考研考博-英語-上海思博職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海思博職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.名詞解釋

Theyearof2009willbringanavalancheofbooks,lectures,televisionprogramsandarticlesonCharlesDarwin.(1)Itis200yearssincehewasbomand150yearssincehewaspushedtopublishhisontheOriginofSpeciesearlierthanheintendedbythearrivalofaletterfromAlfred

RusselWallace,thenaturalistwho,independently,hadthesametheoryofnaturalselectionthat

Darwinhadsupposedallhisown.

SinceDarwinwasn’taloneinthinkingupthetheoryofnaturalselectionorinassemblingevidenceinsupportofevolution,arewerighttomakesuchasonganddanceofhisanniversary?Theshortansweris“yes”.(2)theOriginofSpeciesisthemostimportantbiologybookyetwrittenandDarwinhasdoneasmuchasanyone,includingCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud,

tochangehowweseeourselves.

WhydoesDarwinianworldviewmattersmorethanever?Aboveall,Darwindecentershumanity.InthishecompletestheworkthatCopernicusandGalileobegan.WearenotthecentreoftheUniverse.TheUniverseexistedlongbeforewecameonthescene.(3)Thisdecenteringdoesnot,ofcourse,meanthatwematteranytheless.Rather,ithelpsustoappreciatethatwedonotsitinadistinctcategoryfromtherestofcreation.Thegreatapesthatareheadingtowardsextinctioninthewildandarestillusedinsomecountriesformedicalresearchreallyareourrelatives.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：Hewasborn200yearsagoandhisOntheOriginofSpecieswaspublished150yearsago,whichwasearlierthanhehadplanned,becauseanaturalistcalledAlfredRusselWallacehadwrittentoDarwintoencouragehimtodoso.AlfredsharedthetheoryofnaturalselectionthatDarwinhadthoughtoutbyhimself.

2：ThebookOntheOriginofSpeciesismoreimportantthananyotherbiologybookthathaseverbeenwritten,andDarwin’scontributiontochangeourworldviewequalsthoseofCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud.

3：Certainly,thefactthatwearenotthecenteroftheuniversedoesindicatethatwearenotimportant.

2.單選題

Themanagerrealizedtheimportanceofqualifiedstaff,andurgedall________toparticipateinthetrainingprogram.

問題1選項

A.concerning

B.theconcerning

C.concerned

D.theconcerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞的用法。四個選項都跟concerned有關(guān)，句意：經(jīng)理意識到了合格員工的重要性，并且敦促所有（）參加培訓項目。A，B選項沒有名詞詞義，代入句中會造成賓語缺失，所以排除；The+形容詞表示一類人，因為concerning沒有形容詞的詞性，所以D選項錯誤，答案選C。

3.單選題

EveryU.S.Presidentmusttakeanoathtoupholdtheconstitution.

問題1選項

A.ritual

B.pledge

C.option

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項ritual“儀式，慣例”，B項pledge“保證，誓言”，C項option“選項，選擇權(quán)”，D項position“位置，姿態(tài)，處境”。句意：每一位美國總統(tǒng)都必須宣誓維護憲法。oath在句中表示“誓言”。因此，該題選擇B項。

4.單選題

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof（

）,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.

問題1選項

A.mind

B.idea

C.intention

D.wish

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你對爭論的處理方式會讓其他人心情糟糕，結(jié)果就是他們不會接受你的提議。mind“理智；精神”；idea“想法”；intention“意圖，目的”；wish“希望，愿望”。

5.單選題

Thehotelwasafour-storeybuildingawayfromtheuniversitywheremostcompetitorswereaccommodated.

問題1選項

A.putup

B.putdown

C.putin

D.putover

【答案】A

【解析】accommodated在這里指容納，安置。putup提供，建造，舉起；putdown放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；putin提交，放入；putover推遲，駛過。選項A放在句中最為恰當，符合語境。

6.單選題

Allthedatasentbackfromthesatellitessuggestedthatanasteroidofaboutthesizeofanauditorium（）onitswaytoourplanet.

問題1選項

A.is

B.was

C.were

D.be

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞使用的一致性。that接在動詞后面充當句中的賓語從句。主句使用的是一般過去式，賓語從句中的謂語動詞，應與主句的時態(tài)保持一致。因此空格處應使用be動詞的過去式was/were。從句中的主語是anasteroid“一顆小行星”為單數(shù)，所以應使用was。句意：從衛(wèi)星發(fā)來的所有數(shù)據(jù)表明一顆像禮堂一樣大小的行星正在向我們的星球靠近。因此B選項符合題意。

7.寫作題

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowthatyouaregratefultohimforlookingafterGoofy

WriteyournotetoFrankonANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】DearFrank,

I’mgoingtoShanghaithiseveningandIwillstaytherefor3days.IshouldapologizethatIhavetoleavesohastily.AndI’mveryembarrassedtoaskyoutohelpmelookaftermydogGoofy.Bytheway,ImustremindyouthatyoucaneasilyfindthedogfoodthatIhaveleftinthestoreroom.Oh,Goofydon’tlikecoldmilkverymuch,sopleasedon’tforgettoheatthemilkforhim.Besides,helikestakingawalkintheevening.Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme.

YoursSincerely,8.單選題

Youcouldrefuseto_______yourSocialSecuritynumberexceptforSocialSecuritypurposes,whichisallthatthelawrequires.

問題1選項

A.expound

B.divulge

C.apprehend

D.unriddle

【答案】B

【解析】expound詳細說明,解釋;divulge泄露,暴露;apprehend領(lǐng)會,理解;unriddle闡明。句意：你可以拒絕透露你的社會保險號，除非是出于社會保障的目的，這是法律的規(guī)定。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Please（）yourremarkstothosewhichareimmediatelyrelevanttothematterinhand.

問題1選項

A.restrict

B.enclose

C.confess

D.confine

【答案】D

【解析】句意:涉及到與手邊事情直接相關(guān)的方面，限制你的發(fā)言。

考查動詞辨析。。restrict約束，限制；enclose封入，圍繞;confess坦白，供認；confine限制，與介詞to搭配，構(gòu)成confinesth.to…限制于…。因此D項正確。

10.單選題

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

問題1選項

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞比較級。句意：心臟不比胃聰明，因為它們都由大腦控制。根據(jù)題干intelligentthan可知考查形容詞的比較級，確定有more，根據(jù)語境心臟和胃都受大腦控制確定C選項nomore符合題意。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.TheChinesefacecream.

B.TheAmericanfacecream.

C.TheFrenchperfume.

D.Themedication.

【答案】B

【解析】A:Myskinhassuddenlygoneroughandred,andspotskeepbreakingout.IsthereanythingIcando?

B:Haveyouusedanythingdifferentonyourface,orhaveyoubeenonanymedication?

A:IusuallyuseChinesefacecream,butonmybirthdayI’vegotsomeveryexpensiveAmericanfacecream.Itsmellsverynice.Iwonderifthatcouldbetheproblem.

B:Doyouhavethefacecreamwithyou?

A:Yes,hereitis.

B:Itsmellsverystrong.Maybeyouareallergictotheperfumeinit.Isuggestyoustopusingitimmediately.

Q:Whatmightbethecauseforthewoman’sskinproblem?

【解析】細節(jié)題。醫(yī)生認為：Maybeyouareallergictotheperfumeinit，即他認為女士可能對這種面霜過敏。

12.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.

問題1選項

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，后面應該是肯定的推測，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A選項musthavegone“一定是”，表示對過去肯定的推測；B選項shouldhavegone和C選項oughttohavegone都表示“本來應該去而未去”；D選項couldhavegone表示“本來能夠去而沒去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

13.單選題

Beneaththerhetoricaboutwhoispracticingapurerformofthesportisanastybattleoverwhowilldominateaccesstotherocks——aficionadosof“sport”.

問題1選項

A.creators

B.enthusiasts

C.organizers

D.advocators

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項creators“創(chuàng)作者，造物主”；B選項enthusiasts“熱心人，熱衷者，狂熱者”；C選項organizers“主辦單位，舉辦方，舉辦者”；D選項advocator“提倡者，擁護者”。句意：在關(guān)于誰在練習一種更純粹的運動形式的言辭背后，是一場關(guān)于誰將主導進入巖石運動的惡戰(zhàn)——“體育”的狂熱者。Aficionados“迷，狂熱愛好者”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項shy“害羞的；易受驚的；對（做）……心懷顧忌”；B選項ash“灰燼”；C選項advisable“明智的，可取的”；D選項ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”。句意：他為自己在學校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是對他做過的事的態(tài)度，D選項ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

15.翻譯題

TheChinesepresenceinthecoloniesstirredmanyAustraliananxieties.AustraliancolonistslikedtothinkofthemselvesasBritish,buttheybegantoseetheywereBritishinstrangegeo-politicalsurroundings.TheysuspectedAustraliamightbeonagreatChinesefloodplain.ItwasclearlywellwithinreachofChineseinfluence.California,anothergoldrushsociety,hadalsoexperiencedasubstantialinfluxofChinese.TherealizationgrewthatAustraliashouldnotlookjusttoBritain.ItsharedstrategicinterestswithotherwhitecommunitiesinthePacific,especiallywithAmerica.Butthepacificwasacontestedocean.Fromthe1880s,itwasincreasinglyapparentthatChinaandJapanwerealsonearbyPacificnations.

(1)ThepresenceofsomanyChineseintensifieddebateonthepotentialcharacterofAustraliansociety.Potentconcernshaddevelopedaboutcivicvaluesingoldrushcommunities,concernsaggravatedbyAustralia'sconvictorigins.Goldwasaseductive,richlymythologizedsubstance.ItsdiscoveryintheAustraliancoloniespublicizedtheirpotentialmorethananythingelsehadyetdone.Goldattractedayoung,cosmopolitan,ambitious,predominantlywhitemalepopulation,oftenimbuedwithadvanceddemocraticviews.YetasDavidGoodmanhasshown,thisinfluxstirredanxietiesaboutthemoralstabilityofthesegold-seekingcommunities.Agold-obsessedsocietyappearedapoorfoundationforastableculturedsociety.Manysocialcommentatorsfoundtheprospectthatworkingmencouldgainsuddenwealthinthiswayverydisturbing.Wouldpeoplestillvalueachievementswroughtbysteadylabourandindustrioushabits?Whatwouldhappentomoralvalues?(2)Therewasanothermoredisturbingthought.IfAustraliacouldproduceonlytheserough,uncivilizedcommunities,mightitnotlosethemoralauthoritybywhichAustralians,claimingtherightsofasuperiorculture,soughtexclusiveaccesstothecontinent?WereAustraliansstillworthyoftheirimmenseopportunities?

QuestionsoftenureandentitlementwereintensifiedbythedispossessionoftheAustralianAborigines.OneofthemainjustificationsusedatthattimefortakingoverAboriginallandcamefromthebeliefthattheywereaprimitive,nomadicpeoplewithnofixedsettlementsorhabitsofagriculture.Itwasthoughtthattheydidnotvaluetheirlandandhadnocapacitytodevelopit(3)Oneofthetroublingparadoxesofgoldseekingpopulationswasthattheyalsowereahighlymobilewanderingtribe,insomewayssimilartotheAboriginestheysoughttodisplace.AnxietiesaboutthecontinuityofwhitesettlementinAustraliaintensifiedimpulsestovilifyAboriginesandtokeepAsiansout.Themajorquestionrevolvedaroundentitlementtotheland.(4)Inthebluntlanguageofthelatenineteenthcentury,ifwhitehadreplacedblackbecauseblackwasnotdevelopingthecontinent,whyshouldyellownotreplacewhiteonpreciselythesamegrounds?IfEuropeancommunitiesinAustraliawerenotseentobecivilizedandproductive,thecaseforsoletenureofAustraliabywhitesmightbeseriouslyweakened.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）這么多中國人的出現(xiàn)加劇了這場關(guān)于澳大利亞社會潛在性格的爭論。淘金社區(qū)的公民價值觀引起了人們強烈的關(guān)注,這種關(guān)注又因澳大利亞人原本就是罪犯的后裔而變得更為嚴重。黃金是一種充滿誘惑而又富有神話色彩的物質(zhì)。

（2）還有另一種更令人不安的思想。如果澳大利亞只能形成這些粗俗而又不文明的社區(qū),那么對于聲稱享有優(yōu)等文化權(quán)利的澳大利亞人來說,難道不會丟失他們建立在找到通往澳洲大陸的獨有途徑上的那份道德權(quán)威嗎？澳大利亞人仍然值得擁有巨大的機遇嗎？

（3）淘金社區(qū)的人們有一個令人煩惱的悖論,即他們也是高度漂移的部落,這在某些方面類似于他們試圖取代的土著居民。因為擔憂白人殖民者在澳大利亞定居的連續(xù)性,促使他們對土著居民進行誹謗和驅(qū)逐亞洲人。

（4）用十九世紀末生硬的語言來講,如果白人取代黑人是因為黑人沒有發(fā)展澳洲大陸,那么為什么依據(jù)同樣的理由黃色人就不應該去取代白人呢？如果在澳大利亞的歐洲社區(qū)不被看作是文明并富有成效的,完全由白人統(tǒng)治澳大利亞的狀況就有可能被嚴重削弱。

16.單選題

TheCanterburyTales（

）writtenbyChaucer.

問題1選項

A.hasbeen

B.were

C.was

D.hadbeen

【答案】C

【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是喬叟寫的。

語法題?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語為TheCanterburyTales(一本書),后面又有關(guān)鍵信息writtenbyChaucer,所以謂語動詞應該用一般過去時和第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選C。

17.單選題

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

問題1選項

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就臉紅。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…時,一提起。

18.單選題

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo（

）bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

問題1選項

A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecorded

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配題。根據(jù)句意‘這些調(diào)查表明許多犯罪…，主要因為不是所有的受害者都會舉報?！_定空格處填的意思是否定含義‘沒有被記錄’，動詞go與否定式的過去分詞連用，表示某動作未發(fā)生，A選項正確。

19.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問題1選項

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞辨析。四個選項都是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，其中although與though只能引導讓步狀語從句。沒有despiteof這種表達，所以只有選項D符合題意。

20.案例題

Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.

BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.

"Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."

TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege-buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.

Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison-oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities-graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally-butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.

Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.

Themostselectiveprivateschools-Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton-showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.

"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction-studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill-knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.

Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity-afterfinancialaid-equaled28%ofmedian（中間的）familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.

Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor（嚴格要求）andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom-andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost（教務長）DamonWilliams.

Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara?torycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchpro?gramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.

Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring（輔導）ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.

1.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?

A.Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.

B.Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.

C.Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.

D.Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.

2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?

A.Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.

B.ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.

C.Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.

D.It'sincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.

3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?

A.Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.

B.Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.

C.Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.

D.Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.

4.HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?

A.Fifty-sixpercent.

B.Thirty-ninepercent.

C.Fifteenpercent.

D.Sixty-sevenpercent.

5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.

A.theirstudentsworkharder

B.theyrecruitthebeststudents

C.theirclassesaregenerallysmaller

D.theygivestudentsmoreattention

6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?

7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.

B.Theycannotaffordthehightuition.

C.Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.

D.Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.

8.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat（）

9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith（）

duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.

10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan（）

.

【答案】1.B

2.D

3.B

4.C

5.B

6.A

7.B

8.theyarelessqualified

9.somepreparatorycoerces

10.beclosed

【解析】1.

根據(jù)文中前三段的內(nèi)容可知，作者對美國高等教育的主要擔憂是少數(shù)民族學生的畢業(yè)率很低。第三段的最后一句“Astheminority...nationalprosperity.”也可以看出答案。

2.

根據(jù)第一段的第一、二句“BarryMills...from8%to13%.”，BarryMills感到自豪的是少數(shù)民族學生的招收在不斷增長。

3.

根據(jù)第三段的第二句“thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.”，選項B正確。

4.

根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Arecentreview...soaswell.”只有15%的非洲裔美國人獲得了學位。選項C正確。

5.

根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.”這可能更多地與他們挑選最優(yōu)秀學生的能力有關(guān)。選項B正確。

6.

根據(jù)第七段的最后一句AmyWilkins說的話可以推測出，他認為大學應該負主要責任。

7.根據(jù)第八段的最后一句“Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.”，通常，他們最終負債累累，或者一兩年后無力償還債務，不得不輟學。選項B正確。

8.

根據(jù)第九段“andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.”

9.

根據(jù)第十段的第二句“ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara?torycourses.”

10.

根據(jù)原文中最后一段的第一句“Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.”

21.單選題

Thesurvival（）ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.

問題1選項

A.ratio

B.rate

C.scale

D.standard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項ratio“比例，比率”；B選項rate“進度，速度”，A項指的是兩個量的比值，強調(diào)相比、相除的關(guān)系，B項指的是比率，速度，率等，如“taxrate稅率”、“crimerate犯罪率”；這個句子中的生存率指的是“野生動物的存活數(shù)量和死亡的野生動物數(shù)量之比”，是兩個數(shù)量之比，所以A項更符合。句意：一些野生動物的存活率不是很高，因為它們被殘酷地獵殺以獲取皮毛。；C選項scale“規(guī)模”；D選項standard“標準，水準”。因此A選項符合題意。

22.翻譯題

TWOnuclearbombsareamongmanycuriousmachineswhichtheScienceMuseumstoresatanoldairfieldinWiltshire.AnearlyhovercraftstandswithafleetofsubmersiblesandatruckthatonceroamedtheAntarctic.Nowanewacquisitionisontheway.Aroundtherunwayworkersarepreparingtolayout155,000solarpanels—atabout170acres,oneofthebiggestsolarfarmsinBritain.

ThoughBritain’shillsidesarepepperedwithwindturbines,solarpanelsproducelessthanhalfofonepercentofitspower.RacingtohitaEuropeantargetthatrequiresittogenerate30%ofitselectricityfromrenewablesourcesby2020,thegovernmentwantsalotmore.GregoryBarker,anenergyminister,saysthesolarindustrycouldexpandsixfoldwithinadecade.Laidontheground,thatmanypanelswouldfillanareaofabout150squaremiles.

Fieldsfullofsolarpanelsarelessobtrusivethanhillsideturbines,andsimplertoinstall.Whereasoppositiontowindpowerismounting,about85%ofBritonsbacknewsolarprojects.Bigarraysmayevenencouragesomekindsofwildlife,forexamplebyshelteringground-nestingbirds.

Itisalsogettingcheaper.Thecostofinstallingsolarpanelshasfallenbyhalfsince2010duetoheavydeploymentinGermanyandelsewhere.WeakBritishsunlightmakesenergyfromsolarfarmsabout25%moreexpensivethanfromonshorewindturbines—andmorethantwicethewholesalepriceofpower—butthegovernmentexpectsa20%reductionby2020.

Solarcompaniessayministersmustdomore.Planners,fearingeyesores,aregrowinglessco-operative(complaintsfromruralcampaignersareholdinguptheScienceMuseum’sarray).Gridconnectionsaregettingmoreexpensiveasdeveloperschoosesiteseverfartherfrombigtowns.

Yetcautioniswise,fortworeasons.First,heftyinvestmentinsunniercountriesmeansthepriceofpanelswillkeepfallingwithoutmuchhelpfromBritishtaxpayers;governmentcashmightgomuchfurtherinayearortwo.

Second,thepriceofsolarpanelsreflectsonlypartofthetechnology’scosts.Panelsproduceverylittlepowerduringwinter;insummertheycangeneratetoomuch.TheNationalGrid,whichmanagesBritain’spower-transmissionnetwork,saysthatabigsolarprogrammewouldmeanfindingextracashtomitigatetheseswingsinsupply.Apreponderanceofpanelsisalreadymakingitdifficulttobuildmorefarmsinthesunnysouth-west.

IfBritainisseriousabouthittingitslegally-bindingtargetforrenewablegeneration,moresolarseemsinevitable.Buttheroofsofoffices,factoriesandwarehousesarethebestplacesforit.Puttingpanelstherelowersenergybillsforbusinesseswhileplacinglessstrainonlocalgrids.Thatseemsabrighteridea.

【答案】【參考譯文】

科學博物館將許多稀奇古怪的機器儲藏在位于威爾特郡的廢舊機場里，這其中就包括兩枚核彈。還有一艘早期的氣墊船，一排潛水器，和一輛曾經(jīng)馳騁于南極洲的卡車?，F(xiàn)如今，一項新的收藏將要加入它們的行列。工人們準備在跑道的周圍搭155000張?zhí)柲馨?。該工程占地約170英畝，將有望成為英國最大的太陽能發(fā)電廠。

盡管不列顛的山坡上布滿了用來發(fā)電的風輪機，并且其發(fā)電量差不多是太陽能板發(fā)電量的兩百多倍。然而面對亟待實現(xiàn)的目標，英國政府還有很長的路要走。歐盟已攻足了目標：截至2020年，歐盟成員國30%的電力供給要來自可再生能源。能源部長格當戈里?巴克爾說，在未來的千年內(nèi)太陽能行業(yè)將擴展六倍。若將如此多數(shù)量的太陽能板平鋪開來，它們將覆蓋150平方英里的區(qū)域。

布滿太陽能板的區(qū)域看上去并不會如山坡上的風輪機那樣突兀，并且太陽能板安裝起來也比風輪機更簡單。相比于風力發(fā)電受到越來越多的反對，新的太陽能項目卻獲得