考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Henrywentthroughthedocumentsagaincarefullyforfearof（

）anyimportantdata.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relaying

B.overlooking

C.deleting

D.revealing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析?？崭袂笆墙樵~of，后面是名詞data，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知此處需要填入動(dòng)名詞。A選項(xiàng)relay“傳達(dá)；轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)；轉(zhuǎn)播”；B選項(xiàng)overlook“忽略；俯瞰；遠(yuǎn)眺”；C選項(xiàng)delete“刪除”；D選項(xiàng)reveal“顯示；透露；泄露”。句意：亨利又仔細(xì)地檢查了一遍文件，生怕……什么重要的數(shù)據(jù)。由“檢查文件”、“數(shù)據(jù)”等關(guān)鍵詞可知，此處應(yīng)表示“生怕遺漏重要數(shù)據(jù)”。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Televisionhasbecomesuchapopularinformationmediumthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alotofmagazinesandnewspapershavegonebroke

B.loadsofmagazinesandnewspaperscannotcompetewell

C.manymagazinesandnewspapersdonotgetreadbyverymanypeopleanymore

D.manymagazinesandnewspapershavelostmostoftheirreaders

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。題干句意為：電視已經(jīng)成為這樣一種受歡迎的信息媒介以至于……。題干用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此空格處也應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。故排除B和C。而A項(xiàng)“許多雜志和報(bào)紙破產(chǎn)了”過(guò)于絕對(duì)，因此無(wú)論從句意還是從時(shí)態(tài)上來(lái)說(shuō)，D項(xiàng)“許多雜志和報(bào)紙失去了大部分讀者”正確。

3.單選題

Bothpartiespromisedto（

）thecontracttobesignedthefollowingday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.keepwith

B.tanglewith

C.adhereto

D.devoteto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。keepwith意為“陪伴”；tanglewith意為“與……吵架，與……爭(zhēng)論”；adhereto意為“遵循，依附，堅(jiān)持”；devoteto意為“專(zhuān)用于做……，專(zhuān)心于做……”。

句意：雙方都承諾遵守次日將要簽署的合約。

4.單選題

Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentallevels,researcherscanusetworelatedresearchdesigns:longitudinalandcross-sectional.

Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades.AnexampleofsuchastudyistheBerkeleyGrowthStudybegunin1928byNancyBayley.Thestudyfocusedonagroupof74white,middleclassnewborns.Astheygrewolder,extensivemeasuresoftheirintellectual,personality,andmotordevelopmentwererecorded.Thesubjectswerestudiedformorethanthirtyyears.

Thelongitudinalresearchdesignisapowerfultechniqueforseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.Also,differencesinorstabilityofbehaviorsorcharacteristicsatdifferentagescanbedetermined.Longitudinalstudies,however,areexpensivetoconduct,time-consuming,andheavilycontingent

onthepatienceandpersistenceoftheresearchers.Thefindingsofalongitudinalstudymaybejeopardizedbyrelocationofsubjectstoanotherpartofthecountryandbyboredomorirritationatrepeatedtesting.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsocietychangesfromonetimetoanotherandthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudyreflecttosomedegreesuchchanges.Themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother.Ifproperlyconducted,however,longitudinalstudiescanproduceuseful,directinformationaboutdevelopment.

Across-sectionalstudyisoneinwhichsubjectsofdifferingagesareselectedandcomparedonaspecificbehaviororcharacteristic.Theyarealikewithrespecttosocioeconomicstatus,sex,oreducationallevel.Forexample,aresearchermaybeinterestedinlookingatchangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.Threegroupsofsubjects,agesten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested.Conclusionsaredrawnfromthetestdata.

Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming.Themajordisadvantageisthatdifferentindividualswhomakeupthestudysamplehavenotbeenobservedovertime.Noinformationaboutpastinfluencesondevelopmentoraboutage-relatedchangesissecured.Likelongitudinalstudies,thecross-sectionalmethodscannoterasethegenerationalinfluencethatexistswhensubjectsstudiedarebornatdifferenttime.Psychologistsarenowbeginningtouseanapproachthatcombineslongitudinalandcross-sectionalresearchmethods.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthedisadvantagesofalongitudinalresearch?

2.Theword"contingent"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Oneofthedifferencesbetweencross-sectionalresearchandlongitudinalresearchisthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesubjectsmaybecomeirritatedatrepeatedtesting.

B.Theparticipantsinthestudymaynotstayinoneplaceformanyyears.

C.Thebehaviorofasubjectinthestudymaybemeasuredcontinuouslyformanyyears.

D.Socialchangesmaybereflectedinthebehaviorsofthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dependent

B.consecutive

C.determined

D.continual

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesubjectsinacross-sectionalresearcharenotofthesameagegroup.

B.Themethodsofstudyinlongitudinalresearchwillnotchangeovertime.

C.Longitudinalresearchisreliableonlyinseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.

D.Cross-sectionalmethodsarenotusuallyadoptedinstudying,forexample,thechangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelatterusuallyfocusesononlyonesubject,whiletheformerinvolvesgroupsofsubjects

B.theformercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

C.thelattercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

D.theformercostslessmoneyandtakeslesstime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪項(xiàng)不是縱向研究的缺點(diǎn)之一？文章第二段說(shuō)到縱向研究的特點(diǎn)和有點(diǎn)，第三段說(shuō)到了縱向研究的缺點(diǎn)。第二段第一句“Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades”與C選項(xiàng)符合。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.詞義題。由詞語(yǔ)定位到第三句，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“contingent”是并列謂語(yǔ)之一。前半句說(shuō)到縱向研究費(fèi)用高、耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，因此要依靠耐心和毅力才能堅(jiān)持下來(lái)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？此類(lèi)題只可通過(guò)選項(xiàng)定位。C選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了絕對(duì)詞“only”，表示“縱向研究只有在尋求對(duì)早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)后期發(fā)展的影響的理解時(shí)才是可靠的”，過(guò)于絕對(duì)化，因此排除；第三段中“themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother”說(shuō)明B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第四段中“threegroupsofsubjects,ageten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested”說(shuō)明D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：橫向和縱向研究的區(qū)別之一是______。由題干定位到文章第四、五段，第五段第一句提到“Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming”，即與D選項(xiàng)的lessmoney一致。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress.

B.Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.

C.Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.

D.Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress.

B.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.

C.Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.

D.Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks.11.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.

B.Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit.

C.Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.

D.Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

“Toomanypeopleviewtheirjobsasafive-dayprisonwhichtheyareparoledeveryFriday,”saysJoelGoodman,founderoftheHumorProject,ahumorconsultinggroupinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Humorunlockstheofficeprisonbecauseitletsadultsbringsomeoftheirchildlikespirittothejob.

AccordingtoHowardPollio,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,anofficewithhumorbreaksisanofficewithsatisfiedandproductiveemployees.[10]Pollioconductedastudythatprovedhumorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks.Employeesperformbetterwhentheyhavefun.Inlargecorporationswithahierarchyofpower,thereisoftennooutletforstress.“Everycompanyneedsundergroundwaysofpokingfunattheorganization,”saysLynnM.Mark,aspeakeronworkplacehumorforSaintMary’sHealthCenterinSaintLouis.

Kodak’sRochester,NewYorkbranchdiscoveredawayforits20,000employeestouncorktheirbottled-upresentments.[9]Their1,000-square-foothumorroomfeaturesatoystore.Amongtheroom’smanystress-reducinggadgets,themainattractionisabossdollwithdetachablearmsandlegs.[11]Employeescantakethedollapartaslongastheyputitsarmsandlegsbackinplace.

SandyCohen,ownerofagraphicprintproductionbusiness,createdthequoteboardtodocumentthebizarrephrasespeoplesaywhenunderstrictdeadlines.“Whenyou’reunderstress,yousaystupidthings,”saysCohen.Nowwejustlookateachotherandsay“That’soneforthequoteboard”.

9.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouthumorintheworkplace?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于職場(chǎng)中的幽默，這篇短文說(shuō)了什么？錄音提到了職場(chǎng)幽默的例子，其中一個(gè)是柯達(dá)紐約羅徹斯特分公司的humorroom“幽默房間”，該房間里有很多讓人減輕壓力的物件（stress-reducinggadgets），其中之一是可拆卸的“老板玩偶”。由此可知，職場(chǎng)的幽默可以讓人減輕壓力，A選項(xiàng)“它能幫助員工減輕壓力”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“它讓員工不再無(wú)聊”；C選項(xiàng)“它使員工之間的關(guān)系更和諧”和D選項(xiàng)“它幫助員工積極地看待事物”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，所以可排除。

10.WhatdoesthestudybyHowardPollioshow?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)HowardPollio的研究表明了什么？錄音提到HowardPollio的研究證明了幽默能幫助員工出色地完成日常的工作任務(wù)（humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks），D選項(xiàng)“幽默可以幫助員工在日常工作中表現(xiàn)出色”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“周末有助于減輕壓力”和B選項(xiàng)“幽默對(duì)人際關(guān)系極其重要”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“所有的員工均遭受情緒壓力”，這并不是HowardPollio的研究結(jié)論，因此可排除。

11.WhatcanKodak’semployeesdointhehumorroom?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)柯達(dá)的員工在“幽默房間”可以做什么事？錄音提到了humorroom中有可拆卸的“老板玩偶”，員工可以把“老板玩偶”拆掉，不過(guò)拆后得把玩偶的手和腳拼回去。B選項(xiàng)中的reassembleit“重新組裝”對(duì)應(yīng)錄音的putitsarmsandlegsbackinplace，因此B選項(xiàng)“把‘老板玩偶’拆掉，拆后再重新組裝”正確。A選項(xiàng)“把玩具砸碎以發(fā)泄?jié)M腔怨恨”和D選項(xiàng)“狠狠地揍‘老板玩偶’，多狠都可以”表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)，忽略了“拆后重新組裝”這個(gè)條件，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)、安裝減輕壓力的物件”在錄音中沒(méi)有提及，因此可排除。

6.單選題

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一個(gè)階段，每個(gè)問(wèn)題的各方都援引了《法治》，最終以大法官史蒂文斯在布什訴戈?duì)柊钢刑岢龅闹愖h告終），結(jié)合法律知識(shí)，此處的異議是指案外人對(duì)執(zhí)行標(biāo)的提出不同的意見(jiàn)，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)人的意見(jiàn)，A選項(xiàng)“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)法官的意見(jiàn)”和原文不符，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“辯論的每一階段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（許多讀者會(huì)記得2000年佛羅里達(dá)選舉失敗時(shí)的情形……）可知2000年正在進(jìn)行總統(tǒng)選舉，B選項(xiàng)“2000年是總統(tǒng)選舉舉行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（盡管我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法完全確定今年總統(tǒng)選舉的贏家是誰(shuí)，但輸家的身份是非常清楚的。這是國(guó)家對(duì)法官作為法治公正監(jiān)護(hù)人的信任）可知C選項(xiàng)“法官們知道誰(shuí)是選舉中的失敗者”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.（干涉法庭、在沒(méi)有法律依據(jù)的情況下監(jiān)禁某人、在沒(méi)有正當(dāng)程序保障的情況下拘留人、為黨派利益操縱憲法——所有這些都被視為對(duì)法治的濫用）可知A選項(xiàng)“讓法院決定總統(tǒng)選舉的最終結(jié)果”，B選項(xiàng)“在沒(méi)有任何正當(dāng)程序保障的情況下逮捕某人”，D選項(xiàng)“未經(jīng)法庭審判就把某人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄”屬于對(duì)《法治》的濫用，A選項(xiàng)屬于為黨派利益操縱憲法，法院不能直接決定總統(tǒng)選舉的結(jié)果。C選項(xiàng)“針對(duì)特定案件向法院下達(dá)命令的政府機(jī)構(gòu)”不屬于原文所提到的對(duì)《法治》的濫用。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

53.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.（我還認(rèn)為，我們對(duì)《法治》的理解不僅應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)既定的、確定的規(guī)則的價(jià)值和它們使之成為可能的可預(yù)測(cè)性，而且還應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)法律實(shí)踐的程序和辯論方面的重要性）可知作者認(rèn)為對(duì)《法治》的理解還應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)體和程序兩個(gè)方面，選B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)法治的理解應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)體和程序兩個(gè)方面”，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“法律是既定的，確定的規(guī)則”不符合原文，原文只是說(shuō)不僅應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)既定的，確定的規(guī)則，不能過(guò)度推測(cè)出法律是既定的，確定的規(guī)則；A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)者們對(duì)法治的理解是正確的”和C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們?cè)噲D解釋什么是法律時(shí)，他們談?wù)摰氖欠ㄖ巍钡谌挝瓷婕?，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.（當(dāng)我們至少部分地從程序性和辯論性的主題來(lái)理解《法治》時(shí)，要比單純地從確定性和可預(yù)見(jiàn)性來(lái)理解法治時(shí)，更容易理解法治與法律概念之間的聯(lián)系）可知選A選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該至少?gòu)某绦蚝娃q論主題的角度看《法治》”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“法治應(yīng)該純粹從確定性和可預(yù)見(jiàn)性的角度來(lái)看待”和原文相悖，以及C選項(xiàng)“更容易把握法治與法律概念之間的聯(lián)系”不完整；第四段andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.（而對(duì)法律制度的理解，既強(qiáng)調(diào)法庭上的辯論，也強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)則的存在和承認(rèn)，為更豐富地理解法治在現(xiàn)代政治辯論中所包含的價(jià)值提供了基礎(chǔ)）可知同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)法庭上的辯論和規(guī)則的存在能幫助對(duì)法律制度的理解，而對(duì)法律制度的理解為了豐富地理解法治在現(xiàn)代政治辯論中所包含的價(jià)值提供了基礎(chǔ)，D選項(xiàng)“將法律理解為規(guī)則和法庭上使用的規(guī)則有助于理解《法治》”和原文有偏差，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theyhavemadea（）plantobuildasuspensionbridgeovertheriver.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.band

B.bound

C.bond

D.bold

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)band“用帶綁扎；給……鑲邊；樂(lè)隊(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)bound“被束縛了的”；C選項(xiàng)bond“結(jié)合的”；D選項(xiàng)bold“大膽的，英勇的”。句意：他們已做出了一個(gè)大膽的計(jì)劃，要在這條河上建一座吊橋。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“plan計(jì)劃”可知“大膽的”符合句意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

勞動(dòng)仲裁類(lèi)似于中世紀(jì)手工業(yè)行會(huì)的調(diào)停話動(dòng)，它是多步驟申述體制之最終結(jié)果。

盡管信托關(guān)系可以口頭創(chuàng)立，但卻一般是經(jīng)書(shū)面文件形式確認(rèn)。

破壞環(huán)境之行為可以被法律規(guī)定為犯罪。

因股東大會(huì)不夠法定人數(shù)，故該決議被認(rèn)定無(wú)效。

【答案】Laborarbitration,similartothemediationactivitiesinthemedievalcraftguilds,isthefinalresultofmulti-steprepresentationsystem.

Atrustmaybecreatedorally,butusuallyissetupinawrittenform.

Anactthatisdestructivetotheenvironmentmaybecriminalizedbystatue.

Theresolutionwasinvalidbecausetheshareholder'smeetingwasnotquorate.

9.寫(xiě)作題

Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic“TheSignificanceoftheSpringFestivalGala”.

【答案】

TheSignificanceoftheSpringFestivalGala10.單選題

ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromiseofthe20thcentury.

Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity-evencomfort-foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays-lackoffoodwarmth,shelter-wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S).Laborunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintotobeingandofferedthepossibility-insomecasesthepromise-oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.

Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labor-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.

Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinecontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).Thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintoplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested-thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.

WhatbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts,Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.

ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.

TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’？

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,layoutunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein（

）

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof（

）.

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause（

）.

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.

D.becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.people’soutlookonlife.

B.people’slifestyles.

C.people’slivingstandard

D.people’ssocialvalues.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecorporatelay-offs

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending

C.theeconomicrestructuring

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture.

B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment.

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending.

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推斷題。本文講的是安然公司員工在商業(yè)歷史上的悲慘命運(yùn)是經(jīng)濟(jì)安全問(wèn)題的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。原文指出:Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory,由此看出,人們?cè)趯?duì)生活的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度方面有了一個(gè)重大的改變。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。由第七段看出,退休金計(jì)劃的改變是政府在福利上削減的組成部分。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第七段指出:Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall,由此可知,安然公司讓投資者擁有他們公司的股票,因此很多員工選擇安然作為他們投資的唯一選擇。

5.推斷題。第六段指出：Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid,由此可知,A項(xiàng)(401（k）項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)應(yīng)置于多個(gè)投資選項(xiàng)中),B項(xiàng)(員工必須自負(fù)盈虧)正確。第一段指出:Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems,因此C項(xiàng)(這種情況可能會(huì)再次發(fā)生，因?yàn)楦淖內(nèi)藗兊南敕ú⒉蝗菀?正確。故選D。

11.單選題

The（）ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。segregation“隔絕、分離'speficiation“規(guī)格、說(shuō)明書(shū)”;spectrum“光譜、波段”；subscription“捐獻(xiàn)、訂閱、定金、簽署”。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：把那些有天賦的孩子們分離到加速班的舉措將會(huì)在下周根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)進(jìn)行。

12.單選題

Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof（）educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.cardinal

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constrained“強(qiáng)迫的，過(guò)于受約束的”，例如：aconstrainedconfession（逼供、被迫招供），constrainedemotions（受壓抑的感情）；B選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”，例如：compulsorymeasures（強(qiáng)迫手段），compulsoryservicesystem（義務(wù)兵役制）；C選項(xiàng)cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：RespectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofEnglishlaw.（尊重生命是英國(guó)法律最重要的原則）；D選項(xiàng)conventional“傳統(tǒng)的，慣例的”，例句：Thechairmanmadeafewconventionalremarks.（主席說(shuō)了幾句客套話。）。句意：為了提高平均教育水平，許多國(guó)家都采用了義務(wù)教育制度。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

為了成長(zhǎng)，為了游歷新的道路，人們需樂(lè)于去冒險(xiǎn)，去面對(duì)未知，去接受會(huì)“失敗”的可能性。當(dāng)我們嘗試一種新的存在方式時(shí)，如何看待自己對(duì)我們的成長(zhǎng)能力至關(guān)重要。我們認(rèn)為自己反應(yīng)敏捷又有好奇心嗎？如果那樣，那么我們會(huì)抓住更多機(jī)會(huì)，會(huì)對(duì)陌生的經(jīng)歷更敞開(kāi)心扉。我們認(rèn)為自己害羞而優(yōu)柔寡斷嗎？那么我們的膽怯感會(huì)使我們猶豫不決、行動(dòng)緩慢，直到我們確信安全才會(huì)更進(jìn)一步。

【答案】

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.

14.單選題

Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone’slifeonthebattlefieldis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glorious

B.futile

C.heroic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很多年輕人認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是愚蠢且沒(méi)有必要的。對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上丟掉性命是徒勞的。glorious“光榮的”；futile“無(wú)用的”；heroic“英雄的”；courageous“有勇氣的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorp