2010年考研英語一真題

2010年全國碩士研究生入學一致考試英語試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（）foreachnumberedblanksandmarkA，，CorDonANSWERSHEET1。(10points）。BIn1924America’sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone—partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago。Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting____1____workers’productivity。Instead,thestudiesended____2____givingtheirnametothe”Hawthorneeffect"，theextremelyinfluentialideathattheverytobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior。Theideaarosebecauseofthe____4____behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto____5____oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased，butalsowhenitwasdimmed。Itdidnot____6____whatwasdoneintheexperiment;____7____somethingwaschanged,productivityrose。A(n)____8____thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe____9____toalterworkers'behavior____10____itself.Afterseveraldecades，thesamedatawere____11____toeconometrictheanalysis。Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore____12____thedescriptionsonrecord，nosystematic____13____wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto____14____interpretationofwhathapped.____15____，lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday。WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output____16____rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayandtoriseforthenextcoupleofdays。____18____,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday，workers____19____tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase，before____20____aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffectdown.1。［A]affected［B］achieved[C］extracted［D］restored2.［A]at［B］up［C］with[D］off3。[A］truth[B］sight［C]act［D]proof4.［A］controversial［B]perplexing［C]mischievous[D］ambiguous

”ishardto1/155。[A]requirements［B］explanations［C］accounts［D]assessments6。[A]conclude[B］matter［C］indicate［D］work7。［A]asfaras[B］forfearthat[C]incasethat［D］solongas8。[A］awareness［B]expectation[C］sentiment[D]illusion9。[A]suitable［B]excessive［C］enough[D］abundant10。［A]about[B］for[C]on[D］by11。［A]compared［B］shown[C］subjected[D］conveyed12。［A]contraryto[B]consistentwith［C]parallelwith［D]peculiarto13。［A］evidence［B］guidance［C］implication［D]source14.［A]disputable［B］enlightening[C］reliable［D]misleading15。［A］Incontrast［B］Forexample[C］Inconsequence［D]Asusual16.[A］duly[B］accidentally［C]unpredictably［D］suddenly17。［A］failed［B］ceased[C］started［D]continued20。［A]breaking［B］climbing[C］surpassing［D］hittingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing［A］，［B］，［C］or[D］。MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish—languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter—century,perhapsthemostfar—reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh—qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig—citynewspapers。Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews。Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies。2/15WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII，atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt—cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar—offdays，itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered。Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly，likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout。Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling，andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress?！癝ofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism，"Newmanwrote，“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalismas’‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare?！?Unfortunately，thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus，whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975，isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket。Duringhislifetime,though，hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics，astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947）becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967，thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint，andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’criticismwillenjoyarevival？Theprospectseemsremote。Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover，theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat。21。ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that[A］artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig—citynewspapers。[B］English—languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews。C］high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders。［D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies。22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle。[C]elaboratelayout。［D］radicalviewpoints.23。WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon？［A］Itiswriters’todutyfulfilljournalisticgoals[B］Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.3/15C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.D］Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.24。WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs？[A］Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute。[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.[D］Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.25。Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays［B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C］MournfulDeclineofJournalism［D］ProminentCriticsinMemoryText2Overthepastdecade，thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods。Areceivedoneforits”one—click”onlinepayment。MerrillsystemLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy。Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness—methodpatents，whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago。Inamovethathasintellectual—propertylawyersabuzztheU。S。courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness—methodpatents。InreBilski，asthecaseisknown,is”averybigdeal”,saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It”hasthepotentialretoeliminateanenticlassofpatents?！盋urbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout—face，becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso—calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual—fundassets。Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness—methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions。Later，moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch。In2005，IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business—methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem。Similarly，someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts，evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。4/15TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket。TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges，ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree，andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril，forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor”inventions”that。areTheobviousjudgesontheFederalcircuitare”reacting-patoentthetrendantiattheSupremeCourt"，saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.26。Business—methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof[A］theirlimitedvaluetobusiness［B］theirconnectionwithassetallocation[C］thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting［D］thecontroversyoverauthorization27。WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?A］Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[B]ItinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactionC］IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D］ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S。28.Theword”outab-face"（Line1，Para3）mostprobablymeans［A］lossofgoodwill[B］increaseofhostility［C］changeofattitude[D］enhancementofdignity29。Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness—methodpatents［A］areimmunetolegalchallenges［B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued[C］lowertheesteemforpatentholders［D］increasetheincidenceofrisks30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext？[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness—methodpatentsB]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholdersC]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatentsD］Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness—methodpatentsText3InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals，oftencalledinfluentials，who5/15areunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected。Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread。Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe”twostepflowofcommunication：Informationflows”fromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse。Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials，thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem。Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands，orneighborhoods。Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing，promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention。AnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrendsIntheirrecentwork，however，someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed。Infact，theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall.Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia，notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers。Yetitispreciselythesenon—celebrityinfluentialswho，accordingtothetwo—step—flowtheory，aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however，eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances，whomustinturninfluencetheirs，andsoon；andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential。Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant，forexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffect。manypeopleBuildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced。Ourworkshowsthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatwecall"globalcascadesthe”widespread–propagationofinfluencethroughnetworks–isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut，rather，ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople,eachofwhomadopts，say,alookorabrandafterbeingexposedtoasingleadoptingneighbor。Regardlessofhowinfluentialanindividualislocally，heorshecanexertglobalinfluenceonlyifthiscriticalmassisavailabletopropagateachainreaction.6/1531.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint，theauthorintendstoA]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemicsB］discussinfluentials'functioninspreadingideas［C］exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemicsD］describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials。32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthestep”-flowtwotheory—”A］servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems［B］hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends［C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials［D］requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity33。WhattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthatA］thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractionsB]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia[C］influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublicD］mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention34.Theunderlinedphrase"thesepeople"inparagraph4referstotheoneswho［A］stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence［B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence［C］areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers［D］areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential35.whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence？[A］Theeagernesstobeaccepted［B］Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers［C］Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D］TheinclinationtorelyonothersText4Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard—setters。Theirrules,moanthebanks，haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses，andit’sjustnot。fairTheserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay，notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunately，banks'lobbyingnowseemstobeworking。Thedetailsmaybeunknowable，buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets，isbeingcompromised.And，unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthat7/15attractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult。AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges。Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong—termassetsintheirincomestatement。BobHerz,theFASB'schairman，criedoutagainstthosewho”questionourmotives。”Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycallsuseofjudgmentbymanagement?！盓uropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard（IASB）dolikewise。TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning，butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid”notliveinapoliticalvacuum”but”intherealword"andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets。Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses，becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears。Butbank’ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue，suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical。Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses，yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains。Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith。America’sewnplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive。Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters。TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat，cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions，forexample，againsthostilityfromspecialinterests。Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions。36。Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto［A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules［B］collectpaymentsfromthirdparties［C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D］reevaluatesomeoftheirassets.37。Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin［A］thediminishingroleofmanagement［B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebanks’-termlongassetlosses［D]theweakeningofitsindependence38.AccordingtoParagraph4，McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'sattemptto［A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences。［B］evadethepressurefromtheirpeers。8/15[C］actontheirowninrule-setting。[D］takegradualmeasuresinreform。39。Theauthorthinksthebankswere"onthewrongplanet”inthattheyA］misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassetsC］neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts。D］deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets。40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof[A]satisfaction.[B］skepticism。[C］objectiveness［D］sympathyPartBDirections:ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext。ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced。Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext。MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。（10points）［A］Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer’sgrowingpreferenceforeating；outtheconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2005。Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope，comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent。Meanwhile，astherecessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.［B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill，leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow。Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess，andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket？Definitelynot。Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer，ratherthantheseller，todecidewhattobuy。Atanyrate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold。9/15D］Allinall，thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale，existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges，logistics，andmarketingintelligence。RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole。Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories。BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.E］Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined—France,Germany,Italy，andSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks。Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources：independentmom-and—popgrocerystoreswhich，unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers，andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon’eatathome。Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas”horeca":，restaurants,hotelsandcafes。Overall，Europe’swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket，butthefigures，whenaddedtogether，masktwoopposingtrends。［F］Forexample，wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo＄268billioninFrance，Germany，Italy,Spain，andtheUnitedKingdomin2000—morethan40percentofretailsales。Moreover，averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail；wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate。G］However，noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers（andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers）fromtryingtheirhand，forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains。41→42→43→44→E→45PartCDirections：ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese。YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2。（10points)Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthat10/15mostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand，ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity，theyareentitledtocontinuance。Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing。(46）Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem。theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid。Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday。Wehavenolandethicyet,（47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright，regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.parallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish—eatingbirds。(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak，orthattheypreyonlyon"worthless?！眘peciesSomespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics—mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly，orhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimbercrops。（49）InEurope，whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenon—commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity，tobepreservedassuch,withinreason。Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.（50)Ittendstoignore，andthuseventuallytoeliminate，manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue，butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes，falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts。SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions：Youaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization，youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.Youshouldwriteabout100words。Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"postgraduateassociation”instead.PartB11/1552。Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay，youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2）explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3）giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.（20points）12/152010年全國碩士研究生入學一致考試英語試題答案SectionI:UseofEnglish（10points）1。A2。B3。C4。B5.C6。B7.D8。A9。C10。D11。C12.A13.A14。D15.B16.A17.D18。C19。B20.DSectionII：ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA（40points）21。B22.C23.D24.A25。A26。D27.D28.C29.B30.A31.B32。D33。A34。C35。C36.A37.D38.C39。B40。APartB（10points）41.B42。F43.D44.G45。APartC(10points）46.科學____們提出一些明顯站不住腳的憑據(jù)迅速來拯救，其____意是：若是鳥類無法控制害蟲,那么這些害蟲就會吃光我們人類。47。但我們最少幾乎也認同這樣一點：無論鳥類可否給我們帶來經(jīng)濟上的好處,但鳥類作為生物其固有的權益應該連續(xù)存在。48。曾幾何時,生物學____們有點過分使用這個憑據(jù),即這些物種經(jīng)過殺死體質弱者來保持獵物的正常繁衍或許這些生物捕殺的不過是毫無價值的物種.49。在歐洲，林業(yè)在生態(tài)方面更加發(fā)達，無商業(yè)價值的樹種被看作是原生森林群落的一部分,而獲取合理的保護.50。這一系統(tǒng)易于忽視，所以最后會除掉去這個土地共同體里的好多要素(成員）,雖然這些要素（成員)缺乏商業(yè)價值，但這些要素（成員）對這個共同體的健康運行來說是必要的.SectionIII：Writing（30points)PartA(10points）13/1551。參照范文VolunteersWanted/NeededAnint