高考英語(yǔ)話題復(fù)習(xí)一輪主題訓(xùn)練（二十三）人與環(huán)境人與動(dòng)植物Word版含解析

主題訓(xùn)練（二十三）人與環(huán)境、人與動(dòng)植物

大閱讀一提升閱讀速度,內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律（滿分70分，限時(shí)55分鐘）【.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）AStatementfromScholasticonFantasticBeastsandWheretoFindThemInthefirstprintingofthenewlyupdatedF^ntoZzcBeas^szznJW/z^ArtoFzn6/TTz^mbroughtoutbyScholastic,threesentencesfromtheoriginalsectiononHippogriffswereaccidentallyleftoff.Weregretthiserrorandwewanttopromiseourreadersthatthoseeditionsarenolongerbeingshippedandacorrectededitionisnowinprintandbeingshippedforallcurrentorders.Wewantthe//^r/7P<7rterfanswhoeagerlysecuredtheircopiesontheinitialprintingtobefullysatisfiedwiththeirpurchase.Therefore,anybookwiththemissingsentencescanbeexchangedforthenewerversionbyreturningthebooktoScholastic.Toexchangeyourcopyforthecorrectededition,pleasecallthecustomerservicedepartmentat877-226-l064,MondaythroughFriday,7amthrough6pmCentralTimetoreceiveaprepaidmailinglabel（標(biāo)簽）toreturnyourcopy.Wewillsendyouthecorrectededitionuponreceiptofthecopywiththemissingsentences.Wetakeprideintheentiretyofthebookswepublish,andwehavecorrectedthiserrorasquicklyaspossibleinawaythatwilladdressourreaders^oncernsmosteffectively.Weaskforourcustomers^nderstandingandsupportasweimprovethesituation.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。學(xué)樂(lè)出版社就最新出版的《神奇動(dòng)物在哪里》一書(shū)中的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)表了聲明。.WhatdoesScholasticdo?A.Awriter.B.Apublisher.C.Amagazine.D.Abookstore.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的關(guān)鍵詞printing,book,publish等可以得知，Scholastic是一家出版社。故選B。.Whatcanbelearntabouttheexchange?A?Itcanbeanold-for-newservice.B-Itismadeatcustomersfexpense.C?ItistargetedatH^r^P^Zterbuyers.D?Thecallforexchangecanbemadeeveryday.A.anxiousB.excitedC.stillD.curious解析：選C根據(jù)該句的內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合下文中的“unmoving”可推知，在這只花栗鼠靠近作者之前，作者放下它喜歡的食物，彎下腰，保持靜止不動(dòng)的狀態(tài)，以防嚇走花栗鼠。C項(xiàng)意為“靜止的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“焦慮的”；B項(xiàng)意為“興奮的”；D項(xiàng)意為“好奇的”。A.inpublicB.inplaceC.inreturnD.inturn解析：選B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及該句中的“unmoving”可知，作者將張開(kāi)的雙手保持在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢蒙?，一?dòng)不動(dòng)，這樣這只花栗鼠就知道作者不會(huì)去抓(grab)它。B項(xiàng)意為“在正確位置”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“公開(kāi)地”，C項(xiàng)意為“作為回報(bào)”，D項(xiàng)意為“依次”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。A.grabB.removeC.biteD.throw解析：選A參見(jiàn)上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“抓住”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“移開(kāi)”；C項(xiàng)意為“咬”；D項(xiàng)意為“扔”。A.InitiallyB.UnusuallyC.ObviouslyD.Finally解析：選D根據(jù)上文“Icontinueddoingthisforafewweeks",并結(jié)合該句“l(fā)ateinthatsecondsummer,Chipdidshowmoretrust”可知，最后，這只花栗鼠更加信任作者了。D項(xiàng)意為“最后，終于“，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“最初”；B項(xiàng)意為“特別地”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯狀”O(jiān)A.foundB.plantedC.offeredD.produced解析：選C一天，作者用指尖提供給它一粒種子時(shí)，它向作者靠近了。C項(xiàng)意為“提供”，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B項(xiàng)意為“種植”;D項(xiàng)意為“生產(chǎn)”。A.cautiouslyB.aggressivelyC.comfortablyD.confidently解析：選A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及下文“Itneverbitmyfingers”可知，花栗鼠謹(jǐn)慎地把種子放進(jìn)嘴里。A項(xiàng)意為“謹(jǐn)慎地”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“挑釁地”；C項(xiàng)意為“安逸地”；D項(xiàng)意為“自信地”。A.promiseB.breakthroughC.introductionD.experience解析：選B根據(jù)上文可知，花栗鼠開(kāi)始從作者的手中取食，而且沒(méi)有咬作者；結(jié)合該句可推知，作者和花栗鼠之間的信任取得了突破。B項(xiàng)意為“突破”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“承諾”；C項(xiàng)意為“介紹”；D項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)”。A.educations.discoveryC.routineD.resolution解析：選C根據(jù)上文可知，花栗鼠開(kāi)始從作者的手中取食，作者和花栗鼠之間的信任取得了突破；結(jié)合該句可推知，這種日常的行為進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)月之后，作者能更進(jìn)一步(接近它)了。C項(xiàng)意為“常規(guī)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“教育”，B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，D項(xiàng)意為“決議”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。A.knockedB.brushedC.rockedD.touched解析：選D根據(jù)該句“Withmyindexfinger,Iitsbackoncegently”可知，作者用食指輕輕地觸摸它的后背。D項(xiàng)意為“觸摸”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“敲，擊”，B項(xiàng)意為“刷”，C項(xiàng)意為“搖擺”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。A.runawayB.rushoutC.giveawayD.turnup解析：選A根據(jù)上文可知，花栗鼠開(kāi)始信任作者了；結(jié)合該句'TmnotevensureChipfeltit,butitdidnft"可推知，作者用食指觸摸它時(shí)，它沒(méi)有跑開(kāi)。A項(xiàng)意為“逃跑”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“趕制”；C項(xiàng)意為“泄露”；D項(xiàng)意為“偶然出現(xiàn)”。A.HoweverB.AgainC.SoD.Therefore解析：選B根據(jù)上文可知，作者觸摸花栗鼠的后背時(shí)，它并沒(méi)有逃跑，接著作者用兩個(gè)手指慢慢地輕撫它；結(jié)合該句中的“Chipstayedcalm,eatingseeds”可知，花栗鼠再次保持鎮(zhèn)靜。B項(xiàng)意為“再一次”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“然而”；C項(xiàng)意為“因此”；D項(xiàng)意為“所以”。A.admireB.supportC.petD.lift解析：選C根據(jù)上文可知，作者和花栗鼠之間建立了信任，作者用手指撫摸它，它沒(méi)有跑開(kāi)；結(jié)合該句可知，如今，作者一叫它的名字，這只花栗鼠就從躲藏的地方跑出來(lái)，讓作者撫摸它柔軟絲滑的身體。C項(xiàng)意為“撫摸”，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“贊賞”，B項(xiàng)意為“支持”，D項(xiàng)意為“舉起”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。A.walkedB.adoptedC.abandonedD.lost解析：選B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，一位朋友曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，在她收養(yǎng)了一只狗之后，她的血壓趨于正常(normal)了。B項(xiàng)意為“收養(yǎng)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“散步”；C項(xiàng)意為“放棄”；D項(xiàng)意為“丟失”。A.safetyB.originalC.logicD.normal解析：選D參見(jiàn)上題解析。D項(xiàng)意為“正常”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“安全”；B項(xiàng)意為“原件”；C項(xiàng)意為“邏輯”。A.calmerB.fasterC.quieterD.easier解析：選A根據(jù)上文中的“calmer”，并結(jié)合該句“IthinkI,too,feelfrommyinteractionswithChip”可推知，在同這只花栗鼠的交流過(guò)程中，作者也感到更加平靜了。A.sympathyB.motivationC.mercyD.respect解析：選D作者也更加尊重自然和它的生物，并發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)觀察、保護(hù)和拯救野生動(dòng)物。D項(xiàng)意為“尊重”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“同情”；B項(xiàng)意為“動(dòng)機(jī)”；C項(xiàng)意為“恩惠”。A.capacityB.contributionC.memoryD.comfort解析：選A根據(jù)上文可知，作者通過(guò)給花栗鼠喂食取得了它的信任；結(jié)合該句可知，最重要的是，作者驚訝于花栗鼠對(duì)自己信任的能力。A項(xiàng)意為“能力”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“貢獻(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“記憶”；D項(xiàng)意為“慰藉物”。精表達(dá)——夯實(shí)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)?提升表達(dá)能力I.單詞拼寫(xiě)Thefishwillbehelpfulinstudyingtheevolution（進(jìn)化）ofanimals..Besides,toomuchhuntingalsocausesthedisappearanceofcertainspecies（物種）.AlaskanEskimosbelievethateverylivingcreature（生物）possessesaspirit.Don'tforgettobringachemicaltokeepinsects（昆蟲(chóng)）away..Bamboo（竹子）isatalltropicalplantwithhollowstems..It^wrongforpeopletohuntanimalsfortheirmeatandfeather（習(xí)習(xí)毛），fortheyareourfriends.Inmyopinion,peoplegettheirgenes（基因）fromtheirparents.Thegrasslandisanimportanthabitat（棲息地）formanywildflowers..JohnwastravelingbyshiptoEuropewhenaterriblestorm（暴風(fēng)雨）came.Ibelievethatlwillfinallyseeawonderfulrainbow（彩虹）aftertherainydays!n.單句語(yǔ)法填空.Hewasworried,becausehelosthisbagcontaining（contain）hispassport,IDcardandalotofmoney..Cloned（clone）animalshaveashorterlifecomparedwiththeoriginalanimals..Weappreciateparticipating(participate)inthisactivity,whichhashelpedtobuildanemotionalconnectionbetweentheoldandtheyoung..Headmittedthemistakeandpromisedtomakeupfortheloss(lose)..Modernlifestyleandmodemwaysofproductionalsocausenoisepollution(pollute)..Havinglostenginepower,theboat^crewfoundthemselvesatthemercyofthewind..Alawhasbeenpassedtoprotectendangeredwildlifefromdying(die)out..Ifnotdealtwithproperly(proper),wastebatterieswillseriouslypollutetheundergroundwater..Thearticlediscussesthesurvival(survive)abilityofwildlifeduringwinter..Therearemoreandmoreendangered(endanger)animalsatpresent,sohowtoprotectthemhasbeenourtaskoftoppriority.HI.完成句子It'stimewetookmeasurestoprotecttherivcrfrombeirgpoHuted.是我們采取措施防止這條河流污染的時(shí)候了。Thenumberofplantsandanimalsontheeailhisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.地球上的植物和動(dòng)物的數(shù)量正變得越來(lái)越少。.Airandwatejarebeingpollutedsothatthoenvironmentinwhichanimalsliveisdastroyed.空氣和水正受到污染，以至于動(dòng)物生存的環(huán)境被破壞。IwonderifLlawswillbemadetopunishthosewhoinjureorevenkinanimalsmoreseverely.我想知道是否能制定一些法律來(lái)嚴(yán)懲那些傷害甚至殺死動(dòng)物的人。.Elephantswouldbeindangerofdyingoutifmenwereallowedtoshootasmanyastheywished.如果再允許人們隨心所欲地射殺大象，大象就會(huì)有滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。IV.書(shū)面表達(dá)(2021.昆明質(zhì)檢)假定你是校英文報(bào)社的記者李華，請(qǐng)你報(bào)道你校本周開(kāi)展的主題為“保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物”的征文活動(dòng)。內(nèi)容包括：?活動(dòng)目的；.征文情況。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：ThisweekourschooIheldanessaycontestwhosethemeisprotectingwildanimals.Thepurposeofthisactivityistoraisestudents^warenessofcaringforwildanimals,especiallyendangeredones.Theactivityattractedanumberofstudents.Atotalof300articleswerereceived,allofwhichweresubmittedthroughthelnternet.Therearedifferentstylesofessays,includingnovels,poems,andletters.Somestudentsexpressedtheirgreatconcernforthesituationofwildanimals,andothersputforwardawidevarietyofmeasurestoprotectthem.Thestudentshavecometorealizetheimportanceofprotectingwildanimalsthroughtheactivity.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“anybookw汕themissingsentences...byreturningthebooktoScholastic”及第三段中的“Wewillsendyouthecorrectededitionuponreceipt...sentences”可知，顧客要想更換新版本圖書(shū)，應(yīng)把有錯(cuò)誤的圖書(shū)退給Scholastic,可以說(shuō)這是一個(gè)以舊換新的服務(wù)。故選A。.WhydoesScholasticmakethisstatement?Toadvertiseanewlyreleasedbook.Toapologizeforsendingthewrongorder.C?Tocorrectamistakeandbegforunderstanding.D.Toappreciatereaders'feedbackonthebook.解析：選C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要是Scholastic就《神奇動(dòng)物在哪里》這本書(shū)中的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)表的聲明，該聲明旨在提出補(bǔ)救措施，并希望得到讀者的諒解。故選C。BThreeyearsago,WillGladstonestudiedtheendangeredblue-footedbooby（藍(lán)腳鯉鳥(niǎo)）inhisfifth-gradescienceclass.Helearneditspopulationhaddeclinedby50percentinthepast60years.Mostkidswouldhaveclosedtheirbooksandforgottenabouttheendangeredbird.ButnotWill.Hewasattractedbythis^reallycoolbird”.Willwantedtodosomethingtohelp,andbeganstaringathisfeet.Hecameupwiththeideaofsellingbluesocks,soeveryonecouldhavebluefeetliketheblue-footedbooby.Hisdadhelpedfindsomeonetomakethesocks,andtheyheldalogo（標(biāo)識(shí)）contestonline.HisyoungerbrotherMattyalsowantedtobeapartoftheproject,andcameupwithTheBlueFeetFoundation（BFF）name.Together,theboyswerereadytoraisemoneytohelpsavetheblue-footedbooby.Atfirst,noonetookthetwokidsseriously,anditwasthreemonthsbeforetheysoldanysocks.However,theyhavenowsoldmorethan3,000pairsofsocks,withorderscominginfromall50statesandacross30countries.Theyhavealreadyraisedmorethan$40,000fortheircause.And,in2017,theyfundedanexplorationforDrDavidJ.Anderson,aworld-famousexpertinblue-footedboobies,tostudythepopulationdecline.TheBFFhasalsoattractedalargefollowingonsocialmedia.Theirfollowerspostphotoswearingthefoundation^signaturebluesocksmakingappearancesallovertheworld,includingtheGrandCanyon,theGreatWallofChinaandStonehenge."Morepeopleknowabouttheblue-footedboobybecauseofus,“saysMatty.Bothboysunderstandtheimpactofgivingbacktothecommunity.uWeneedtoinspirepeopletohelpeveryoneelse,sotheworldgetsbetter,“Mattysays.Asforthefutureofthefoundation,Mattysays,uIhopewegooutofbusiness,becausethatmeanswesavedtheblue-footedbooby.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。Will在課堂上了解到瀕臨滅絕的藍(lán)腳鯉鳥(niǎo)，深受觸動(dòng)。為拯救這種鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，他與弟弟Matty一起創(chuàng)辦了公益組織，并取得了一定的成功。.WhatdidWilldotohelptheblue-footedbooby?A?Hedistributedbooksaboutit.B.Hesoldbluesockstoraisemoneyforit.C?Hemadeexplorationswithexpertsinit.D.Heheldcontestsonlineforideasofprotectingit.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Willwantedtodosomethingtohelp,andbeganstaringathisfeet.Hecameupwiththeideaofsellingbluesocks”以及utheboyswerereadytoraisemoneytohelpsavetheblue-footedboobyn可知，Will想至I了通過(guò)賣(mài)藍(lán)色襪子來(lái)籌錢(qián)保護(hù)藍(lán)腳鯉鳥(niǎo)。.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.TheadvantageoftheBFF.ThepurposeoftheBFF.ThefoundationoftheBFF.ThesuccessoftheBFF.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“theyhavenowsoldmorethan3,000pairsofsocks...Theyhavealreadyraisedmorethan$40,000fortheircause.And,in2017,theyfundedanexplorationforDrDavidJ.Anderson...tostudythepopulationdecline”可知，本段主要想說(shuō)明他們創(chuàng)辦的組織很成功。6.WhatdoesMattyexpectoftheBFF?A?Ifllfinallyclosedown.It'llincludemoreexpertsinbirds.Itllsaveotherendangeredspecies.Itllexpanditsbusinesstomorecountries.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，對(duì)于藍(lán)腳基金會(huì)的未來(lái)，Matty希望它會(huì)破產(chǎn)，因?yàn)檫@意味著藍(lán)腳鯉鳥(niǎo)不再瀕危，不再需要拯救。7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A?Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.B,Evenkidscanmakeadifferencetotheworld.C.Gettingclosetobirdsaddstothejoyofkids'life.D?Successisoftenfollowedbygivingbacktosociety.解析：選B推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了Will在五年級(jí)時(shí)和弟弟Matty一起創(chuàng)辦了公益組織，拯救瀕臨滅絕的藍(lán)腳婚鳥(niǎo)，并取得了一定成功。由此可推知，即使是孩子也能對(duì)世界有所影響。cDoyoueverwonderwhytreesbegintobud（發(fā)芽）earlierinsomecities?Scientistsfinallyfoundtheanswerbutit^notverypleasant.Newsciencesuggestsarelationshipbetweenlightpollutionandthetimingwhentreesproducebuds,whichsignalsthearrivalofthespringseason.LightpollutionisdefinedbytheLightingResearchCenterastheunwantedconsequenceofbutdoorlightingsuchasstreetlights.Excessive（過(guò)多的）man-madelightatnightresultsindisturbednaturalcycles,andalsopreventstheobservationofstarsandplanetsatnight.Butitseffectontheenvironmentgoesbeyondthat.Bystudyingsometrees,researchersfoundoutthattreesthataremoreexposedtoartificiallightingatnightbudupto7.5daysearlierthanthoseatthenaturalnighttimesetting.Andtheyfoundoutthatlighthadamoresignificantelfectthantemperaturewhenthebudscameout.Theearlybuddingmaycauseproblemsforinsects,whichfeedonleaves,andthebirdswhichthenfeedontheminturn.ProfessorRichardFfrench-Constant,whohelpedleadtheresearch,explained,thatmorethanthebuddingoftrees,thestudyimpliesthedangertothebalanceoftheecosystem.uAtthemoment,caterpillarsaretimedtohatchtomakethemostoftheopportunitiestofeedonfreshlybuddedleaves,andbirdshatchintimetofeedontheyoungcaterpillar,“hesaid.Migratory（遷徙的）birdsarealsonegativelyaffectedbylightpollution.Theglaremightconfusethemandmakethemlosetheirflyingsense.Thephenomenonmightexplainwhysomebirdsaccidentallyknockintobuildings.Suchresultsstresstheneedtopursuestudiesthataimtomeasuretheeffectoflightpollution.Iftheissuewerelefttocontinue,itisestimatedthatby2100,springwouldbeginalmostafullmonthearlierthanitdoestoday.語(yǔ)篇解讀：這是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。由于光污染，在某些城市春天來(lái)得比往年要早，這給動(dòng)植物造成了不同程度的影響。8.Whatwillhappenifthereistoomuchman-madelight?A?People^eyesightwillbedamaged.B.Theecosystemwilllikelyloseitsbalance.C?Nostarsorplanetsmaybeobservedatnight.D.Animalslivinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Excessive（過(guò)多的）man-madelightatnightresultsindisturbednaturalcyclesv及第三段中的“thestudyimpliesthedangertothebalanceoftheecosystem^^可知，過(guò)多的人造光會(huì)干擾自然循環(huán)，使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失去平衡。故選B項(xiàng)。9.Howdoestheearlybuddingaffectinsectsorplants?A?Itwillcausetherisingnumberofinsects.B.Itcouldleadtotreesgrowingfewerleaves.C?Itmayresultinsomeinsectsgoinghungry.D?Itmightpushinsectstohatchmoreslowly.解析：選C推理判斷題。第三段先提到樹(shù)木發(fā)芽早可能會(huì)給昆蟲(chóng)和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)帶來(lái)問(wèn)題，下面提到正常情況是毛蟲(chóng)按照有機(jī)會(huì)吃新鮮樹(shù)葉的時(shí)間孵化出來(lái)，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)孵化出來(lái)剛好能吃上幼毛蟲(chóng)，如果樹(shù)木發(fā)芽早了，那后孵化的毛蟲(chóng)就吃不上新鮮樹(shù)葉，可能會(huì)挨餓或餓死，而剛孵化的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的食物——幼毛蟲(chóng)也可能減少，由此推知，樹(shù)木發(fā)芽早可能導(dǎo)致一些昆蟲(chóng)挨餓。10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?Theeffectoflightpollutionisdestructive.B,Thespringof21OOwillbecomemuchlonger.C.Lightpollutionshouldbetakenseriously.D,Afurtherstudyonlightpollutionisscheduled.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段可知，如果任由光污染問(wèn)題繼續(xù)下去，估計(jì)到2100年，春天會(huì)比現(xiàn)在提前將近一整月。這些變化當(dāng)然會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境、生態(tài)和人類(lèi)造成巨大的影響，而且文中提到現(xiàn)在迫切需要進(jìn)行旨在估量光污染的影響的研究，因此我們肯定需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待光污染的問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A?WhyspringcomesearlierinsomecitiesWhylightpollutionneedstobestudiedC?Howtrees^arlybuddingtakesplaceD.Howmuchlightis^toomuch^^解析：選A標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者主要講的是由于光污染，在一些城市樹(shù)木發(fā)芽早，即春天來(lái)得比往年要早，以及這給動(dòng)植物造成的不同程度的影響。因此A項(xiàng)最能概括文章的大意。D（2021?合肥質(zhì)檢）Trees,someofthetallestintheworld,toweredaboveHannahGriffithsandhercolleagueseachmorningastheywalkeddeepintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBorneo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcreatures:termites（白蟻）.Termitesgetabumra2.TheymakeheadlinesforchewingupbillionsofdollarsofpropertyeachyearintheU.S.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethingliketwopercentofglobalcarbonemissions,simplyasaresultoftheirhugepopulationsandpreferenceforchewingthroughcarbon-richmaterials.Awholeindustryisaimingatkillingthem.Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropical（熱帶的）forests,termiteschewupfallenleavesanddeadwood,keepingthefallenmaterialundercontrolandlettingnutrientsfromthedeadmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Buttheydidn^knowexactlyhowimportanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sotheyremovedtermitesfromaparticularspotintheforestandsawhowitresponded.Asluckwouldhaveit,HannahGriffithsandhercolleaguesstartedtheirexperimentwhentheforestwashitbyanextremedrought.Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawtherewasn^muchdifferencebetweenthenormalplotsandtheoneswherethey'dremovedthetermites.Butduringthedrought,theeffectsweremarked.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreeseedlingssprouted（抽芽）,andthesystemwasfullofactivitydespitethelong,harddryspell.ForGriffiths,itwasonlybecausetheyhappenedtostudythedroughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystem,shepointsout.uAndthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,“shesays,"becauseitmakesmethink,well,whatelsedon'tweknow?Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,wedon*tknowwhatthatwilldo.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。白蟻因每年在美國(guó)吞噬數(shù)十億美元的房產(chǎn)而登上新聞?lì)^條，它們的碳排放量約占全球的2%。人們想要消滅白蟻。但是科學(xué)家通過(guò)做試驗(yàn)表明，白蟻對(duì)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的作用是不可估量的。.Whichofthefdllowingbestexplainstcabumrap^underlinedinParagraphZ?A.Unfairblame.B.Widepopularity.C?Publicattention.D.Specialpreference.解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句和第三段第一^“Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems”可知，白蟻因每年在美國(guó)吞噬數(shù)十億美元的房產(chǎn)而登上新聞?lì)^條，人們想殺死它們，但它們?cè)谠S多自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵的作用，由此可推知，畫(huà)線詞所在句表示白蟻受到了不公平的責(zé)備。.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?A?Theydoseriousharmtotropicalrainforests.B?Theycontributealottotheecosystemtheylivein.C?Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insectsandanimals.D.Theyspeedupthelossofnutritionintherainforest.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對(duì)第三段的整體理解，尤其是第二句中的“termiteschewupfallenleaves...byotherplants,insects,andanimals”可知，白蟻會(huì)啃食落葉和枯木，并讓枯木中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)重新進(jìn)入生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，供其他植物、昆蟲(chóng)和動(dòng)物使用。由此可知，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)知道白蟻對(duì)它們居住的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)貢獻(xiàn)很大。.WhatcanweinferfromthefindingofGriffiths'experiment?A?Termiteshelprainforestssurviveclimatechange.B?Termitespreferdroughtyearstonon-droughtones.Termitesbenefitmorefromtheforestduringthedrought.Termitesenjoyeatingtreeseedlingsduringthedrought.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句"Whattheyfoundwas...harddryspell”可知，在白蟻密集的地區(qū)，土壤保持濕潤(rùn)，更多的樹(shù)苗抽芽，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在漫長(zhǎng)干旱的時(shí)期充滿活力。由此可推知，白蟻幫助雨林渡過(guò)氣候變化。15.WhatdoesGriffithstellusinthelastparagraph?A?Termitesarenowindangerofextinction.B.Termitesdamagebiologicalcommunities.C?Weshouldthinktwicebeforedamagingaspecies.D?Weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段，尤其是“Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,wedon'tknowwhatthatwilldo”可知，如果我們開(kāi)始破壞生物群落，我們不知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么，由此可推知，Griffiths在最后一段告訴我們?cè)谄茐囊粋€(gè)物種之前，先要考慮到會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果。II.閱讀七選五（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）IfyouattendtheYangtzeRiverlntangibleCulturalHeritageExhibition,youwillfindithardtoforgetthetreasuresdisplayedthere.That^becauseallofthem,fromdelicatewoodcarvingstothefragrantWestLakeLongjingTea,areculturalachievementsofChinesepeople.j6.Let'shaveadeeplookatthegreatrivercivilization.Longregardedasastatesymbol,Chineseembroidery（刺繡）tookrootsintheYangtzeRiverValley.Thinkofthe4mostfamoustypesofembroideriesinChina:SuXiufromJiangsu,ShuXiufromSichuan,XiangXiufromHunanandYueXiufromGuangdong.17.WalkingalongsidetheYangtzeRiver,youmayhearsingersinboatschantingsimplesongscontainingpowerfullyrics.Thisistheancientmusicknownashaozi,whichboatmensingtounifytheirrowingrhythm.j8.Itisarecordofhistory,whichshouldbekeptandcarriedforward.19.Itwasoriginallystartedtoworshipthedragontotem（圖騰）bythepeopleoftheoldWuyuearea.AftertheWarringStatesPeriod,thefestivalwasinhonorofthepoetQuyuan,wholivedintheancientstateofChu.Sofar,11citiesalongtheYangtzeRiverhavesignedanagreementtoprotecttheintangibleculturalheritagesalongtheriver.20.Thismoveisabigsteptowardmakingsureournation'sculturalwonderswillbealiveformoregenerations.A?ThereisatraditionalChinesefairytaleB?TheyarepricelesstreasuresinJiangsuProvinceC?DragonBoatFestivaloriginatedfromtheYangtzeRiverTheyarealsoreflectionsofthelonghistoryoftheYangtzeRiverItwillpromotecooperationandinspireintegration（整合）amongthecitiesHearingitislesscommontoday,butit'sstillasymboloftheYangtzeRiverYouwillrealizethatthreeofthemoriginatefromcitiesalongtheYangtzeRiver語(yǔ)篇解讀：文章介紹了中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江流域的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)——中國(guó)刺繡、號(hào)子、端午節(jié)等。目前，長(zhǎng)江流域沿線的11座城市已經(jīng)簽署協(xié)議共同保護(hù)長(zhǎng)江流域的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，這一舉措是為確保我們國(guó)家的文化奇觀能夠世代流傳所邁出的一大步。.選D根據(jù)后文圍繞著長(zhǎng)江流域的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)展開(kāi)可知，該處應(yīng)選擇承上啟下的句子，引出這些遺產(chǎn)與長(zhǎng)江流域的關(guān)系。D項(xiàng)中的They指代前文中的“thetreasures”,與上一句中的“anofthem”指代相同,且D項(xiàng)中的also表明不只是像前文所提到的“它們是中國(guó)人的文化成就“，它們同時(shí)也是長(zhǎng)江流域悠久歷史的反映。.選G該段前文提到中國(guó)刺繡扎根于長(zhǎng)江流域和中國(guó)的四大名繡。設(shè)空處應(yīng)體現(xiàn)四大名繡與長(zhǎng)江流域的緊密關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)中的threeofthem表明四大名繡中的三個(gè)發(fā)源于長(zhǎng)江沿岸的城市。.選F該段介紹了“號(hào)子”這一長(zhǎng)江流域的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，它是船夫吟唱的簡(jiǎn)單曲調(diào)。選項(xiàng)中只有F項(xiàng)中的Hearingit與該段內(nèi)容相關(guān)，且F項(xiàng)中的"it'sstillasymboloftheYangtzeRiver"與后文的"shouldbekeptandcarriedforward”相呼應(yīng)。.選C根據(jù)該段中的“thedragontotem"和“thepoetQuyuan”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，該段介紹的是端午節(jié)（DragonBoatFestival）。.選E設(shè)空處前一句提到“長(zhǎng)江沿岸的11座城市已經(jīng)簽署協(xié)