考研考博-英語-上海濟(jì)光職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海濟(jì)光職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.案例題

ToyotaRecallsToyotaMotorhasalwaysbeenfanaticalaboutfrugality,andformanyyearsthatwasgoodforboththecompanyanditscustomers.ThisisaJapanesecarmakerthatroutinelyturneddowntheheatatitsemployeedormitoriesduringworkinghoursandlabeledphotocopymachineswiththecostpercopytodiscourageoveruse.Itsengineerscollaboratedwithsupplierstoextractcost-savingswithoutcompromisingquality.YetbythemiddleofthelastdecadeToyota'svirtuehadbecomeavice.

SosaycurrentandformerautoexecutiveswhoaretryingtograsphowToyota,withitsgold-platedreputationforengineeringexcellence,slippeduponsuchascale,with8millioncarsrecalledduetomechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deaths.Beforecompanyofficialsknewthatrunawayaccelerationwascausingcrashes,oneoftheseexecutivessays,asimplemanufacturingprocesswouldsometimesignitesmallfiresinacomponentasadirectresultofcomer-cutting,itwasjustoneearlysignthatthefocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar.

Thoseproductionmishapsoccurredin2006,ayearaftercompanyPresidentKatsuakiWatanabeboastedabouthavingsqueezedmorethan$10billionfromglobaloperatingcostsintheprevioussixyears—thisdespiteanimpressiverunofprofitgrowthandglobalmaricetsharegainsinthemiddleofthelastdecade.ThenToyotapushedevenharderformorecuts.ItaskedsupplierstodesignpartsforitsCamiymidsizesedanthatwere10%cheaperand10%lighter.Thecompany'stopU.S.executive,JimPress,warnedhisbossesinJapanthatvehiclequalitywasslipping,accordingtoaslidepresentationU.S.Senateinvestigatorsunearthedintheirsudden-accelerationprobe.Buthiswarninghadnoapparenteffect.

TheredesignedCamrybroughtoutin2006hadanembarrassingflawinitsheadliner,thefabricandcompositeliningthatcoverstheinsideroofofthecar.Underpressuretocutcosts,theleadCamrysupplier,Toyota-afTiliatedToyotaBoshoku,choseacarbonfibermaterialthathadn'tbeenapprovedbyToyotaengineers,accordingtoanexecutivewhoworkedontheredesign.Theheadlinerismadebycompressinglayersofmaterialstogetherusingacertainamountofheattomoldit.Inthiscase,thecarbonfiberrequiredsomuchheatthattheheadlinerwouldcatchfire.

Toyotafixedthatproblem,butwhenaNorthAmericanpartssupplierinterestedinworkingwiththeautomakerdidateardownofa2007Camry,itsengineersweresurprisedbyhowmuchthetraditionalToyotacraftsmanshiphadbeenwatereddownbyyearsofnipsandtucks.Thepaddingintheceilingofthecar,thoughcompliantwithsafetyregulations,hadbeenthinnedouttosavemoney.Atrayforsunglassesusedaflimsiertypeofplasticthanpreviousmodels.“Itwasabare-bonescaratthatpoint,”saysoneexecutivewhodeclinedtobeidentifiedforfearofharmingbusinesstieswithToyota.

Toyotainsistsitsfocusoncosthasn'thurtconsumers.“It’snottruethatbyreducingcostyouautomaticallyreducequality,"saidJimWiseman,Toyota’svice-presidentforNorthAmericancorporatecommunications.“Everyautomakerhastostaycompetitiverelativetoprice.”

True,butprobablynotwiththeintensityToyotabroughttocost-cuttingandrapidexpansionunderthreesuccessivepresidents:HiroshiOkuda(1995-1999),FujiCho(1999-2005),andWatanabe(2005to2009).Toyotaexecutiveswillspendyearsmoppingupaftertheirmess.

Atlastcount,thecompanyfaced109classactionsand32individualcasesfiledincourtsintheU.S.andCanada.(Inawell-publicizedincidentonMar.8,theownerofa2008PriuslostcontrolofhiscaronaCaliforniainterstatehighwayandhadtoberescuedbypolice.)

WhatarethecausesforToyota’sglobalrecalls?Identifyboththedirectanddeepercauses.(8points)

Thiscaseillustratedtheproblemsofthegoalattainmentviewoforganizationaleffectiveness.Defineorganizationaleffectivenessanddiscussthelimitationsofthegoalattainmentview.(10points)

WhatdoyouthinkanorganizationcanlearnfromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness?(8points)

【答案】ThedirectcausesaremechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deathsandthedeepercausesarethatToyotaMotor’sfocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar,sothatthequalityofitsvehicleslipped.

Organizationaleffectivenessistheconceptofhoweffectiveanorganizationisinachievingtheoutcomestheorganizationintendstoproduce,andthelimitationofgoalattainmentviewisthatwesometimessetsomegoalswhicharebeyondourcurrentcapacity.

FromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness,anorganizationcanlearnthatweshouldnotsetanygoalwhichisbeyondourcurrentcapacityorsacrificesomething,suchasthequalityofvehiclementionedinthispassage,toattainsomeunpracticalgoals,otherwise,therewillbeseriousconsequences.

2.單選題

______wassheinLondonthansherangupheroldfriendJane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nosooner

B.Assoon

C.Onlywhen

D.Rarelywhen

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。Nosooner…than…為固定用法，表示“一……就……”，故A項(xiàng)符合題意。B項(xiàng)assoon和as搭配，表示“一……就……”；C項(xiàng)后面接句子，表示“只有當(dāng)……”；D選項(xiàng)沒有這個(gè)用法。句意：她一到倫敦就給她的好朋友簡(jiǎn)打電話。故正確答案為A。

3.單選題

Idon’treallyknowjohnallthatwells;he’sjusta（

）acquaintance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.random

B.formal

C.haphazard

D.casual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。random意為“任意的”；formal意為“正規(guī)的”；haphazard意為“偶然的，隨意的”，一般指的是物；casual意為“偶然的”，acasualacquaintance意為“點(diǎn)頭之交，偶然相識(shí)”。

句意：我并不怎么了解約翰；我們只不過是泛泛之交。

4.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,orcommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor.”Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

【答案】大多數(shù)社會(huì)的共識(shí)來自于悠久的歷史、一種完全屬于自己的語言、一個(gè)共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他們賴以生存的神話就是建立在所有這些基礎(chǔ)之上的。但是美國(guó)是一個(gè)移民國(guó)家，其移民來自許多不同的國(guó)家。最近，有人強(qiáng)調(diào)，孤僻和自戀已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)人的性格特征，正是這種性格導(dǎo)致了幸福感的缺乏，因?yàn)樗柚沽宋覀冞_(dá)成共識(shí)，有了共識(shí)人們才不會(huì)再退縮到自我的小天地中。在這項(xiàng)關(guān)于自戀的研究中，克里斯托弗?拉什認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人“受到自我意識(shí)的折磨，其解決辦法不是從個(gè)人煩惱中解脫出來，而是在生活中找到意義和目的，并找到一生追求的東西?！庇捎趪?guó)民士氣下降，人們普遍感到不安，我們也失去了早先對(duì)國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)景和目標(biāo)的認(rèn)識(shí)。

5.單選題

Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suchastheynowtalk

B.liketheynowtalk

C.asmuchastheynowdo

D.astheynowdo

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。在as...as...引導(dǎo)的同級(jí)比較中，第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quicklyandeasily可知選D。句意：一種新開發(fā)的機(jī)器人可以通過微笑或皺眉頭來表達(dá)自己的情感，也許有一天它能幫助計(jì)算機(jī)用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機(jī)器交流。

6.單選題

Crimeaisacenterofpro-Russiansentiment,whichcan（）separatism.TheregionapeninsulaonUkraine’sBlackSeacoasthas2.3millioninhabitants,mostofwhomidentifythemselvesasethnicRussiansandspeakRussian.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spillover

B.spilloutof

C.spilldowntowards

D.spillinto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。spillover“外溢”；spilloutof“濺出”；spilldowntowards“溢出”；spillinto“涌進(jìn)”。句意：克里米亞是親俄情緒的中心，這種情緒能夠涌進(jìn)各種分裂主義。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（

）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】densely濃密地，密集地；intensely強(qiáng)烈地，緊張地，熱情地；abundantly豐富地，大量地；highly高度地；非常。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Parentswithonlyonechildtendtohavehigheracademic（）fortheirchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambitions

B.intentions

C.propositions

D.aspirations

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。ambition“野心”；intention“目的”；proposition“提議”；aspiration“抱負(fù)”。句意：只有一個(gè)孩子的父母對(duì)他們孩子的學(xué)業(yè)有更高的期望。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“AngloSaxon”Americans,thoseAmericansofBritishancestry,rarely_1_themselvesasanethnicgroup.First,manyofthemaredescendantsoftheoriginalsettlers.Second,theyarewidely_2_throughoutthenation.Third,theyrange,_3_regardsincome,fromthepoorfarmersandcoalminersoftheAppalachiansinTennessee_4_wealthyoilmeninTexasandthe_5_professionalclassesofNewEngland._6_,the“AngloSaxon”remainthelargestsingleethnicgroupinAmerica,_7_about45%ofthepopulation.

Itwouldbeamistaketoimagine_8_someforeignersdothatAmericansofotherethnicgroupshaveimitatedan“AngloSaxon”wayoflifeor_9_“AngloSaxon”customs.Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,thepeopleoftheU.S.A.werestillpredominantly“AngloSaxon”,butevenbeforethefloodofnon-“Anglo-Saxon”immigrants,theAmericanswerealready_10_moreAmericanthantheywereBritish.

_11_theirethnicorigins,theAmericansofNewEngland,theMidwest,theFarWest,theSouth,andSouthwestallhavespecialcharacteristicsoftheirregion.Yettheyalsohavecertainthings_12_common.

MostAmericanshavegreatvigorandenthusiasm.Theyprefertodisciplinethemselvesratherthan_13_disciplinedbyothers.Theypridethemselves_14_theirindependence,theirrightto_15_theirownminds.Theyarepreparedtotaketheinitiative,_16_whenthereisariskindoingso.Theyhavecourageanddonot_17_easily.Theywilltakeanysortofjobanywhere_18_beunemployed.Theydonotcaretobelooked_19_bytheGovernment.The_20_Americanchangeshisorherjobnineortentimesduringhisorherworkinglife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thinkabout

B.think

C.thinkof

D.thinkover

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.developed

B.distributed

C.accepted

D.contributed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.to

C.in

D.with

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.with

C.till

D.to

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.skilled

B.skills

C.non-skilled

D.skilful

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.And

B.Otherwise

C.Nevertheless

D.Despite

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.composing

B.consisting

C.making

D.comprising

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.like

C.how

D.as

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.attempted

B.adapted

C.accumulated

D.adopted

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.well

B.quite

C.far

D.very

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Whatever

B.What

C.However

D.How

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.on

D.with

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.is

C.being

D.are

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.for

C.with

D.on

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.makeout

B.makeup

C.makeuse

D.makefor

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.bravely

B.only

C.even

D.not

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.giveaway

B.giveup

C.givein

D.giveoff

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.otherthan

B.morethan

C.ratherthan

D.lessthan

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.for

C.over

D.out

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.ordinary

B.common

C.equal

D.average

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。句意：“盎格魯—撒克遜”美國(guó)人，這些英國(guó)血統(tǒng)的美國(guó)人，很少把自己（）民族。根據(jù)文章句意可以推測(cè)括號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容是填“認(rèn)為”。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵介詞as，我們可知答案選C。thinkofas“把……當(dāng)作；認(rèn)為……是”。

第2題:考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展”；B選項(xiàng)“分散，散布”；C選項(xiàng)“接受”；D選項(xiàng)“貢獻(xiàn)”。句意：其次，他們廣泛的（）整個(gè)國(guó)家。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，答案選B選項(xiàng)，盎格魯—撒克遜人廣泛分布于美洲大陸。

第3題:考查固定搭配。該句的關(guān)鍵詞是regard。固定搭配regardas“就……而論”，C，D選項(xiàng)和regard搭配一般需要接to；沒有toregard這個(gè)搭配，所以B選項(xiàng)不選。

第4題:考查固定搭配。句意：其三，就收入來說，從住在田納西州的阿巴拉契亞山脈的農(nóng)民和礦工（）德州的富有的石油商人……。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是rangefrom“從……到……”，固定搭配是to；所以答案選D。

第5題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“熟練的，有技能的”；B選項(xiàng)“技能，技巧，本領(lǐng)”；C選項(xiàng)“非技巧的”；D選項(xiàng)“熟練的；靈巧的”句意：……從住在田納西州的阿巴拉契亞山脈的農(nóng)民和礦工到德州的富有的石油商人和新英格蘭（）職業(yè)階層。skilled主要指因受過專門訓(xùn)練、有豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)從而掌握了某項(xiàng)專門的技術(shù)。skillful則主要是指人聰明，做事靈巧，這里根據(jù)上文可知填的是有技能的職業(yè)階層，所以這里答案選A。

第6題:考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“和，并且”；B選項(xiàng)“否則，不然”；C選項(xiàng)“然而，不過”；D選項(xiàng)“即使，盡管”句意：（），“盎格魯—撒克遜人依然是美國(guó)最大的民族”。這里結(jié)合上下文文意應(yīng)該填C；不能選and是因?yàn)榭崭窈竺嬗袀€(gè)逗號(hào)，除非是非正式文本或者有人談話，否則and不能用逗號(hào)把其與句子分開。

第7題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“作曲，構(gòu)成”；B選項(xiàng)“由……組成”；C選項(xiàng)“做……”；D選項(xiàng)“包含，由……組成”。句意：……大概45%的人口。根據(jù)句意，空格應(yīng)填“組成”，而根據(jù)關(guān)鍵介詞about，這里只能選D。A，B選項(xiàng)一般和of搭配，composeof一般用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，consistof一般用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。

第8題:考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)“為了”；B選項(xiàng)“像，如同”；C選項(xiàng)“如何”；D選項(xiàng)as“像……一樣”。句意：如果像一些外國(guó)人那樣想象其他族裔的美國(guó)人模仿了“盎格魯—撒克遜”的生活方式或采用了“盎格魯-撒克遜”的習(xí)俗，那將是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。表示“以某種方式”用as，因此選D。

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“試圖”；B選項(xiàng)“使適應(yīng)”；C選項(xiàng)“積累”；D選項(xiàng)“收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，采取”。句意：……美國(guó)其他民族效仿“盎格魯-撒克遜”的生活方式或者（）“盎格魯—撒克遜”的習(xí)俗。根據(jù)句意D選項(xiàng)符合邏輯，要么就是效仿其生活方式，要么就是采取了該習(xí)俗。

第10題:考查固定搭配。句意：但甚至在非“盎格魯—撒克遜”移民涌入之前，美國(guó)人就已經(jīng)比英國(guó)人更像美國(guó)人了。farmorethan是固定搭配，意為“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過”，因此選C。

第11題:考查連詞辨析。句意：無論他們的種族起源，新英格蘭、中西部、遠(yuǎn)西、南部和西南部的美國(guó)人都有他們地區(qū)的特點(diǎn)。whatever表示“無論什么”，因此選A。

第12題:考查固定搭配。句意：但是他們?nèi)匀挥性S多事是相同的。這里根據(jù)固定搭配incommon（相同的），答案應(yīng)該選A。

第13題:考查固定搭配。句意：他們寧愿自律也不愿被人約束。根據(jù)固定搭配prefertodosthratherthan(to)dosth，答案選be動(dòng)詞的原形be，所以選A。

第14題:考查固定搭配。句意：他們自豪于自己的獨(dú)立。根據(jù)固定搭配prideyourselfonsth/ondoingsth“引以為榮”，所以答案選D。

第15題:考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“辨認(rèn)出”；B選項(xiàng)“組成，構(gòu)成”；C選項(xiàng)“利用”（一般要接of）；D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致，有助于”。句意：他們自豪于自己的獨(dú)立，他們的（）權(quán)利。根據(jù)固定搭配makeupone’smind“下定決心”。這里要選B。

第16題:考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)“勇敢的”；B選項(xiàng)“只”；C選項(xiàng)“即使”；D選項(xiàng)“不”句意：他們時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著掌握主動(dòng)權(quán)，（）做這個(gè)的時(shí)候有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)句意，這里填的副詞是C，即使有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)想著掌握主動(dòng)權(quán)。

第17題:考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“分發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)“放棄”；C選項(xiàng)“屈服”；D選項(xiàng)“出發(fā)，長(zhǎng)出”。句意：他們有勇氣，不輕易（）。根據(jù)句意，這里答案選C，勇氣對(duì)應(yīng)的是屈服，恒心對(duì)應(yīng)的是放棄。

第18題:考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“除了，不同于”；B選項(xiàng)“不只是”；C選項(xiàng)“而不是；寧可……也不愿”；D選項(xiàng)“少于，不到”。句意：他們會(huì)接受任何地方的任何工作（）失業(yè)。根據(jù)句意，這里答案選C，后面半句是前面半句的對(duì)比說明，他們接受任何工作的原因就是不愿意失業(yè)。

第19題:考查固定搭配。這里的考點(diǎn)是look的固定搭配，A選項(xiàng)lookafter“照顧”；B選項(xiàng)lookfor“尋找”；C選項(xiàng)lookover“檢查”；D選項(xiàng)lookout“注意，照料”。句意：他們不在意被政府（）。從句意看，答案選A最合適，美國(guó)人不在意是否被政府照顧到。

第20題:考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“普通的”；B選項(xiàng)“普通的，平常的”；C選項(xiàng)“平等的”；D選項(xiàng)“平均的”。句意：一個(gè)（）美國(guó)人在他的一生中會(huì)換9-10次工作。ordinary意為“普通的，平淡無奇的”指“沒有什么特別的地方”。Weareallordinarypeople.（我們都是普通人）；common意為“共同的，普遍的”Thiscustomisverycommoninthatarea.（這種風(fēng)俗在那個(gè)地方很普遍）；average意為“平均的，中等的，普通的，平常的”anarticleofaveragequality（質(zhì)量一般的貨品）。

10.單選題

Theatmospherecontainswatervapor,butthereisalimittohowmuchwatercanbeevaporatedintoagivenvolumeofair,justasthereisalimittohowmuchsugarcanbedissolvedinonecupfulofcoffee.Moresugarcanbedissolvedinhotcoffeethanincold.Agivenvolumeofaircanholdmorewatervaporatahighertemperaturethanatalowertemperature.Theairissaidtobesaturatedwhenitholdsasmuchwatervaporasitcanatthetemperature.At20°Cacubicmeterofaircanholdabout17gramofwatervapor;at30°Citcanholdabout30gram.Usuallytheatmosphereisnotsaturated.Relativehumidity(expressedinpercent)istheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.Forexample,ifacubicmeterofairat20°Ccontains12gramofwatervapor,therelativehumidityis12gm/17gmx100=71%.Hydrometersareinstrumentsformeasuringrelativehumidity.Readingsonwetanddrybulbthermometerscanbecomparedwiththeaidofachartfromwhichonecanthenreadofftherelativehumidity.Thebasicprincipleofthisisthatevaporationisacoolingprocess.Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.Thereisnosimpleformulaforconvertingthistemperaturedifferencetorelativehumidity,andthereforeachartisused.

Ifunsaturatedairiscooled,itsrelativehumiditygoesup.Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.

1.Whenthereadingsonthewet-bulbthermometerandthedry-bulbthermometeraresimilar,wemayassumethat（

）.

2.Whenthetemperatureoftheairrisesabovethedewpoint,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wehaverelativehumidity

B.theairissaturated

C.thethermometerisinefficient

D.thetemperatureisabouttorise

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dewwillform

B.itwillrain

C.therelativehumidityexceeds100%

D.evaporationislikelytotakeplace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Relativehumidityistheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.（相對(duì)濕度是給定體積空氣中實(shí)際存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量與飽和時(shí)存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量之比）和Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.（當(dāng)相對(duì)濕度較低時(shí)，濕球溫度計(jì)的蒸發(fā)率將很高，因此在這一天，濕球溫度計(jì)的讀數(shù)將大大低于干球溫度計(jì)）可推測(cè)當(dāng)干濕球溫度中的度數(shù)相近時(shí)，則說明相對(duì)濕度高，故相對(duì)濕度越高說明空氣中實(shí)際水蒸氣含量越接近飽和，因此選B。

2.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.（如果空氣溫度下降到足夠的程度，就會(huì)達(dá)到飽和，多余的水分就會(huì)沉淀出來。露點(diǎn)是指空氣必須冷卻到的溫度，以達(dá)到飽和，然后才會(huì)形成冷凝）可推測(cè)當(dāng)空氣中的溫度上升到高于露點(diǎn)溫度時(shí)，空氣中水汽將不會(huì)達(dá)到飽和，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生蒸發(fā)，因此選D。

11.單選題

Womenwantthesamepayiftheyholdthesamejobsasmen.Athome,however,theydonotexpecttheirhusbandsto()inthehousework.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.have

C.share

D.divide

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果婦女從事與男子相同的工作，她們希望得到相同的報(bào)酬。然而，在家里，她們不指望丈夫分擔(dān)家務(wù)。Sharein為常用搭配，表示分享，分擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)題意本題表述的是每隔一段時(shí)間可以去周邊旅游，因此選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符，而選項(xiàng)D是固定搭配atregularintervals“每隔一段時(shí)間”因此選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)正確。句意：學(xué)生和老師可以每隔一段時(shí)間參加島嶼周圍美麗的海灘活動(dòng)。

13.翻譯題

舞獅是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來好運(yùn)的吉祥物(mascot)。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代，獅舞就己經(jīng)被引入了皇室，因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。

【答案】LiondanceisoneofthemostpopularfolkdancesinChina.Thelionisthekingofanimals.InChinesetradition,thelionisregardedasamascot,whichcanbringgoodluck.Theancientsawthelionastheembodimentofcourageandstrength,whichcoulddriveawayevilandprotecthumanbeings.Itisrecordedthattheliondancehasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Inthetangdynasty,theliondancewasintroducedintotheroyalfamily.Therefore,performingtheliondanceattheLanternFestivalandotherfestiveoccasionsbecameacustomwherepeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safetyandhappiness.

14.單選題

Everybodygetssick.Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend.Fortunately,mostofusinmodernindustrializedsocietiescantakerelativelygoodhealthforgrantedmostofthetime.Infact,wetendtofullyrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealthonlywhenweorthoseclosetousbecomeseriouslyill.Atsuchtimeswekeenlyappreciatetheancienttruththathealthisourmostpreciousasset,oneforwhichwemightreadilygiveupsuchrewardsaspower,wealth,orfame.

Becauseillhealthisuniversalproblem,affectingboththeindividualandsociety,thehumanresponsetosicknessisalwayssociallyorganized.Nosocietyleavestheresponsibilityformaintaininghealthandtreatingillhealthentirelytotheindividual.Eachsocietydevelopsitsownconceptsofhealthandsicknessandauthorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated.Aroundthisfocustherearises,overtime,anumberofstandards,values,groups,statuses,androles:inotherwords,aninstitution.Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease.

Inthesimplestpre-industrialsocieties,medicineisusuallyanaspectofreligion.Thesocialarrangementsfordealingwithsicknessarcveryelementary,ofteninvolvingonlytworoles:thesickandthehealer.Thelatteristypicallyalsothepriest,whoreliesprimarilyonreligiousceremonies,bothtoidentifyandtotreatdisease:forexample,bonesmaybethrowntoestablishacause,songsmaybeusedtobringaboutacure.Inmodemindustrializedsocieties,ontheotherhand,theinstitutionhasbecomehighlycomplicatedandspecialized,includingdozensofrolessuchasthoseofbrainsurgeon,druggist,andhospitaladministrator,linkedwithvariousorganizationssuchasnursinghomes,insurancecompanies,andmedicalschools.Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraphI?

2.Theword“authorize”inParagraph2means“（

）.

3.InParagraph2,welearnthatthesociologistregardsmedicineas

（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Theauthorofthispassageismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nowadaysmostpeoplebelievetheycanhavefairlygoodhealth.

B.Humanlifeinvolvesagreatdealofpainandsuffering.

C.Mostofusareawareofthefullvalueofhealth.

D.Ancientpeoplebelievedthathealthwasmoreexpensivethananythingelse.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.makewayfor

B.givepowerto

C.writeanorderfor

D.makeitpossiblefor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.asystemwhosepurposeistotreatdiseaseandkeeppeoplehealthy

B.auniversalproblemthataffectseverysociety

C.asocialresponsibilitytotreatillhealth

D.asciencethatfocusesonthetreatmentofdisease

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inthepast,bonesmightbeusedtodecidewhypeoplefellill.

B.inpre-industrialsocietiespriestssometimestreatedpatientsbysinging.

C.Modemmedicineissocomplicatedthatsociologynolongerhasaplaceinit.

D.Therewereonlytworolesinanelementarymedicalsystem,thepatientandtheonewhotriedtocurehim.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sociologicalaspectsinmedicine

B.medicaltreatmentofdiseases

C.thedevelopmentofmedicalscience

D.theroleofreligioninmedicine

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第一段，下列哪個(gè)描述是正確的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受傷讓我們痛苦一生，直到對(duì)身體的一些攻擊能讓我們死去”（Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend），選項(xiàng)B“人生有許多痛苦和磨難”符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是……”。文章第二段提到某些人去決定誰生了病，以及決定這些病人被怎樣處理（authorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated），選項(xiàng)B“給……以權(quán)力”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在第二段中，我們可以得知社會(huì)學(xué)家將藥品作為……”。文章第二段的最后一句“對(duì)于社會(huì)學(xué)家來說，醫(yī)學(xué)是關(guān)于維持健康和治療疾病的一種制度”（Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease），選項(xiàng)A“一種以治療疾病和維持人體健康為目的的體系”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第三段，下列不正確的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費(fèi)多的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），所以選項(xiàng)C“現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)如此復(fù)雜，以至于社會(huì)學(xué)在其中不再有任何位置”與描述不符合，所以是答案。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章作者關(guān)心的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費(fèi)多的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），選項(xiàng)A“醫(yī)學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)方面”符合題意。

15.單選題

Whenyoufillintheapplicationform,pleaseuseyour（

）addresssothatwecancontactyoueasilylater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.policy

B.plain

C.permanent

D.principal

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)policy“政策，方針”；B選項(xiàng)plain“平的，簡(jiǎn)單的”；C選項(xiàng)permanent“永久的，永恒的”；D選項(xiàng)principal“主要的；資本的”。句意為：當(dāng)您填寫申請(qǐng)表時(shí)，請(qǐng)使用您的固定地址，以便我們以后容易聯(lián)系您。C選項(xiàng)permanent“永久的，永恒的”符合語境，正確答案選C。

16.單選題

Themeetingwas（

）bytheNationalAssociationofWomenforthepurposeoffurtheringthewomen’sliberationmovement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.chaired

B.sponsored

C.participated

D.assigned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。chair意為“擔(dān)任（會(huì)議、討論等的）主席，主持（會(huì)議、討論等）”；sponsor意為“贊助（活動(dòng)、節(jié)目）等，主辦，舉辦”；participate意為“參加，參與”；assign意為“分派，選派，分配”。

句意：會(huì)議由全國(guó)婦女協(xié)會(huì)主辦，目的是促進(jìn)婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。

17.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）

onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compile“編輯”；B選項(xiàng)gather“聚集、收集”；C選項(xiàng)collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”；D選項(xiàng)collect“收集、收藏”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“worktogether一起工作”可聯(lián)系到collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”，句意為：當(dāng)莎拉和我為校報(bào)合作寫一篇文章時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一起工作是很困難的。故正確答案選C。

18.單選題

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞及名詞辨析。elite“精英；精華”；disenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的人”；reactionaries“反動(dòng)派”；dissatisfied“不滿意的；不高興的”。句意：在社會(huì)穩(wěn)定時(shí)期，很多藝術(shù)學(xué)院被教條主義者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有創(chuàng)意的作品必須由那些被剝奪了權(quán)利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教條主義者控制”及“realcreativework真正有創(chuàng)意的作品”的對(duì)應(yīng)知“真正有創(chuàng)意的作品都是由藝術(shù)學(xué)院里被剝奪了權(quán)利的人來完成。被教條主義控制意味著被剝奪了權(quán)利。

19.單選題

BruceStephengripped（

）thewheelhardasthecarbouncedupanddown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stirring

B.driving

C.steering

D.revolving

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。stirring“激起”；driving“駕駛”；steering“掌舵”；revolving“旋轉(zhuǎn)”。句意：當(dāng)汽車上下彈跳時(shí)BruceStephen僅僅抓住了方向盤。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritemayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’'sbiography—-notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionbeheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknessestothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"“authorized”"bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."“Unauthorized”"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”’’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“"authentic”"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”’’storyofalife,perha