考研考博-英語-東莞理工學院城市學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東莞理工學院城市學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.填空題

Who（1）youyourfirstChinesecharacterswhenyouwereachild?Anddidyouuseapencil,apen（2）abrushtowritethem?

【答案】1.taught

2.and

【解析】1.語義題。teachsb.sth.“教授某人”，由題干的表示時間的“whenyouwereachild”可知第一個空應(yīng)填入teach的過去式taught。

2.邏輯分析。apencil,apen,abrush三者是并列關(guān)系,用and連接表示列舉。

2.單選題

問題1選項

A.ThenecessitytobeaPA

B.HerloveforthepositionofPA

C.HerjourneytobeingaPA

D.ThehardshipshesufferedforbeingaPA

問題2選項

A.HerfamilyencouragedhertochoosePA

B.ShedidhaveinterestinPA

C.Physicaltherapyisnotaccessibletoher

D.ItiseasierforhertobeaPA

問題3選項

A.Sheshouldacquireamaster'sdegree

B.SheneededtostudyOrganicChemistry

C.ShehadtohavetheexperienceinAnatomy

D.Sheshouldpreparesomematerialsshedidn'thave

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:本文說到的是說話人成為PA的經(jīng)歷，因此C選項“HerjourneytobeingaPA”正確。

第2題:說話者說到了成為醫(yī)生助理的原因：IlookedmoreintothePAroutebecauseIwasreallyinterestedinit（我更多地關(guān)注了PA路線，因為我真的很感興趣）。因此B選項正確。

第3題:文中說到“IstillneededsomelearninginsubjectslikeorganicchemistryandanatomiesandstuffthatIdidn'thave（我還需要學習一些學科，比如有機化學和解剖學，還有一些我沒有學過的東西）”，對比信息，可知B選項正確。

3.單選題

____thesightofthepoliceofficers,themenranoff.

問題1選項

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.With

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthesightof…相當于onseeing...指一看見...就...。句意：那些人一看見警察就跑了。inthesightofsb.指在某人看來,不符合句意。所以本題選B。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

當我們進入數(shù)碼物件的電子時代時，最重要的是要意識到新技術(shù)已經(jīng)給我們這個社會帶來了很多挑戰(zhàn)，其中之一就是如何在這個電子時代保存好歷史檔案記錄。更重要的是我們要知道，我們正在步入這樣一個時代：即我們今天所熟知的很多東西以及用電子方式編碼和寫入的很多東西將會永久丟失。其中一個例子就是遍布世界各地政府和大學的很多數(shù)據(jù)集由于技術(shù)的變化而被淘汰了，而且這些數(shù)據(jù)將來要么丟失，要么需要采取髙昂的“營救”措施來挽救它們。在我看來，我們正生活在一個數(shù)碼黑暗時代。因此，圖書和檔案管理員肩挑的責任就是要恪守我們這個時代崇尚歷史和出版遺產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)。

【答案】Asweentertheelectronicageofdigitalobjects,themostsignificantthingistorecognizethatnewtechnologieshavebroughtmanychallengestooursociety.Oneofthemishowtopreservehistoricalrecordsinthiselectronicage.Moreimportantly,wearemovingintoanerainwhichmuchofwhatweknowtoday,andmuchofwhatisencodedandwrittenelectronically,willbelostforever.Oneexampleisthatmanydatasetsfromgovernmentsanduniversitiesaroundtheworldareobsoletedduetochangesintechnology,andthatdatawilleitherbelostinthefutureorwillrequirecostly“rescue”measurestosaveit.Inmyopinion,wearelivinginadigitaldarkage.Therefore,theresponsibilityoflibrariansandarchivistsistoscrupulouslyabidebythehistoricalandpublishingheritageweupholdinourtime.

5.單選題

()lastyearandisnowearninghislivingasanadvertisingagent.

問題1選項

A.Hewouldleaveschool

B.Heleftschool

C.Hehadleftschool

D.Hehasleftschool

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)問題。leftschool在前，工作在后，只說明兩個動作的先后，所以空格處應(yīng)使用過去式。因此B選項符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Inthisbook,weofferadvicethatwehopewillseemreasonableandworthseriousconsideration.Butasanyexperiencedwriterknows,thereareoccasionswheneventhebestadvicemaynotapply.Thedemandsofwritingfordifferentaudiences,withdifferentpurposes,ondifferentsubjects,atdifferentlevelsofformalityaresovariedthattheycannotbegintobeanticipatedinabooklikethis,andwerecognizethatwhatisappropriateforonepieceofwritingmaynotbeappropriateforanother.Inmostcases,youwillhavetoavoidambiguityatallcostssoasnottoleaveyourwordsopentomisinterpretation.

【答案】答：

在本書中，我們提供了一些建議，我們希望這些建議看起來是合理并值得認真考慮的。但正如任何有經(jīng)驗的作家都知道的那樣，在某些情況下，即使是最好的建議也可能不適用。寫作要針對不同的讀者，有不同的目的，有不同的題材，語言的正式程度也不同，所有提出的這一切的要求本書是無法預見到的。我們認識到適合一篇文章的東西不一定適合另一篇文章。在大多數(shù)情況下，你必須不惜一切代價避免含糊不清，目的是防止人們隨意曲解你使用的文字。

7.單選題

ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatherecommendsthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.Isuggestedthatthedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.Suchaprogramwouldnotonlyimproveteachingtheoryandtechnique,itwouldmakeclearwhatcompetenciesarerequiredofagoodteacherandhelpprofessorsattainthem.Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.Competenteducationalresearchisnomoreapart-timeactivitythancompetentscientificresearch.Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.Thereisnoreasontobelievethataneffectivetheoryandtechnologyofinstructionisanyeasiertoachievethancontrollednuclearfusion.Itiscertainlyeverybitasworthy.

1.ProfessorKlinebelievesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversities（）.

2.Theauthorwantstoimprove（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatscientificresearch（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthoreducationalresearch（）.

5.Educationalresearchinmostuniversitiestoday（）.

問題1選項

A.leadstotheestablishmentofseparateresearchinstitutes

B.isharmfultoteaching

C.functionswellintheuniversities

D.isfinanciallyunsound

問題2選項

A.researchinstitutes

B.developmentprograms

C.educationalresearch

D.part-timeactivity

問題3選項

A.isnotnecessarilyeasierthaneducationalresearch

B.hasstandardsthateducationalresearchcannotattain

C.witheducationalresearch

D.mustberelegatedtoapart-timeactivity

問題4選項

A.isrelativelyeasy

B.isquitecomplex

C.isoftentrivial

D.shouldhavelowerstandards

問題5選項

A.receivesadequatesupport

B.isnolongerapart-tomeactivity

C.iseasytoachieve

D.needsmorecommitment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.，可知，ProfessorKline認為研究成果的競爭會對教育產(chǎn)生負面的影響，從而降低教學質(zhì)量，即對教學有不利影響。因此，B項為正確答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由原文…thedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.以及Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch…可知，作者認為必須提高educationalresearch的地位，要把educationalresearch和scientificresearch放在同等重要的位置共謀發(fā)展。A選項researchinstitutes一直就是學校比較重視的方面；B選項并未在文中單獨說明；D選項也不是側(cè)重點。因此，C項符合原文，為正確答案。

3.觀點態(tài)度題。由原文Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.可知，作者認為教育研究應(yīng)該與科學研究有一樣的標準，但是如果沒有同等的投入和支持，無法實現(xiàn)這些標準。因此，B項認為“科學研究的有些標準，教育研究無法實現(xiàn)”是正確答案。故本題選擇B項。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.可知，作者認為教育研究并不簡單，難度不亞于解開人類思維的復雜性。故本題正確答案為B項。

5.細節(jié)事實題。通過原文Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.可知，如今在大學中，教育研究需要更多的承諾，教授們有責任促進教學科研水平的提高，而不是減少這類研究。因此，D項是正確答案。

8.單選題

The（）ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

問題1選項

A.implementation

B.manifestation

C.demonstration

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項implementation“實現(xiàn)，履行”；B選項manifestation“表現(xiàn)，顯示”；C選項demonstration“示范，證明”；D選項expedition“遠征”。句意：一種文化現(xiàn)象的_____通常是人們生活方式的某種物質(zhì)方面所產(chǎn)生的必然結(jié)果。表達的含義是“一種文化現(xiàn)象的表現(xiàn)”，因此B選項符合題意。

9.寫作題

Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthefactthatstudentsofhumanityandartcanbenefitthemselvesalotbyattendingtoscienceorengineeringcourse,andthestudentsofscienceandengineeringcanprofitbyreferringtohumanitydisciplinessuchasliterature,linguistics,history,andartsetcTheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenartandscienceisknowntoallofus,thoughsomemanyvoicedifferentopinions.Buthowtorelatesciencetoartisabigquestionforstudents.Nowpleasegiveyourstanceorposeasaresearcherinyourareainlightofrelatingarttoscienceifyouareacceptedasapostgraduatestudent.

Youshouldsupplyatitleforyourarticlewhichshouldbeabout300wordsinlength.Inthefirstpartofyourarticleyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】ScienceandArt10.單選題

Allflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.

問題1選項

A.hadbeencanceled

B.havebeencanceled

C.werecanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因為暴風雪所有的航班都被取消了，很多乘客不得不改乘火車。

語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)語態(tài)。前后句子主語不一致,因此前面句子應(yīng)該用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因:邏輯主語+doing,前面句子邏輯主語是Allflights,謂語動詞是cancel(取消),所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。而且前面句子發(fā)生在后面句子之前,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。

11.單選題

Theboysinthedorm（）acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.

問題1選項

A.held

B.tossed

C.put

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項hold“持有；保存；召開”；B選項toss“拋；搖勻；顛簸”；C選項put“出發(fā)；航行；發(fā)芽”；D選項collect“收集；募捐”。句意：宿舍里的男生……硬幣決定誰來掃地。這里是指“扔硬幣”來做決定，因此B選項toss符合句意。

12.單選題

Developingapeaceful,understanding,andsupportiverelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenisnotaneasytask.Failurescananddooccuratanyagelevel,andattimestheresultsarctheabuse,neglect,andevendeathofchildren.

Childabusehasbecomeamajortopicinchilddevelopmentandanissueofmuchnationalconcern.Inthespanoffourlegislativeyears,1963-1967,allfiftystatesenactedlawscallingforthereportingofinjuriesinflictedonchildren.By1973,theUnitedStatesCongresspassedtheChildAbusePreventionandTreatmentAct(PublicLaw93-247).Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.

Thequestion"whatcauseschildabuse?"haspromptedmuchdebate.ThesinglemostpersistentmythwhichhadplaguedeffortstounderstandcausesisthenotionthatparentswhoabusechildrenarementallydisturbedorilkAlthoughthereisnospecificpsychiatricdiagnosiswhichcomprisesthebehaviorandpersonalitiesofabuser,theyseemtoshareacommonstyleofchildrearing.Thoseparentsdemandhighlevelsofchildperformanceandtheyoftenuseseverephysicalpunishmenttoensurethechild'sproperbehavior.Abusiveparentsthemselveswereraisedinsimilarfamilysituationsandtheirownchildhoodexperiencehasalastinginfluenceontheirbehaviorasadults.

Currentresearchhassuggested,however,thatthe"abuserissick"hypothesisistoolimiteD.Abroadersocial,psychologicalapproachrecognizesthatsomepersonalproblemsareimplicitbutthatpsychologicalfactorsariseoutofasocialcontext.Socialfactorsincludeunemployment,socialisolation,andunwantedpregnancy.Moreover,findingsthatabuseoccursmorefrequentlyinlargerfamiliesandfamilieswithlowincome,pooreducation,andlowoccupationalstatussuggestthatmanysuchparentscannotwithstandthetwenty-four-hour-a-dayresponsibilitytoraiseandcarefortheirchildren.Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.

1.Thisselectionsuggeststhatchildabuseis（）.

2.Wecanknowfromthesecondparagraphthatthelawpassedby1973（）.

3.Thepersonwhoisleastlikelytobeachild-abusingparentistheonewho（）.

4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostprobablyacauseofchildabuse?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項

A.agrowingproblemwhosecausesarenotfullyunderstood

B.causedprimarilybythementalillnessofparents

C.aproblemintheUnitedStates,butagreateroneinEurope

D.easilydeterminedbecauseofrecentpubliclaws

問題2選項

A.receivedlittleattentionfromthepublic

B.wascondemnedbyabusiveparents

C.wasaimedtoexpandwelfareprogramsoftheUnitedSlates

D.helpedmuchinclarifyingtheproblem

問題3選項

A.wasraisedinabusivefamilysituationshimself

B.createsapeacefulandsupportivefamilyenvironmentforhischildren

C.isunemployedorsociallyisolated

D.ismentallyill

問題4選項

A.Toohighanincomeoftheparents

B.Unemploymentoftheparents

C.Poorhealthofthechild

D.Peculiarpersonalitiesofthechild

問題5選項

A.ViolenceonTVmaycontributetochildabuse.

B.Medicaldoctorsarelargelytoblameforunreportedcasesofchildabuse.

C.Themediashouldnotdescribethedetailsofchildabusecases.

D.Violenceinoursocietyisacceptableunlesschildrenarevictims.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章首先提出虐待兒童的這個問題變得日益嚴重，但后面兩段就其原因進行分析，沒有給出一個確切的答案，所以選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.”這項法律不僅反映了有關(guān)公民的情緒，而且為消除關(guān)于什么是虐待兒童而產(chǎn)生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是說，幫忙澄清了什么是虐待兒童的問題，所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，虐待兒童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭環(huán)境中長大，所以才會有虐待兒童的行為，首先排除選項A和D；根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，社會因素包括失業(yè)、社會孤立等也有可能導致父母有虐待兒童的傾向，所以選項C也不正確；選項B為孩子創(chuàng)造一個和平和支持的家庭環(huán)境的父母是最不可能虐待兒童的。選項B正確。

4.根據(jù)上一題可知，選項中最容易造成兒童虐待的應(yīng)該是失業(yè)的父母，所以選項B正確。

5.選項A中的影視暴力在文中沒有提及；選項B沒有報道出來的兒童虐待案和醫(yī)生沒什么關(guān)系，所以錯誤；選項C在文中沒有涉及；根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.”這些問題加劇了局勢，特別是在我們的暴力文化中普遍贊同暴力的情況下。由此可推斷，暴力是可以被接受，只要不發(fā)生在孩子們身上，所以選項D符合原文。

13.翻譯題

Thefreedomofartismorethananideal.If,despitethesmallchanceofsuccess,theprofessionofartistissopopular,itisbecauseitofferstheprospectofalaborthatisapparentlyfreeofnarrowspecialization,allowingartists,likeheroesinthemovies,toendowworkandlifewiththeirownmeanings.Equallyfortheviewersofart,thereisacorrespondingfreedominappreciatingthepurposelessplayofideasandforms,notinslavishlyattemptingtodivineartists'intentions,butinallowingtheworktoelicitthoughtsandsensationsthatconnectwiththeirownexperiences.Thewealthybuythemselvesparticipationinthisfreezonethroughownershipandpatronage,andtheyarebuyingsomethinggenuinelyvaluable;thestateensuresthatawiderpublichasatleasttheopportunitytobreatheforawhilethescentoffreedomthatworksofartemit.Yettherearereasonstowonderwhetherfreetradeandfreeartareasantitheticalastheyseem.Firstly,theeconomyofartcloselyreflectstheeconomyoffinancecapital.Inarecentanalysisofthemeaningofculturaldominance,DonaldSassoonexploredpatternsofimportandexportofnovels,opera,andfilmsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.

Culturallydominantstateshaveabundantlocalproductionthatmeetsthedemandsoftheirhomemarkets,importinglittleandsuccessfullyexportingmuch.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranceandBritainwerethedominantliterarypowers.TheUSisnowbyfarthemostdominantculturalstate,exportingitsproductsgloballywhileimportingverylittle.

AsSassoonpointsout,thisdoesnotmeanthateveryoneconsumesAmericanculture,justthatmostoftheculturethatcirculatesacrossnationalboundariesisAmerican.Sassoonrulesfineartoutofhisaccountonthesensiblegroundsthatithasnomassmarket.Itishardtoreadtradefiguresforsignsofculturaldominanceinasystemthatisthoroughlycosmopolitan,sothatyouhaveaGermancollectorbuyingthroughaBritishdealertheworkofaChineseartistresidentintheUS.Wecan,however,getanideaofthevolumeoftradeineachnation,and,giventhehighproportionofinternationaltradeintheartmarket,thisdoesgiveanindicationofglobalhegemony.Heretherearestrikingparallelswiththedistributionoffinancialpower.ItishardlysurprisingthattheUSisdominant,accountingforalittlelessthanahalfofallglobalartsales;Europeaccountsformuchoftherest,withtheUKtakingasitssharearoundahalfofthat.

【答案】藝術(shù)的自由不僅僅是一種理想。盡管成功的幾率很小，藝術(shù)家這個行業(yè)很受歡迎，這是因為它提供了一種勞動前景，這顯然擺脫了專業(yè)狹隘化的限制，讓藝術(shù)家像電影里的英雄一樣，賦予自己工作和生活的意義。同樣地，對于藝術(shù)欣賞者來說，在欣賞無目的的藝術(shù)思想和形式時也有一種相應(yīng)的自由，而這種欣賞不是盲目地試圖揣測藝術(shù)家的意圖，而是讓作品激發(fā)他們與個人自身經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的想法和感覺。

然而，我們有理由懷疑自由貿(mào)易和自由藝術(shù)是否和它們看起來那樣相反。首先，藝術(shù)經(jīng)濟嚴密地反映了金融資本經(jīng)濟。

文化占主導地位的國家擁有豐富的當?shù)匚幕?，能夠滿足國內(nèi)市場的需求，因而可以少引進，多出口。

正如Sassoon指出，這并不意味著每個人都要消費美國文化，只是大多數(shù)跨國界傳播的文化都是美國文化。

Sassoon挑選好的藝術(shù)作品是經(jīng)過自己理智考慮的，在于它有沒有巨大的市場。在一個完全國際化的體系中，很難從貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)中判斷文化是否處于主導地位。所以，可能存在這樣的情況，一位德國收藏家從一個英國商人那里買到了一位華裔藝術(shù)家的作品。然而，了解每個國家文化產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易量，鑒于一個國家藝術(shù)產(chǎn)品在整個藝術(shù)市場所占的比例，可以判斷出這個國家的文化藝術(shù)品是否處于國際領(lǐng)導地位。下面是一些有關(guān)于金融大國比例分配驚人的相似點。

14.單選題

Therelationofthesalestaxtotheproblemofsocialbalanceisadmirablydirect.Thecommunityisrichinprivatelyproducedgoods.Itispoorinpublicservices.Theobvioussolutionistotaxtheformertoprovidethelatter—bymakingprivategoodsmoreexpensive,Thepublicgoodsaremademoreabundant.Motionpictures,electronicequipment,andcigarettesaremademorecostlysothatschoolscanbemorehandsomelysupported.Wepaymoreforsoap,make-ups,andvacuumcleanersinorderthatwemayhavecleanercitiesandfeweroccasionstousethem.Wehavemoreexpensivecarsandgasolinesothatwemayhavehighwaysandstreetsonwhichtodrivethem.Foodbeingcomparativelycheapandabundant,wetaxitinordertohavebetterservicesandbetterhealthinwhichtoenjoyit.Thisstraightforwardsolutionhasthefurtheradvantagethatsalestaxationcanbeemployedwithfairefficiencybystatesandevenbycities.Itisintheservicesrenderedbythesegovernmentsthattheproblemofsocialbalanceisespeciallysevere.Theyieldofthesalestaxincreaseswithincreasingproduction.Aswantsareplannedforprivategoods,morebenefitsareprovidedforpublicuse.Thegeneralpropertytax,theprincipalalternativetothesalestax,isrigidandinflexible.Sinceitsratesmustordinarilyberaisedforadditionalservices,includingthosethatareassociatedwithincreasingincomeandproduct,theburdenofprovingneedisespeciallyheavy.Thistaxisapoorservantofsocialbalance.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Theword‘handsomely’(Line5)means（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefadvantageofthesalestaxisthatit

（

）.

4.Thepropertytaxisnotregardedasanidealsolutiontosocialneedsbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthorofthispassageismostinterestedintellingusabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thepropertytaxisdifficulttocollect.

B.Thesalestaxcanbeeasilyincreased.

C.Thesalestaxhaslittleornosocialvalue.

D.Thecommunityhasabundantgoodsproducedbyprivateenterprises.

問題2選項

A.skillfully

B.generously

C.earnestly

D.easily

問題3選項

A.isadirectmeansofachievingsocialbalance

B.canbeimposedbycitiesandstates

C.islesseffectivethanthepropertytax

D.isapplicabletowideareas

問題4選項

A.itmustbechangedbytheHouseofRepresentatives

B.itisnotstraightforwardasisthesalestax

C.itcanbeimposedbycitiesbutnotbystates

D.itsrisedependsonincreasingtheneedforadditionalservices

問題5選項

A.thecollectionofthepropertytax

B.therelationoftaxestotheproblemofsocialbalance

C.thebalanceofpublicandprivateconsumption

D.thesalestaxasasocialmeans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文“Thegeneralpropertytaxisrigidandinflexible.”可知選項A正確；根據(jù)原文“Theyieldofthesalestaxincreaseswithincreasingproduction.”可知選項B符合原文；根據(jù)原文第一句“Therelationofthesalestaxtotheproblemofsocialbalanceisadmirablydirect.”可知選項C不正確；根據(jù)原文第二句“Thecommunityisrichinprivatelyproducedgoods.”可知選項D正確，所以本題選C。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)原文“...—bymakingprivategoodsmoreexpensive,thepublicgoodsaremademoreabundant.Motionpictures,electronicequipment,andcigarettesaremademorecostlysothatschoolscanbemorehandsomelysupported.”可知后面是對前面的論據(jù)列舉的一個具體的例子。costly和expensive相對應(yīng)，所以handsomely和abundant相對應(yīng)。skillfully巧妙地,精巧地；generously慷慨地,大方地；earnestly認真地，誠摯地；easily容易地,無疑地。只有選項B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文可知，這種直截了當?shù)慕鉀Q方案還有一個更大的優(yōu)勢，那就是各州甚至城市都可以公平高效地征收銷售稅。正是在這些政府提供的服務(wù)中，社會平衡的問題特別嚴重。作者著重強調(diào)的是socialbalance，而不是政府的服務(wù)。所以選項A正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)二三句“Thegeneralpropertytax,theprincipalalternativetothesalestax,isrigidandinflexible.Sinceitsratesmustordinarilyberaisedforadditionalservices,...”可知選項D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知本文主要是講營業(yè)稅對社會平衡的作用和影響，所以選項D更符合原文。

15.單選題

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistory,andcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKen;alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

1.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto（

）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

（

）.

4.InParagraph5,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

（

）.

5.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatetha（

）.

問題1選項

A.searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant

B.checksuspects5phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

C.preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents

D.prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones

問題2選項

A.tolerance

B.indifference

C.disapproval

D.cautiousness

問題3選項

A.gettingintoone'sresidence

B.handingone’shistoricalrecords

C.scanningone’scorrespondences

D.goingthroughone’swallet

問題4選項

A.principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed

B.thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction

C.phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation

D.citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected

問題5選項

A.TheConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly

B.NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

C.California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution

D.PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtere

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest(美國最高法院現(xiàn)在將會考慮警察在沒有搜查證的情況下是否可以對被逮捕人員手邊的手機內(nèi)容進行搜查)，由此可知B項“在沒有授權(quán)的情況下檢查嫌疑犯的手機內(nèi)容”正確。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。第四段指出:TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse(他們（即法官們）應(yīng)該從拋棄加州站不住腳的論點（即例如仔細查閱有著大量數(shù)字信息的智能手機內(nèi)容與仔細檢查嫌疑犯的錢包類似）開始)，由此可推知作者對加州論點是不贊成的，故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞exploringone’sphonecontent定位至第四段中:Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome(但是仔細查閱一個人的手機更像進入他或她的住宅)。因此A項“進入—個人的住宅”正確。

4.判斷推理題。第五段指出:New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections(顛覆性的新技術(shù)有時要求憲法保護的新應(yīng)用)。...theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.……(現(xiàn)在他們應(yīng)該解決第四條修正案如何適用于數(shù)字信息)。因此D項“公民的隱私?jīng)]有有效地被保護”正確。

5.判斷推理題。第五段指出:New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections(顛覆性的新技術(shù)有時要求憲法保護的新應(yīng)用),由此可推知B項“新技術(shù)要求重新解釋憲法”正確。

16.單選題

Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena（）interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.

問題1選項

A.splendid

B.weighty

C.vague

D.keen

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項splendid“壯麗的”；B選項weighty“重的”；C選項vague“模糊的”；D選項keen“熱切的”。句意：我的祖父一直對我的作品很感興趣，我也同樣欣賞他那個時代的故事。本句表示有濃厚的興趣，因此D選項正確。

17.單選題

Thosemosquitobiteswillitchevenmoreifyou（）them.

問題1選項

A.rub

B.scratch

C.scrub

D.brush

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果你撓蚊蟲叮咬的地方，會更癢。

考查動詞辨析。rub摩擦;scratch撓，搔;scrub擦洗，刷洗；brush（用刷子）刷凈。因此B正確。

18.單選題

ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

問題1選項

A.exchange

B.alter

C.shift

D.alternate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項exchange“交換；交易；兌換”；B選項alter“改變；變更”；C選項shift“轉(zhuǎn)移；改變；替換”；D選項alternate“交替；輪流”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授將輪流給這個班級講課。根據(jù)句中“givingtheclasslectures給這個班級講課”可知“輪流”符合語境，因此D選項正確。

19.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（）?

問題1選項

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。ingredients材料，成分；elements基礎(chǔ)，原理，元素；components（機器的）組件,部件；compounds（化學類的）合成物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜肴除了配料外其他各方面都像肉？選項A符合句意。

20.單選題

Pleasegivemybest______toyourfamily.

問題1選項

A.notice

B.attention

C.regards

D.cares

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項notice“察覺；通知”；B選項attention“注意力”；C選項regards“用在（bestregards）和（withkindregards）等表達方式中，表示對某人的良好祝愿”；D選項cares“關(guān)注”。句意：請代我向你的家人______。根據(jù)語境，這里是禮貌用語，表達對他人的關(guān)心，C選項regards符合題意。因此C選項正確。

21.單選題

Anexperimentcanbe（）bypoorplanning.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.qualified

C.spoiled

D.disclosed

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析