大學(xué)英語(yǔ)-大學(xué)課程新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)教案

新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)教案Unit1SectionATheTemptationofaRespectableWomanTeachingObjectives:Words,PhrasesandExpressionsoftheText(stressontheword-formation,andtheusageofthephrasesandtheexpressions).SentenceStructure(theusageof“mighthavedoneorcouldhavedone";and"So+Subject+VorSo+V+SubjectM).TextStructure(story-writinginchronologicalorder).TeachingProcedure:Pre-readingActivity(lOminutes)Whatdoesitmeanbytheword“templation"and"respeciable”？Whatdoesitmeanbythetitle'TheTemptationofaRespectableWoman”？(Groupwork)While-readingActivityAskstudentssomesignpostquestionstoeachparagraphtoseehowwellthestudentsunderstandeachparagraph.(SomeofthequestionsareonP.8Comprehensionofthetext)LanguagePoints:(refertoteachers,book).Mrs.Barodawasalittleannoyedtolearn...Pleasenotethat“annoyed:ismodifiedby"alittle"."annoyed^^canalsobemodifiedbyotheradverbs,like“somewhat/very/abit/pretty/much/rather/quite"，etc.e.g.Iwasabitannoyed,forIforgottoputyournameonshecouldunderstandhimnobetterthanatfirst.Here“no"mans“notatall”,andcanbeusedasanadverbbeforecomparatives,e.g.Theexamisnomoredifficultthanthetestsyou'vebeendoinginclasssheimposedhercompanyuponhim,...imposeone'scompany/oneself7upon/onsb.;forceone'scompanyoroneselfonsb.e.g.Don'timposeyourcompany/yourselfonpeoplewhodon'tlikeyou.“Youarefullofsurprises/'hesaidtoher.Befullofsurprises:dounexpectedthingse.g.She'salwaysfullofsurprisesthelastthinghewoulddesireorexpect.Thelastthing:(1).sth.thatisdesiredintheleaste.g.Thelastthingheneededrightthenwasmorebadnewsabouthisson.sth.thatistakenasthelastonee.g.MyfeelingwasthatifthiswasthelastthingIwasgoingtodo,Iwantedtobeofsomevalue..Butthepoorfellowisrundownbytoomuchworknow.Rundown:(causeto)declineinphysicalcondition;weakenorexhaustinmindorvigore.g.Hishealthrandowntoadangerouslevelmadesomeroutineobservationsupontheunhealthyeffect...Ameaninglesssuccessionofverbsnouns,adverbsandadjectives...asuccessionof:anumberofpeopleorthingsfollowingeachothercloselye.g.Thereasonisthatasuccessionofstatisticssuggestarapidlyweakeningeconomy..Shewantedreachoutherhandinthedarknessandtouchhim whichshemighthavedoneifshehadnotbeenarespectablewoman.Notethestructure“mighthavedone:isusedtosaythatifaparticularthinghadhappened,thentherewasapossibilityofsomethingelsehappening.Thestructure“couldhavedone“canalsobeusedinthisway.e.g.Shesaiditmighthavebeenallright,iftheweatherhadbeengood.Hecouldhavegotticketsifhehadarrivedthereearlier..Butshedidnotyieldtothetemptation.Yieldto:giveinto;decidetodosth.becauseonecannotresistthetemptation.e.g.Plentyofmysterieshavelastedforcenturiesandfinallyyieldedtoexplanationshewasalsoaverysensibleone.sensible:reasonable,practicalandabletojudgethingswelle.g.1thinkit'saverysensiblesuggestion.Compare:sensitive:(ofpeople)easilyupset,esp.bythingsthataresaidordone;(ofthings)causingpeopletobeupsetorproducingadifficultorembarrassingsituatione.g.Herreplyshowedthatshewasverysensitivetocriticismtrulyhedidnotdeserveit.Deserve:(notusedintheprogressivetenses)ifsb,/sth.deservessth.,itisrightthattheyshouldhaveit,becauseofthewaytheyhavebehavedorbecauseofwhattheyaree.g.Thereportdeservescarefulconsideration.Oneplayerinparticulardeservesamention.Hedeservestobelockedupforeverforwhathedid.C.Post-readingActivity1.Askstudentstosumupthemainideaofthetextandtoanalyzethewritingtechniquesofthetext.TextStructureAnalysisWritinginchronologicalorderiscommoninnarrative,whereeventsarepresentedaccordingtotimesequence.Thiskindofwritingismuchusedintellingstories,inbriefbiographicalandautobiographicalsketches.Thisreadingpassageismadeupofseveralepisodesarrangedaccordingtotimesequenceeventhoughtheauthoremploysmanydifferentwritingtechniques,especiallycause-and-effectindevelopingtheepisodes.Lookatthefollowingchartandyouwillfindthatthestoryisstructuredaccordingtotimesequenceasawhole.1.ThefirstpartofthepassageisParagraph1,whichisthegeneralsituationofthestoryandalsothestartingpointofthestory.Mrs.Barodawasalittleannoyedthatherhusband'sfriend,Gouvemail,wastospendaweekortwoontheirplantation.2.Thesecondpartconsistsof9paragraphs,fromParagraph2toParagraph10,tellinguswhathappenedandinformingusaboutMrs.Baroda'simpressionsofherguest—Gouvemail.Thedescriptionsarepresentedinchronologicalorder.Paragraph2dealswithMrs.Baroda'simpressionofherguest—shewasfeelingpuzzled,notbeingabletopenetratehersilentguest.Paragraphs3to10areaboutaconversationbetweenMr.andMrs.Barodaconcerningtheirguest—Gouvemail.Mrs.BarodawastroubledtofindGouvemailaterriblenuisance—notamanofwit,butadullmandifficulttounderstand.Timemarkers:afterafewdays,then,oneday,inthemorning,until,etc.3.Thethirdpartismadeupof9paragraphs,fromParagraph11toParagraph19,concentratingonwhathappened“thatnight”.Theauthorusesasuccessionofverbsandadverbstodescribewhathappenedthatnightinchronologicalorder.Inthispart,theauthoralsodescribessomesortofemotionalchangeinMrs.Barodabutallthiscamealongwithasuccessionofactions.Timemarkers:thatnight,thenextmorning,then,when,etc.4.ThefourthpartisParagraph20only.Paragraph20isaboutwhathappenedthedayafter4tthatnight”.Thenextmorning,Mrs.Barodatookanearlytrainwithoutevensayingfarewell.ShedidnotreturnuntilGouvernailwasgone.Timemarkers:thenextmorning,notreturnuntil5.ThefifthpartisParagraph21.Paragraph21describeswhathappenedduringthetimeafter“thatnight”.Duringthesummerthatfollowed,Mr.BarodagreatlydesiredthathisfriendshouldcometovisitthemagainbutthiswasvigorouslyopposedbyMrs.Baroda.Timemarker:duringthesummerthatfollowed6.ThesixthpartconsistsofParagraph22toParagraph24,whichisthecontinuingpartofthestory,still,accordingtotimesequence.Beforetheyearended,Mrs.BarodaproposedtohaveGouvernailvisitthemagainasshehadovercomeeverything.Timemarker:beforetheyearendedUnit2SectionACharlieChaplinTeachingObjectivesWords,PhrasesandExpressionsoftheText(stressontheword-formation,andtheusageofthephrasesandtheexpressions).SentenceStructure(a:inversionofthesentence;b:Itis+adj.todo...).TextStructure(acentraltopic/ideasupportedbydifferentaspects/details).TeachingProcedure:Pre-readingActivity(lOminutes)WhatdoyouknowaboutCharlieChaplin?WhatdoyouwanttoknowaboutCharlieChaplin?(Pairwork)While-readingActivityAskstudentssomesignpostquestionstoeachparagraphtoseehowwellthestudentsunderstandeachparagraphandtrainSsskimmingability.(SomeofthequestionsareonP.37Comprehensionofthetext)LanguagePoints:(refertoteachers,book).cutdown:reducethesizeof(sth.suchasclothing,writing,etc.)e.g.Icouldcutyourfather'strousersdownfortheboy.Yourarticlewillhavetobecutdowntofitintothebook.They'vecutherhoursdownatworksoshedoesn*thavemuchmoney.Ifanarticleistoolongforthespaceallocated,youhavetocutitdown...forgood:permanently;forevere.g.Thistimeshe*sleavingforgood.這一次她將是永遠(yuǎn)地高開(kāi)了。Fdlikeanexcusetogetridofhimforgood.我需要一個(gè)借口將他永久開(kāi)除。Afewshotsofthisdrugclearedupthediseaseforgood..revolt:v.(against)takeviolentactionagainstthepeopleinpowere.g.Finallythepeoplerevoltedagainstthemilitarydictatorship.Thepeoplerevoltedagainsttheiroppressors.人民反抗其壓迫者。rejecttheauthorityofapersonorrejectsth.;make(sb.)feelunpleasantlyshockedordisgustede.g.Sherevoltedagainstherballettrainingatsixteen.她16歲的時(shí)候開(kāi)始拒絕練芭蕾。.trip(up):catchsb.*sfootandmakehimfalloralmostfall;makeamistake;deliberatelymakesb.dothise.g.As1passed,hestuckoutalegandtriedtotripmeup..coarse:a.rudeandoffensive,esp.aboutsexcoarsemanners粗魯?shù)呐e止coarselanguage粗俗的語(yǔ)言coarsespeech粗俗的講話ajacketmadeofverycoarsecloth用粗布做的夾克abeachofcoarsesand粗沙的海灘.postpone:v.delay(anevent),esp.arrangingforittotakeplaceatalaterdateortimeeg-Thetrialhasbeenpostponedindefinitely.審判無(wú)限期地延期了。About1,000operationshadbeenpostponedandevencancerpatientswerebeingdelayed.大約1,000個(gè)左右的手術(shù)延期了，甚至連癌癥患者的手術(shù)也推遲了。He/godownintheworld:havelessmoneyandaworsesocialpositionthanonehadbeforeegHehasreallycomedownintheworld.他真的過(guò)著窮困潦倒的生活。.rouse:v.—raise;arise;rise;.inadvance:beforehand,earlieregTheyhadtopaytherenttwoweeksinadvance.他們必須預(yù)付兩周房租。IfyouYegoingtocome,pleaseletmeknowinadvance..execute:v.egdoapieceofwork,performaduty,putaplanintoaction,etc.Thecrimewasverycleverlyexecuted.此次犯罪實(shí)施得非常巧妙。InMarch1676,theKingcommandedthemtoexecutethelawswithrenewedvigour,1676年3月，國(guó)王命令他們以全新的熱情來(lái)執(zhí)行這個(gè)法律。Checkthatthecomputerhasexecutedyourcommands..incident:n.sth.thathappens,esp.sth.unusualorunpleasant;aseriousorviolentevent,suchasacrime,anaccidentoranattackHisbadbehaviourwasjustanisolatedincident.他的不良行為只是一次孤立的事件。Shewasbroughthereseveraldaysagofollowingamysteriousincidentatherhome.她是幾天前家里發(fā)生了神秘事件以后被帶到這里來(lái)的。Policearetreatingtheincidentasmurder.警方將這一事件作為謀殺案來(lái)處理。accident?C.Post-readingActivityAskstudentstosumupthemainideaofthetextandtoanalyzethewritingtechniquesofthetext.TextStructureAnalysisInthisreadingpassagetheauthorintroducesusafamousfigure—CharlieChaplinfromdifferentaspects:theintroduction,hisprofessionalsuccess,hisemotionallifeandtheendofhislifestory.Lookatthefollowingchartandyouwillfind:ThefirstpartofthepassageismadeupofParagraphs1and2,whichisthegeneralintroductiontoCharlieChaplin.Thesecondpartconsistsof4paragraphs,fromParagraph3toParagraph6.ThispartisaboutCharlieChaplin'sprofessionalsuccess.The4paragraphsdealwithChaplin'ssuccessfromhisfamouscomedyTheTramp,tosoundmoviesandhissecretsinmakingsuccessfulcomedies.Thethirdpartismadeupof2paragraphs,whichareabouthispersonaloremotionallife.Chaplin'semotionalcollisionresultedinpersonaldisasterinhisearlymarriagesbutinhislateryearshefoundstabilityandaffectioninOonaO'NeillChaplin,whogavehimtheloveheneeded.ThelastpartisParagraph9.Afterhisdeath,hisdeadbodywasoncestolenandtheincidentistakenasamemorialtothegreatcomicofworldfame.IntroductionofCharlieChaplinChaplinwasfromapoorfamilybutamanthatcreatedcomiccharactersoflastingfiime.HewonreputationinmanycountriesandhewasspottedbytalentscoutsofHollywood.CharlieChaplin'shugesuccesswithhisTrampChaplin'sIramp.withitssubversivemischievousness,wonatremendoussuccess.ManyEnglishpct^plcthoughtChaplin'sTrampabitcrudeandthatitwasnothowtheEnglishbehaved.AndChaplinhadnoscreenvoicetoconfirmhisBritishnationality.Para.3CharlieChaplin'ssuccesswithsoundmoviesInsoundmoviesChaplinmadeupanonsenselanguagewhichsoundedlikenoknownnationality.CharlieChaplinPara.4CharlieChaplinCharlieChaplin'ssecretsofgreatcomedyChaplinwasanimmenselytalentedman.determinedtoadegree(oexploreandextendhisgift-Example:Chaplindidn'thavehisjokeswrittenintoascriptinadvance;heusedhisphysicalsensestoinventhisartashewentalong.Paras.5&6Paras3-6CharlieChaplin'semotionallifeChaplin'semotionalcollisionChaplin'semotionalcollisionresultedinpersonaldisasterandfounditswayintohiscomiccreations.Para.7Chaplin*sstablehappinessinhislateryearsInhislateryearsChaplinfoundapartner.OonaO,NcillChaplinwithstabilityandaffectioninher.Shegavehimtheloveheneeded.Para.8Paras.7&8CharlieChaplin'sdeathChaplindiedonChristmasDay1977.Astrangeincidentafterhisdeathistakenasafittingmemorialtotheworld'smostfamouscomic.Para.9Homework:Learnthewordsandphrasesbyheartandnextweektherewillbeadictation;Doalltheexercisesonthebookwithtranslationdoneontheexercisebook.Unit3SectionALongingforaNewWelfareSystemTeachingobjectives:

Studentsshouldbeabletomasternewwords,phrasesandexpressionsusedinthetext.(Putthestressonthewordbuilding,collocationandtheusageofthephrasesandexpressions)understandthetextcorrectlyandgraspthemainidealearnaboutthesentencestructureandthetextstructureconductaseriesofreading,listening,speaking,translatingandwritingactivitiesconcerningthethemeofthetextTeachingProcedurePre-readingActivity(lOminutes)Whoarethemaincharactersinthetext?(Pairwork)(JohnCallahan:welfareclient;Suzanne:socialworker/caseworker)Fromthetitle,4tLongingforaNewWelfareSystem“canyoupredictwhattheauthorwilltalkabout?.Problemsofthepresentwelfaresystem;2)newsystemWhichpartdoestheauthorgivemorespace?(firstone)BackgroundinformationofthetextSocialwelfare：Publicassistanceprograms,commonlycalled“welfare”,providecashorin-kindbenefitsforparticularcategoriesofthefinanciallyneedy.TheU.S.welfaresystemoperatesonboththefederalandstatelevels.ThefederalwelfareprogramisknownasSocialSecuritythatprovidesbenefitsorassistanceforchildcare,disability,foodandmedicalassistance(alsoknownasMedicaid).Thestatewelfareprograms,ontheotherhand,provideassistancetobothindividualsandlocalcommunitieswithstateschoolingandsocialinsurance.U.S.welfareprogramsgrewsignificantlyinthedecadesfollowingWorldWarII,butincreasesinwelfarecostsduringthe1960sand1970sbroughtintoquestiontheextentandqualityofpublicassistance.Intheearly1980stheReaganAdministrationreducedwelfareexpendituresandsuggestedturningresponsibilityforwelfarefundingovertothestates.ThecutsinfederalfundingthattookeffectduringtheReaganAdministrationdidinfacteffectivelyplacetheresponsibilityformaintainingfundinglevelsonthestates—and,insomecases,onthelargercities.Theresulthasbeenawideningofthealreadyexistingdisparitiesinsocialservicesspendingbetweenstates,andbetweencitiesandregionswithinastate.Anexampleofthestatewelfaresystemcanbeseenathup:〃www.slale.ln.usundertheHealthandSocialProgramssection.Socialwelfareisanintegratedpartofacountry*ssocialpolicy.Foranintroductiononthistopic,checkoutthewebsiteathttp:〃www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduclion/.Thewebsiteoffersdefinitionsofsuchconceptsaswelfareandwelfarestateanddiscussionsonwelfaresystemsofothercountries(inadditiontotheU.S.).While-readingActivityAskstudentssomesignpostquestionstoeachparagraphtoseehowwellthestudentsunderstandeachparagraphandtrainSsskimmingability.(SomeofthequestionsareonP.66Comprehensionofthetext)LanguagePoints:Awelfareclientissupposedtocheat.(Para.l)Meaning:Peoplebelievethatawelfareclientcheats/ischeating.besupposedto:begenerallybelievedorexpectedtobeordoIhaven'tseenitmyself,butit'ssupposedtobeagreatmovie.我還沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部影片，但據(jù)說(shuō)它挺不錯(cuò)的。She'ssupposedtohavehadfivehundredpairsofshoes.據(jù)說(shuō)她有500雙鞋。beexpectedorrequiredtodoorbesth.accordingtoarule,acustom,anarrangement,etc.You'resupposedtobuyaticket,thoughnotmanypeopledo.盡管沒(méi)有多少人買票，但你應(yīng)該買。You'resupposedtoasktheteacherifyouwanttoleavetheroom.如果你要離開(kāi)教室，得跟老師說(shuō)。Facedwithsharingadinnerofrawpetfoodwiththecat,manypeopleinwheelchairsIknowbleedthesystemforafewextradollars.(Para.l)Meaning:Inthefaceofsharinguncookedpetfoodwiththecat,manyofmywheel-chairedacquaintanceshavetolieabouttheircircumstances,thusgettingalittleextramoneyfromwelfaregivers.facewith：meet(sth.badordifficult)Facedwiththeevidence,hehadtoconfess.面對(duì)證據(jù)，他不得不坦白。??,bleedthesystemforafewextradollars...(Para.I)Meaning:forcethesystemtopayafewextradollarsIhaveoptedtolivealifeofcompletehonesty.Soinstead,Igooutanddrumupsomebusinessanddrawcartoons.(Para.2)Meaning:Ihavechosentoliveacompletelyhonestlife.SoIdon'tlietogetsomeextrawelfaremoney,butIgooutandtryhardtogetsomebusinessanddrawcartoons.opttodosth.:choosetodosth.;decidetodosth.inpreferencetoanythingelseWhenheleftschool,heoptedtogotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangettingajobstraightaway.畢業(yè)后他選擇上大學(xué)讀學(xué)位，而不是直接工作。??,drumupsomebusiness...(Para.2)drumup:tryhardtogetsupport,customers,business,etc.Hehadflowntothenorthofthecountrytodrumupsupportforthecampaign.他t至U該國(guó)北方去為競(jìng)選爭(zhēng)取支持。Thedepartmentstoreisofferingbigdiscountstodrumupbusiness.這家白貨商店正提供很大的折扣來(lái)招攬生意。Oh,Pmtemptedtogetpaidunderthetable.(Para.2)Meaning:Ifeeladesiretomakemoneysecretly/tobepaidwithoutbeingknowntoothers.underthetable:inasecretwayTheywerechargedwithtakingmoneyunderthelable.他們被指控私卜拿錢。Capitalswillbethemajorconsiderationundertable.資金將是需私下考慮的主要內(nèi)容。Note:ThisexpressionisusedmainlyinAmericanEnglish;theusualBritishexpressionis“underthecounter1,.ButevenifIyieldedtothattemptation,bigmagazinesarenotgoingtogetinvolvedinsomestickysituation.(Para.2)Meaning:ButevenifIcouldn*tresist/gaveintothattemptationandwantedtobepaidwithoutbeingknowntocaseworkers,bigmagazinesIamworkingforwon'tagreetogetthemselvesintotroublebytellingliesformysake.yieldto:stopresisting(sth.)Iyieldedtoanimpulse.我聽(tīng)?wèi){一時(shí)的沖動(dòng)行事了。Thegovernmentrefusedtoyieldtothehostagetakers*demand.政府拒絕答應(yīng)人質(zhì)挾持者的要求。(formal)bereplacedbysth.Old-fashionedmethodsyieldedtonewtechnology.老式的方法己被新技術(shù)所取代。Radiohaslongbeenunderpressuretoyieldtotelevision.收音機(jī)長(zhǎng)期處于被電視機(jī)取代的壓力之中。Veryhigh-profile.(Para.2)Meaning:Thebigmagazinesappeartobeopenandabove-boardastheyhonestlyreporttothewelfarecaseworkerstheamountofmoneyImake.Pleasenotethesarcastictoneofthewriter.Whenwerefertosomebodyasahigh-profilepersonorsomethingasahigh-profileevent,wemeantheyattractalotofattentionorpublicityDeepdown,caseworkersknowthattheyarebeingmadefoolsofbymanyoftheirclients,andtheyfeeltheyareentitledtohaveclientsbowtothemascompensation.(Para.3)Meaning:Intheirtruefeelings,caseworkersknowthattheirclientsarefoolingthemforextramoney,and,inreturn,theyfeeltheyhavetherighttogetthesewelfarebeneficiariestobehavehumbly.deepdown:insb.*struefeeling;infactratherthanbyappearunderthetableDeepdown(insideyou),Iknowyoulovemereally.在你心底里，我知道你是真心愛(ài)我的。Heknew,deepdown,thathewouldhavetoadmithisguilt.他心里明白他將不得不認(rèn)罪。theyarebeingmadefoolsofbymanyoftheirclients...(Para.3)makeafoolofsb.:obehavingfoolishlyHe'dbeenmadeafoolof.他被人騙了。Yourbrotherismakingafoolofyou.你兄弟在愚弄你。Compare:makeafoolofoneself:behaveinawaythatmakesotherpeoplethinkthatoneissillyorlackingingoodjudgmentHewasdrinkingandmakingafoolofhimself.他喝酒時(shí)，出盡了洋相。??,feeltheyareentitledtohaveclients...(Para.3)beentitledto:havetherighttohaveordosth.Youwillbeentitledtoyourpensionwhenyoureach65.你到65歲時(shí)，可以享受養(yǎng)老金。Everyone'sentitledtohisorherownopinion.每個(gè)人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見(jiàn)。Shereadapoementitled"TheAppleTree".她讀了一首名為《蘋果樹(shù)》的詩(shī)歌。Fmnotbeingbitter.(Para.3)Meaning:Iamnotfeelingangrydeliberately/onpurpose.Thestructure“bebeing+adjective/noun^^isusedtotalkaboutactionandbehavior.You'rebeingstupid.(=You'redoingstupidthings.)Iwasbeingverycareful.(=Iwasdoingsomethingverycarefully.)Wedonotusethisstructuretotalkaboutfeelings.Forexample：Fmhappyjustnow.(NotI'mbeinghappyjustnow.)Iwasverydepressedwhenyouphoned.(NotIwasbeingdepressed...)…adetectiveinshorts.(Para.3)shorts:n.trousersthatendabovethekneesorreachtheknees,whichisoftenwornbychildrenorbyadultsinhotweather,andwhenrelaxingorplayingsportstennisshorts網(wǎng)球短褲SheputonapairofshortsandaT-shirt.她穿上運(yùn)動(dòng)短褲和T恤衫。??,sawsomenewposterspastedonthewall.(Para.4)seesth.doneCompare:seesb.do(doing)sth.Thiswasmycuetobeg.(Para.7)Meaning:ThisremarkwasasignalmadebySuzanneformetoaskforforgiveness.…Italkedback.(Para.7)talkback:answersb.rudely,esp.sb.inauthorityDon*ttalkback.It*srude.別頂嘴，不禮貌。Childrenwhotalkbackareregardedascheekyanddisrespectful.頂嘴的孩子被認(rèn)為是又厚臉皮又不懂禮貌。Suzannetriestolecturemeaboutrepairs...(Para.9)lecture:v.criticizesb.ortellthemhowonethinkstheyshouldbehave,esp.whenitisdoneinanannoyingwayDon'tstartlecturingme!別開(kāi)始教訓(xùn)我!He'salwayslecturingmeaboutthewayIdress.他老說(shuō)我穿著不得體。n.alongangrytalkthatsb.givestoonepersonoragroupofpeoplewhentheyhavedonesth.wrongIknowIshouldstopsmoking-don'tgivemealectureaboutit.我知道我應(yīng)該戒煙一一別跟我長(zhǎng)篇大論。??,whichisalwaysbreakingdown...(Para.9)breakdown:(ofamachineorvehicle)stopworkingbecauseofafaultThetelephonesystemhasbrokendown.電話線路出故障了。Thecarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport,andIhadtogetataxi.轎車在去K機(jī)場(chǎng)的途中拋錨了，我只好叫了一輛出租車。???I'veheardthatyouputalotmoremilesonthatwheelchairthanaverage.(Para.9)Meaning:I'veheardthatyouuseyourwheelchairmoreoftenthantheaverageclientsdo.Nowonderthat'swhyyourwheelchairisalwaysbreakingdown.I'manactiveworker,notavegetable.(Para.10)vegetable:n.(figurative)apersonwhoisphysicallyalivebutnotcapableofmuchmentalorphysicalactivity,forexamplebecauseofanaccidentorillness(Thisusagecanbeoffensive.)Severebraindamageturnedhimintoavegetable.嚴(yán)重的大腦損傷使他變成了植物人。apersonwhohasaboringlifeSincelosingmyjobI'vefeltlikeavegetable.丟了工作后，我覺(jué)得人都變呆了。??,soIcangetaroundinawheelchair.(Para.10)getaround:(BrEalsogetabout)movefromplacetoplaceorfrompersontopersonShegetsaroundwiththehelpofastick.她拄著拐杖，四處走動(dòng)。Badnewsgetsaroundquickly.壞消息傳播得很快。Governmentcutsinwelfarehaveresultedinhungerandsuffering...(Para.11)resultin:makesth.happenThecyclonehasresultedinmanythousandsofdeaths.這場(chǎng)龍卷風(fēng)使兒千人喪生。Thesepoliciesresultedinmanyelderlyanddisabledpeoplesufferinghardship.這些政策導(dǎo)致許多老年人和殘疾人生活艱難。Shelookedintoeverycornerinsearchofunreportedappliances,...(Para.13)lookinto:examinePolicearelookingintothedisappearanceoftwochildren.警察1E在調(diào)查兩名兒童失蹤的事情。insearchof:lookingforManyoftherefugeesaretravelingtothenorthoftheregioninsearchoffoodandshelter.許多難民正奔向該地區(qū)北部，尋找食物和庇護(hù)所。buttherewasalwaysathickpileofformstofilloutattheendofeachvisit,accountingforeverypenny.(Para.13)Meaning:...butIhadtofilloutalotofformsattheendofeachvisit,explaininghowIspentthemoneyIhadgotfromthewelfaresystem.fillout:(alsofillin)complete(aform,etc.)bywritinginformationThepolicemanfilledoutaparkingticket.警察填好,張違章停車罰款單。accountfor:beorgiveareasonfor(sth.ordoingsth.)Heaccountedforthemissingitemsaslostbutfoundthemlater.他解釋說(shuō)那些不見(jiàn)了的東西丟失了，但后來(lái)又找到了。Ifinditverydifficulttoaccountforthefactthattwoofourbeststudentsfailedtheexam.我覺(jué)得很難解釋為什么兩名最好的學(xué)生考試不及格。??,buildingupmymarket.(Para.14)buildup:createordevelopShe'sbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness.她建立起一家成功的企業(yè)。We'vebuiltupgoodrelationshipswithourclients.我們與客戶建立了良好的關(guān)系。It'simpossibletojumpoffwelfare...(Para.14)Meaning:Itisnotpossibletoshiftawayfromwelfareanddependononeselfallofasudden.??,nothavetogothroughanembarrassingsituation...(Para.14)gothrough:experienceorsufferHewouldgothroughfireandwaterforhiscountry.為了國(guó)家他赴湯蹈火也在所不惜。Hehasalreadygonethroughmanysufferings.他已經(jīng)受了許多苦難。Thereneedstobealawyerwhocanactasachampionfortherightsofwelfareclients,becausethesystemsoeasilylendsitselftoabusebythewelfaregiversaswellasbytheclients.(Para.15)Meaning:Welfareclientsneedalawyerwhocanenthusiasticallysupport,defendandfightfortheirrights,asthesystemcanbesoeasilyabusedbybothparties—thewelfaregiversandtheclients.Thereneedstobealawyerwhocanactasachampionfortherightsofwelfareclients,...(Para.15)Noticetheword"there"isfollowedbytheverb“needs”.Someotherverbscanalsobeusedinthisway.Forexample:Thereseemstobesomeproblems.Couldyoubequiet?Therehappenstobealecturegoingon.Theretendstobejealousywhenanewlittlebrotherorsistercomesalong.InasmalltowninGermanythereoncelivedapoorshoemaker.Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.Suddenlythereenteredastrangefiguredressedallinblack.Therefollowedanuncomfortablesilence.Withsomeverbs(e.g.say,think,feel,report,understand,presume),thepassivestructureispossiblewith“there”.Therearethoughttobemorethan3,000differentlanguagesintheworld.TherewassaidtobedisagreementbetweenthePrimeMinisterandtheHomeSecretary.…soeasilylendsitselftoabuse...(Para.15)lendoneselfto:beeasilyusedforaparticularactivityorresultHervoicedoesn'treallylenditselfwelltobluessinging.她的嗓音不太適合唱藍(lán)調(diào)歌曲。Someproblemsdonotlendthemselvestofinancialsolutions.有些問(wèn)題不適合用錢來(lái)解決。siton:beanofficialmemberofagroupofpeoplethatrepresentorcontrolanorganizationShesatonthecompany、boardforfiveyears.她在公司的董事會(huì)當(dāng)了5年董事。Hesitsonanumberofcommittees.他是好幾個(gè)委員會(huì)的委員。Howmanypeoplesitonthecommission?這個(gè)委員會(huì)有多少委員?…onestepatatime?(Para.16)one/astepatatime:goingslowlyLet'stakethingsa/onestepatatime.讓我們一步一步地做這些事。Onestepatatime,you'llfinallygothroughthewholething.慢慢來(lái)，你會(huì)做完整件事的。Somedaypeoplelikemewillthriveunderanewsystemthatwillencouragethem,notseektoconvictthemofcheating.(Para.17)Meaning:Onedayinthefuture,disabledpeoplelikemelivingonwelfarewilldowellandgetsuccessfuliftheoldsystemistransformedinto