2020年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題及參考答案解析詳解八

2020年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題及參考答案解析詳解八

專題八動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是中考英語(yǔ)的熱點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)之一。中考共考查八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法。

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句中常含always，often，usually，sometimes，onceaweek，everyday等標(biāo)志詞。如：Theycometoschoolatseveneveryday.他們每天7點(diǎn)鐘到學(xué)校。Mymotheroftendoessomewashingafterbreakfast.我媽媽常常吃完早餐后洗衣服。

2.表示客觀事實(shí)和客觀真理要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太陽(yáng)從東方升起，西方落下。Shesaidthatlightsrunfasterthansound.她說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得快。

3.如果主句用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，那么when，before，after，until，assoonas等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：AssoonasIgetthere,Illtelephoneyou.我一到那兒就打電話給你。IfIhavetimetomorrow,Illgowithyou.假如我明天有時(shí)間的話，我將同你一起去。Illtellyouassoonashecomesbackthisafternoon.今天下午他一回來(lái)我就告訴你。注：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+v./v-s(-es)+其它”。謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)要借助動(dòng)詞do/does來(lái)幫助提問(wèn)、否定、回答，幫助提問(wèn)、否定時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞要還為原形。如：-Doeshegetupearlyeveryday?他每天起得早嗎?-Yes,hedoes.是的。Lucydoesnthavelunchatschool.Lucy不在學(xué)校吃中餐。

【拓展延伸】“go，start，leave，come，begin，stop，want”等動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示安排或計(jì)劃好將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如：TheyleaveforBeijingtomorrow.明天他們動(dòng)身去北京。

二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻或當(dāng)前這一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句中多有now，thesedays，Listen!Look!等提示詞?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am/is/are+v-ing”構(gòu)成。如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingsoccerontheplayground.瞧!孩子們正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。WearehavinganEnglishclassnow.現(xiàn)在我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。

【拓展延伸】(1)表位置移動(dòng)的詞如come，go，leave，start，fly，die等的進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)的意義。如：Thebusisleavingnow.這輛公共汽車就要離開(kāi)了。Wearecominghere.我們就來(lái)了。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always連用時(shí)表示具有“贊嘆”或“厭煩”等感情色彩。如：Heisalwaysthinkingmoreofothersthanhimself.他總是想著別人而不考慮自己。Heisalwaystalkinginclass.在課堂上他總是說(shuō)話。

三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它常與ago，lastweek，yesterday，justnow等過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+......”。如：Heusedtomakemodelshipslastyear.他去年經(jīng)常制作輪船模型。Whatdidyousayjustnow?你剛才說(shuō)什么?注：謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)必須借助助動(dòng)詞did來(lái)幫助提問(wèn)、否定、回答，幫助提問(wèn)、否定時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞要用原形。如：-DidyoupicktheapplesonthefarmlastOctober?去年十月你們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)里摘了蘋果嗎?-No，wedidnt.沒(méi)有。WedidntpicktheapplesonthefarmlastOctober.去年十月我們沒(méi)有在農(nóng)場(chǎng)摘過(guò)蘋果。

四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

一般將來(lái)肘表示將來(lái)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它常與tomorrow，nextmonth，intwodays，soon等將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用。一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+will/shall/begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形......”如：Willyoucomehereintwodays?兩天后你會(huì)來(lái)這里嗎?Imnotgoingtoflyakitethisafternoon.今天下午我不打算放風(fēng)箏。

【拓展延伸】(1)betodosth.可表按計(jì)劃安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Thesebooksaretocomeout.這些書將出版了。(2)ShallI(we)+動(dòng)詞原形......?表示“我(我們)......好嗎?”;Willyouplease+動(dòng)詞原形......?表示“你(你們)......好嗎?”。此時(shí)兩者均為詢問(wèn)對(duì)方意見(jiàn)用語(yǔ)。如：Willyoupleasewakemeuptomorrow?請(qǐng)你明天叫醒我好嗎?ShallIgetsomechalk?要我拿些粉筆來(lái)嗎?

五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果，它常與already，yet，never，ever，just，before，once，recently等副詞連用。如：Haveyoureadthebookyet?你看了那本書嗎?IveneverbeentoShanghaibefore.我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)上海。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與sofar，eversince，howlong，inthepast/lasttwoyears，since...ago，“for+段時(shí)間”、“since十點(diǎn)時(shí)間”、“since+/從句(用一般過(guò)去時(shí))”等連用。如：Ihaveknownhimforthreeyears.我認(rèn)識(shí)他有三年了。I’velivedheresinceIwasborn.自出生后，我就住在這里。注：此種用法要求在肯定句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可與時(shí)間段連用。如：Wehaventheardfromherforalongtime.我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有收到她的來(lái)信了。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞......”

六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與從句等特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。其構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+was/were+v-ing...”。如：TheywerewatchingTVatthistimelastnight.昨晚這個(gè)時(shí)候他們正在看電視。Hesaidhewashavingsupperatsixyesterday.他說(shuō)他昨天6點(diǎn)鐘正在吃晚飯。

七、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。它常用在主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作比主句更后發(fā)生的賓語(yǔ)從句中，其構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+would/was(were)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形......”。如：Shetoldmeshewouldgotheretomorrow.她告訴我她明天將去那里。Hesaidhewasgoingtostayhere.他說(shuō)他打算呆在這里。八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用在主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作比主句更前發(fā)生的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。其構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞......”。如：Howmanysongshaveyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?到上學(xué)期你們學(xué)會(huì)了多少首歌?Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes.

當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始五分鐘了Iheardhehadlivedthereforfiveyears.

我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他住那五年了。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2_______50)計(jì)分:

1.--Whatdoyoudo?

--I’manengineer.I_____inacompanyinWuhan.Ilikemyjobverymuch.

A.workB.hadworkedC.willwork

2.--Isyourfatheradoctor?

--Yes,heis.He__________inTownHospital.

A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.works

3.Everyyearmanyforeigners_________toChinatolearnChinese.

A.havecomeB.comesC.come

4.Mymotherwilltakemetothemovieifshe_________freethisweekend.A.isB.willbeC.wouldbe

5.Thegirlswillhaveatripifit_________fine.

A.isB.hasbeenC.willbe

6.--Where’sSusan,Mike?--She_________inthekitchen.

A.cooksB.cookedC.iscooking

7.--Haveyougotajoboffer?--Notyet.I___________.

A.waitedB.amwaitingC.wait

8.--DoyouthinkJohnwillhelpmemovethepiano?

--You’dbetternotaskhim.He__________acomposition.

A.wroteB.writesC.iswriting

9.--Wherearethechildren,MrBlack?

--Oh,they_________theirPElessonontheplayground.

A.haveB.hadC.arehaving

10.They________about“SuperGirls”.Let’sjointhem.

A.talkB.aretalkingC.havetalked

11.--Whatareyoudoing,Cathy?

--I’m__________mycat.Ican’tfindit.

A.lookingforB.lookingatC.lookingafter

12.--Mary,couldyouhelpme?--Waitamoment.I_________.

A.readabookB.amcookingdinnerC.waswatchingTV

13.--Listen，who_________intheroom?--Let’sgoandsee.

A.iscryingB.cryingC.cries

14.Don’tturnofftheradio.I_______tothenews.

A.listenB.havelistenedC.amlistening

15.--What’sthebestfoodyou’vehadinBeijing,Alex?

--Roastedduck!I_________toafamousrestauranttohaveitlastweek.

A.havegoneB.goC.went

16.Hewentintohisroom,_______thelightandbegantowork.

A.hasturnedonB.turnsonC.turnedon

17.--Whatdidyoudoafterschoolyesterday?

--I_________basketballwithmyfriends.

A.playB.playedC.amplaying

18.Yesterday,Tony’sfamily_________agoodtime.

A.hasB.haveC.had

19.I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It_______10minutesago.

A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleft

20.--Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter?--I______welllastnight.

A.didn’tsleepB.don’tsleepC.haven’tslept

21.--Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?

--He__________usnottoplaycomputergamesallday.

A.tellsB.toldC.hastold

22.--Where’sthecakeImadethismorning?

--We_______it,mum.Canyoumakeanotheroneforus?

A.ateB.eatC.wereeating

23.--Haveyoumendedyourshoes，Bob?

--Yes.I_________themtwentyminutesago.

A.havemendedB.mendedC.hadmended

24.--When_______________forHongKong,doyouknow?

--I’mnotsure.Whenhe__________,I’llletyouknow.

A.heleaves;leavesB.hewillleave;willleaveC.willheleave;leaves

25.--WherewilltheygonextSunday?--They___________totheGreatWall.

A.willgoB.goC.hasgone

26.--Hashereturnedthelibrarybookyet?--Notyet.Don’tworry.He_________itsoon.

A.returnsB.hasreturnedC.willreturn

27.Ihearthathewillbeback______twoweeks’time.

A.afterB.inC.for

28.Hedoesn’ttellmewhenhe__________.I’llcallyouupassoonashe__________.

A.willcome,arrivesB.comes,arrivesC.willcome,willarrive

29.Ifit_____________tomorrow,we_______traveloutside.

A.willrain;willB.rains;won’tC.willrain;won’t

30.--Jim,canyouhelpmetowashthedishes?--Sorry,Dad.I____________totheshop.

A.goB.havebeenC.amgoing

31.--_________thelatestTimemagazine________yet?

--Sorry,it’slate.Maybetomorrow.

A.Will;arriveB.Has;arrivedC.Do;arrive

32.Susanisn’therenow.She________toEngland.Shewillcomebacknextmonth.

A.goesB.hasgoneC.went

33.--Howlong________Koreangirl_________China?

--Forfouryears.NowshecanspeakChinese.

A.has;beentoB.has;beeninC.was;in

34.--Wouldyouliketoseethefilmwithme?--I’msorryI________ittwice.

A.sawB.hadseeC.haveseen

35.She__________thatsamesongsomanytimes.I’mgettingsickofit!

A.singsB.sangC.hassung

36.--___________you__________yourdictionary?

--No,soIhavetobuyanewonetoday.

A.Did;findB.Have;foundC.Had;found

37.I_________toCapeTown,soIknownothingaboutit.

A.don’ttravelB.haven’ttraveledC.hadn’ttraveled

38.--______you______thefilmHarryPotter7?--Notyet.I’llseeitthisSunday.

A.Did;seeB.Have;seenC.Do;see

39.Iwon’tforgetmyteacherbecauseshe_________sokindtomesinceIcametothisschool.A.hasbeenB.isC.has

40.Inthepastfewyearsthere___________greatchangesinmyhometown.

A.havebeenB.wereC.are

41.--It’sraining!Whendiditstart?

--Idon’tknowexactly.Infact,it__________allthisafternoon.

A.lastsB.haslastedC.lasted

42.--Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?

--No,Iwont.I__________italready.

A.sawB.haveseenC.see

43.--Ididn’tseeyouwhenIcameherelastnight.Wherewereyou?

--I___________myprojectathome.

A.designedB.havedesignedC.wasdesigning

44.Mymother____________dinnerwhenIcameback.

A.cooksB.iscookingC.wascooking

45.--Icalledyouyesterdayevening,bu