;music

theyliked;musictheydisliked;changedstate;and4.steadystate.

Theparticipants’recallabilitywasthepoorestwhenlisteningmusic5.regardlessoftheylikedordislikedit,andinchanging-stateconditions.Themost6.accuracyrecalloccurredwhenparticipantsperformedthetaskinsteady-state7.environments,accordingtostudy

publishedonlineinthejournalApplied8.CognitivePsychology.“Whenperformingachallengingmentaltask,doin9.silent.”saidleadingresearcherNickPerham.10.答案：1.able→ability2.participates→participants3.difference→different4.√5.listening∧music插入to6.of∧they插入whether7.accuracy→accurate8.to∧study插入the9.do∧in插入it10.silent→silence(B)Awomanwaswaitingatairportonenight.Shehuntedforabook,boughtabag1.ofcookiesandfoundaplacetosit.Shewasabsorbedherbookbuthappenedto2.seethatthemansittingbesideshegrabbedacookieortwofromthebaginbetween3.them.Shetriedtoignoreit.Asthegreedilycookiethiefkepteating,shemunched4.somecookiesandwatchedtheclock.Shewasgettingangrierastimewent,when5.onlyonewasleft,shewonderedhewoulddo.Withasmileonhisface,and6.nervouslaugh,hetookthelastcookieandbrokeinhalf.Heofferedherahalf,7.andatetheother.Shegrabbedit,madoveronhisnotshowinganygratitude.8.Havingboardedtheplane,shesankinherseat,lookingfortheirbook.Shefound9.herbagofcookiesinstead.“Ifmineishere,hetriedtosharehis!HowrudeIwas!”10.答案：1.at∧airport插入an2.absorbed∧her插入in3.she→her4.greedily→greedy5.went∧,插入by6.wondered∧he插入what7.broke∧in插入it8.on9.their→her10.√五、改錯：（5分鐘）I

like

reading

my

brother

likes

watching

TV.Mary

was

a

nice

girl,

butshe

had

one

shortcoming.Tom

got

up

early,

he

failed

to

catch

the

train.Becausehe

has

a

bad

coldsohe

is

not

at

school

today.My

sister

is

expecting

me，I

must

be

off

now.Youmustbecareful,youcrossamainroad.Hewentouttoplayfootballhehadfinishedhishomework.IlistentotheradiowhileIwalkeveryevening.Theyaresuchwonderfulplayersnoonecanbeatthem.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.答案：1.錯，reading∧my插入and/but/while；2.對；3.

錯，early,

∧he插入but/yet4.錯，去掉because或者so;5.me,∧I插入so6.錯；careful,∧you插入when7.錯；football∧he插入after8.√9.錯，players∧no插入that；10.√課后作業(yè)判斷下列單詞的詞性。zone,a,theirs,scarcely,with,vivid,could,three,look,iftense,would,others,ninth,at,severe,the,extremely,million,whileradiation,myself,absolutely,offend,oh,taste,expand,delay,an,might名詞(n.):______________________________________________________________________代詞(pron.):___________________________________________________________________形容詞(adj.):__________________________________________________________________副詞(adv.):____________________________________________________________________及物動詞(vt.):_________________________________________________________________不及物動詞(vi.):_______________________________________________________________系動詞(l.v.):__________________________________________________________________情態(tài)動詞(m.v.):_______________________________________________________________數(shù)詞(num.):___________________________________________________________________冠詞(art.):_____________________________________________________________________介詞(prep.):___________________________________________________________________連詞(conj.):___________________________________________________________________感嘆詞(interj.):_________________________________________________________________答案：名詞(n.):zone,look,tense,while,radiation,taste,delay,might代詞(pron.):theirs,others,myself形容詞(adj.):vivid,tense,severe副詞(adv.):scarcely,extremely,absolutely及物動詞(vt.):tense,offend,taste,expand,delay,不及物動詞(vi.):look,tense,offend,taste,expand,delay,系動詞(l.v.):look,taste,情態(tài)動詞(m.v.):could,would,might數(shù)詞(num.):three,ninth,million冠詞(art.):a,the,an,介詞(prep.):with,at連詞(conj.):if,while感嘆詞(interj.):oh判斷劃線部分的句子成分。Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.Theyappointedhimmanager.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.Idonotknowwhattodonext.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.Contrarytoourexpectation,thefunfairwasorganizedtenyearsago.Therearetwogirlsandaboyrunningontheplayground.Hisparentshaveworkedinthefactoryformorethantenyears.答案：主語謂語狀語主語系動詞表語主語謂語賓語補語主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語主語謂語賓語主語謂語賓語主語狀語謂語間接賓語直接賓語定語狀語主語謂語狀語表語系動詞主語定語主語謂語狀語狀語詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。(A)Ihateddinnerparties.ButImadea(1)__________(decide)togivethemanothertrybecauseI’minLondon.AndmyfriendMallery(2)__________(invitation)me.AndbecausethedinnerpartiesinLondonarevery(3)__________(difference)fromthoseinNewYork.InNewYork,“I’mhavingadinnerparty”means“I’mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucould(4)__________(hard)affordandwe’llbesharingthecheck(5)__________(even),whateveryoueat.”Worse,inManhattan,thereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They’llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,the(6)__________(host)willshout:“Whereareyougoing?”Andit’snotlikethatIcan’tsayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowsIhavenowheretogo.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople’shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsarean(7)__________(interest)mix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYork,themixislikea(8)__________(gather)atBloomingdale’s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.(9)__________(person),IthinkdinnerpartiesinLondonaremore(10)__________(impress)thanthis.答案：decisioninviteddifferenthardlyevenlyhostessinterestinggatheringPersonallyimpressive(B)Severalfactorsledtomy(1)__________(recently)caraccident.Firstofall,a(2)__________(heavily)snowandfreezingrainthathadfallenthedaybeforemadetheroadIwasdrivingondangerous.Theroadhadbeencleared,butitwasstill(3)__________(dangerous)icy.Despitetheslipperyroad,Iwas(4)__________(stupid)goingalongatabout50milesanhour,insteadofdrivingmore(5)__________(cautious).Anotherfactorwasa(6)__________(dirt)greenvanthat(7)__________(sudden)pulledontothero