考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theuniversityrefusedtoaccepthimbecausehewasnot（

）foradmission.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.admissible

B.permissible

C.eligible

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。admissible意為“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意為“容許的，許可的”；eligible意為“有資格的，合格的，具備條件的”；suitable意為“合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

句意：這所大學(xué)拒絕接收他，因?yàn)樗缓先雽W(xué)資格。

2.單選題

Scienceisbasedonexperiment，onawillingnessto（）olddogma,onanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.encounter

B.convert

C.challenge

D.formulate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。encounter“偶然遇見(jiàn)”；convert“轉(zhuǎn)換”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；formulate“規(guī)劃”。句意：科學(xué)是基于實(shí)驗(yàn)的，愿意去挑戰(zhàn)老教條，以開(kāi)放的眼光去探求宇宙的本質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

ItisuptotheGovernmenttotackletheairpollutionproblemand____measuresinlinewiththecouncil’ssuggestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.setabout

B.workout

C.fillup

D.bringover

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)setabout“（~doingsth）著手；開(kāi)始做”；B選項(xiàng)workout“制定出；解決；算出”；C選項(xiàng)fillup“填補(bǔ)；裝滿”；D選項(xiàng)bringover“說(shuō)服；把某物或某人帶來(lái)”。句意：政府有責(zé)任解決空氣污染問(wèn)題，并根據(jù)委員會(huì)的建議____措施。根據(jù)句意，政府的責(zé)任是根據(jù)建議，制定計(jì)劃和措施，B選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Nuclearpowersupplies5%oftheworld’senergyfrommorethan400plants.ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.WesternfirmswithreactorstosellwillbeflockingtoTokyoonOctober8thfortheWorldEnergyCongress,agiantconferencefortheenergybusiness.Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.Itisgoodnewsforthereactorvendors;butthesecountriesaremakingamistake.

Theeconomicargumentsforbuildingnewnuclearplantsareflawed.Themarginalcostsofgeneratingelectricityfromnuclearmaybetiny,butasthetechnologynowstands,hugeanduncertaincostsareinvolvedinbuildingthepowerstations,dealingwithspentfuel,anddecommissioning.Manywesterngovernmentswhichsangnuclei’spraisesnowadmitthatgasandhydropowercanproducecheaperelectricity.

Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.Asintherichworld,fossilfuelssuchasgasandcoalareinvariablycheaper.InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.

Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor:thatitisadefenseagainstclimatechange,againstanotherOPEC-administeredoilshock,andagainsttheinevitableexhaustionoffossilfuels.Nonebearscloseexamination.

1.Nuclearpowerhasprovedtobe________.

2.Nuclearreactors________.

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthat________.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.BuildingnuclearplantsmayinvolveallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

6.Theadvantagesnotedbythosefornuclearpower________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indispensable

B.expensive

C.economical

D.competitive

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveceasedtogointooperation

B.areassumedtosellinAsia

C.keepthefavoroftherichworld

D.arerejectedbyFranceandJapan

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.buildinganuclearpowerstationwillnottaketoomuchtime

B.westerncountriesrefusedtobuyanynuclearreactors

C.nuclearreactorsareingreatdemandindevelopingcountries

D.nuclearpoweriscostlytotherichworld,letalonetothepoorworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Chinawilldenyitselftothecompleteuseofnuclearpower.

B.Chinaissupposedtousenuclearpowertoadegree.

C.Theargumentsinfavorofbuildingnuclearpowerarejustifiable.

D.Mostdevelopingcountriesarenotpressedforeithertimeormoney.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.laborintensiveness

B.hugecapitalinvestment

C.longperiodoftime

D.pollution

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.areutterlygroundless

B.areapprovedunquestionable

C.arefullytestified

D.aresubjecttoexamination

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干，我們可以定位到文章第一段第三句Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.（這項(xiàng)曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為清潔又便宜的技術(shù)，現(xiàn)在被證明兩者都沒(méi)有），A選項(xiàng)“不可替代的”，文章沒(méi)有提及，而且不符合邏輯；B選項(xiàng)“昂貴”，以前覺(jué)得清潔又便宜，但是這種想法已經(jīng)被推翻了，所以是既不清潔又很貴，答案選B；C選項(xiàng)“economical”（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）和cheap是同義詞；D選項(xiàng)“有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的”，文章沒(méi)有提及，所以排除。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干，我們可以定位到第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.（但是除了法國(guó)和日本，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已經(jīng)停止訂購(gòu)新的反應(yīng)堆。）由此可知反應(yīng)堆仍然有人在用，而且法國(guó)和日本也沒(méi)有拒絕使用反應(yīng)堆，A選項(xiàng)“人們停止使用反應(yīng)堆”和D選項(xiàng)“被日本和法國(guó)禁止使用”排除。第一段第四句Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.（現(xiàn)在這個(gè)行業(yè)的主要希望就是不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家了），以及第一段倒數(shù)第二、三句話Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.（在亞洲，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的電力需求以每年8%的速度增長(zhǎng)，這將成為每個(gè)人談?wù)摰脑掝}。中國(guó)大陸、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、印尼、韓國(guó)、巴基斯坦和印度都計(jì)劃建設(shè)新的核反應(yīng)堆。），由此可見(jiàn)反應(yīng)堆的銷售者不會(huì)偏向地選擇富裕國(guó)家，因?yàn)樗麄儼严Ｍ耐性诹瞬话l(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。所以C選項(xiàng)“反應(yīng)堆（銷售者）仍然傾向于富裕國(guó)家”錯(cuò)誤；而在發(fā)展中國(guó)家中打算建立核電站的都是亞洲國(guó)家，所以答案是B選項(xiàng)“都準(zhǔn)備銷往亞洲”。

第3題:推理判斷題，定位到第三段最后一句Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.（核電站在這兩個(gè)方面都做不到：建造它需要大量資金，而且可能需要長(zhǎng)達(dá)十年的時(shí)間來(lái)建設(shè)。），所以A選項(xiàng)“建核電站不耗費(fèi)時(shí)間”錯(cuò)誤；第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.（但是除了法國(guó)和日本，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已經(jīng)停止訂購(gòu)新的反應(yīng)堆。），所以B選項(xiàng)“西方國(guó)家拒絕購(gòu)買任何反應(yīng)堆”錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槿毡竞头▏?guó)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家；第一段倒數(shù)第二、三句話Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.（在亞洲，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的電力需求以每年8%的速度增長(zhǎng)，這將成為每個(gè)人談?wù)摰脑掝}。中國(guó)大陸、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、印尼、韓國(guó)、巴基斯坦和印度都計(jì)劃建設(shè)新的核反應(yīng)堆），由此可知C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)核反應(yīng)堆有大量需求”錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)核反應(yīng)堆有大量需求的都是亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家，而不是全部發(fā)展中國(guó)家；第三段第一句話：Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.（核能在不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益可能會(huì)更不好。）這句是D選項(xiàng)“核電在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都不便宜更何況發(fā)展中國(guó)家”的同義替換，所以答案選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。第三段第四句InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.（在中國(guó)，盡管煤炭?jī)?chǔ)量巨大，但在電力需求不斷增長(zhǎng)的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，對(duì)使用核電的可能性更大一些），從這里可以看出中國(guó)并不會(huì)完全反對(duì)核能源的運(yùn)用反而打算去建立核電站來(lái)解決偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的用電問(wèn)題。所以B選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)打算在某種程度上使用核能”正確；最后一段Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.（那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三個(gè)支持核能的新論點(diǎn)……，沒(méi)有一個(gè)（論點(diǎn)）經(jīng)受了最近的檢驗(yàn)）從這可以看出支持核的運(yùn)用的新論點(diǎn)還沒(méi)有被人驗(yàn)證過(guò)的，不能說(shuō)正確還是不合理，所以排除C選項(xiàng)“支持建立核電站的論點(diǎn)是合理的”。第三段倒數(shù)第二句話Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.（但大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家資金短缺，需要迅速增加電力供應(yīng)以滿足不斷飆升的需求），從這句話可知發(fā)展中國(guó)家缺錢，所以D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展中國(guó)家不會(huì)被金錢或者時(shí)間限制”錯(cuò)誤；A選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)將拒絕完全使用核能?！?，文章沒(méi)有提及。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從題干我們定位到第三段最后一句話Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.（核電站兩者都不占：它們既是資本密集型又得花費(fèi)長(zhǎng)達(dá)十年的時(shí)間來(lái)建設(shè)），所以B選項(xiàng)“大量資金投入”，C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)間長(zhǎng)”是對(duì)的，固而排除；定位到文章第一段第三句“Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand‘toocheaptometer’hasprovedtotheneither.（這項(xiàng)曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為清潔又便宜的技術(shù)，現(xiàn)在被證明兩者都沒(méi)有）”以前被人認(rèn)為又清潔又便宜的核能現(xiàn)在被證明兩者都不占，所以建核電站肯定是涉及污染問(wèn)題的；D選項(xiàng)“污染”也可以排除，A選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)密集”是整篇文章都沒(méi)提及的，而且根據(jù)常識(shí)，核電站一般是技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，所以答案選A。

第6題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。句意是，那些被支持核電的人所提到優(yōu)點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“完全站不住腳”；B選項(xiàng)“被證明是有道理的”；C選項(xiàng)“被完全證明了”；D選項(xiàng)“還需要接受驗(yàn)證”。B，C選項(xiàng)意思相同，固而可以排除。定位到最后一段：Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.（那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三個(gè)支持核能的新論點(diǎn)……，沒(méi)有一個(gè)（論點(diǎn)）經(jīng)受了最近的檢驗(yàn)），這里可知答案選D，因?yàn)檫€沒(méi)有檢驗(yàn)過(guò)所以并不知道這些論點(diǎn)站不站得住腳。所以選項(xiàng)A排除。

5.單選題

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predominant

B.premature

C.perfectible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B選項(xiàng)premature“不成熟的”；C選項(xiàng)perfectible“可完成的”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的，開(kāi)始的”。句意：初步的測(cè)試是為某事做準(zhǔn)備的考試。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.resentment

C.offence

D.irritation

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)annoyance“惱怒，生氣，煩惱”；B選項(xiàng)resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；C選項(xiàng)offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D選項(xiàng)irritation“生氣，氣惱”。只有offence可用于短語(yǔ)takeoffenceatsth.表示“對(duì)……生氣”。句意：記者和攝影師們都對(duì)那位演員在采訪過(guò)程中的粗魯表現(xiàn)感到不滿。

7.單選題

OurteamcouldreceivealotofsupportandfundingifwecouldconvinceamajorcompanylikeNIKEorCocaColato（）us.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.approve

B.endorse

C.oblige

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。approve“批準(zhǔn)”；endorse“認(rèn)可；簽署”；oblige“迫使；強(qiáng)制”；comply“遵守；順從”。句意：如果我們能說(shuō)服像耐克和可口可樂(lè)這樣的大公司來(lái)______我們的話，我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)就能得到大量支持和資金。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno（）togotothepartywithus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。innomoodtodosth“沒(méi)心情做某事”。句意：工作一整天之后，他很疲勞以至于他沒(méi)有心情跟我們?nèi)⒓泳蹠?huì)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Chemicalbombscarrychemicalagentssuchasnervegas,orbiologicalweaponssuchasthecontagiousdiseaseanthrax.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infectious

B.destructive

C.mysterious

D.incurable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infectious傳染性的，感染的（尤指通過(guò)呼吸）B.destructive引起破壞（或毀滅）的，破壞（或毀滅）性的

C.mysterious神秘的，不易解釋的D.incurable不能治愈的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】contagious的意思為“（疾?。┙佑|傳染的”，修飾disease，指的是傳染病，infectious與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】化學(xué)炸彈含有神經(jīng)毒氣等化學(xué)物質(zhì)，或炭疽熱傳染病等生物武器。

10.單選題

Afriendshipmaybe（）,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.superficial

C.critical

D.original

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。identical同一的，完全相同的；superficial表面的，膚淺的；critical批判的，愛(ài)挑剔的；original原始的，最初的。句意：友誼可以是、隨意的、情境性的，也可以是深刻而持久的。根據(jù)句意可知填空處的詞應(yīng)與deep和lasting意義相反，且與casual和situational意義相似，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

11.單選題

Itcannotbedeniedthattheexistingresourcesonearthwillbedepleted,butscientistsare（）toconcedetheinevitabilityofthatday,realizingthatnewenergiescanbefoundinthenearfuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.unprepared

C.hesitant

D.likely

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球上存在的資源將會(huì)枯竭。但是科學(xué)家認(rèn)為

在不久的將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新的資源。bound有義務(wù)的；unprepared沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好的；hesitant有疑慮的；likely可能的。此處，belikelyto為固定搭配，意為“可能做某事”。故選D。

12.問(wèn)答題

Themost(A)acutechallenges(B)facingthefuturearelikelytobenotonlythosepittingmanagainsthisfellowman,butthose(C)involvedhumankind’sstruggletopreservetheenvironmentandensurethe(D)sustainabilityoflifeonearth.

【答案】C；“involved”改為“involving”。

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：未來(lái)面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)可能不僅是人與人之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且是涉及到人類努力保護(hù)環(huán)境和確保地球上生命的可持續(xù)性的挑戰(zhàn)。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)，而“those”和“involve”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以將“involved”改為“involving”。

13.單選題

Weneedtobemore（

）totheneedsoftheyoungstudents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.sensational

C.sensory

D.sensible

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；sensational“轟動(dòng)的，聳人聽(tīng)聞的”；sensory“感知的，知覺(jué)的”；sensible“明智的，通情達(dá)理的”。句意：我們需要對(duì)青年學(xué)生的需求更加敏感。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。courtesy"禮貌的",demonstrate"舉行示威游行（或集會(huì)）;說(shuō)明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其來(lái)的念頭;剌激,推動(dòng)力"。句意：當(dāng)她得知自己打破了世界紀(jì)錄時(shí)，情不自禁地在領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)上落淚了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.翻譯題

以前人們常說(shuō)，英國(guó)人享樂(lè)時(shí)也會(huì)郁郁不樂(lè)。如今，如果英國(guó)人真有什么樂(lè)趣可享的話，情況無(wú)疑還會(huì)依然如此，不過(guò)英國(guó)的煙酒價(jià)格構(gòu)成了足以令人憂愁的外因。有時(shí)我覺(jué)得，這種享樂(lè)時(shí)也郁郁不樂(lè)的癖性已經(jīng)傳到了大西洋彼岸，我不由得納悶：這么多講英語(yǔ)的人身體又健康，收入又豐厚，怎么人生觀卻如此消沉。

我在美國(guó)旅行期間，注意到了一種根深蒂固的憂郁癥。我覺(jué)得這種憂郁癥似乎極其普遍，這就給社會(huì)改革家出了難題。大多數(shù)社會(huì)改革家認(rèn)為，若是消除了貧困，有了經(jīng)濟(jì)保障，太平盛世就會(huì)到來(lái)。但是，無(wú)論在貴國(guó)還是在蔽國(guó)，看著坐在豪華轎車?yán)锏娜藗兊拿婵?，卻見(jiàn)不到社會(huì)改革家引導(dǎo)人們期待的那種喜氣洋洋的神情。相反，十有八九，我看到的是一副厭倦不滿的神情，以及一種近似瘋狂的渴望，想找點(diǎn)東西吊起早已發(fā)膩的胃口。

【答案】【參考譯文】ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuresadly.Thiswouldnodoubtstillbethecasetodayiftheyhadanypleasuretotake,butthepriceofalcoholandtobaccoinBritishhasprovidedsufficientexternalcausesformelancholy.IhavesometimesthoughtthatthehabitoftakingpleasuresadlyhascrossedtheAtlantic,andIhavewonderedwhatitisthatmakessomanyEnglish-speakingpeoplesomberintheiroutlookinspiteofgoodhealthandagoodincome.

DuringmytravelsintheAmerica,Ihavebeenimpressedbyakindoffundamentalmalaisewhichseemstomeextremelycommonandwhichposesdifficultproblemsforthesocialreformer.Mostsocialreformershaveheldtheopinionthat,ifpovertywereabolishedandtherewerenomoreeconomicinsecurity,themillenniumwouldhavearrived.ButwhenIlookatthefacesofpeopleinluxurycars,whetherinyourcountryorinmine,Idonotseethatlookofradianthappinesswhichtheaforesaidsocialreformershadledpeopletoexpect.Inalllikelihood,onthecontrary,Iseeinsteadalookofboredomanddiscontentandanalmostfranticlongingforsomethingthatmightticklethejadedpalate.

16.翻譯題

17世紀(jì)后期至18世紀(jì)末，是中國(guó)清代的鼎盛時(shí)期，史稱“康乾盛世”。那個(gè)時(shí)期，中國(guó)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)量位居世界前列。但正是在這個(gè)時(shí)候，歐洲諸國(guó)先后開(kāi)始了近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)革命，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力迅速發(fā)展，后來(lái)居上。而中國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的政治者對(duì)這一歷史性大變革卻茫然無(wú)知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，視西方科學(xué)技術(shù)為“奇技淫巧”?！翱登⑹馈敝蟮?00多年，中國(guó)的發(fā)展大大落后了，國(guó)際地位急劇衰落，淪為半殖民地，備受外強(qiáng)欺辱。

中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，中國(guó)人民掌握了自己的命運(yùn)，民族的獨(dú)立和解放使中國(guó)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。但在20世紀(jì)60、70年代世界經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展和新科技革命浪潮興起的時(shí)代，中國(guó)搞了長(zhǎng)達(dá)10年的“文化大革命”，錯(cuò)失了又一次發(fā)展良機(jī)。值得欣慰的是，從70年代末開(kāi)始，我們糾正了過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤，選擇了改革開(kāi)放的正確道路，對(duì)內(nèi)實(shí)行改革，對(duì)外實(shí)行開(kāi)放，開(kāi)放也是改革。改革開(kāi)放使我們抓住了新的歷史機(jī)遇，實(shí)現(xiàn)了近30年的高速發(fā)展，綜合國(guó)力顯著增強(qiáng)，人民生活得到很大改善，國(guó)際地位不斷上升。

【答案】Inthelate17centurytotheendof18thCentury,ChineseQingDynastywasinitsheyday,knownastheGoldenAgeof“KangxiandQianlong”.Duringthisperiod,China’sindustrialproductionhasbeenattheforefrontontheworldstage.ButitwasatthistimethatEuropeancountriesbeganthemodernbourgeoisrevolutionandindustrialrevolution,whichrockettherapiddevelopmentofsocialproductivityinthewesternworld,leavingtherestoftheworldoutofsightbehind.However,Chinesepoliticiansatthattimewerecompletelyignorantofthishistoricchange,andstillindulgedinblindarrogance,regardingwesternscienceandtechnologyas“diabolictricksandwickedcraft”.Duringthepast100yearsfromthattimeonward,Chinafellfarbehindindevelopment,sufferedasharpdeclineinitsinternationalstatus,wasreducedtoasemi-colonyandsubjectedtobullyingandhumiliationfromforeignpowers.

SincethefundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,accompanyingwiththenationalindependenceandliberation,Chinesepeoplehavebecomethemasteroftheirowndestiny.AllthishasbroughttremendouschangestoChina.However,inthe1960sand1970s,whentheworldeconomywasboomingandthenewwaveofscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionwasemerging,Chinaconductedthedecade-long“CulturalRevolution”andmissedanothergoodopportunityfordevelopment.Thegoodnewsisthatsincetheendof1970s,withtheimplementationofreformingdomesticallyandopening-uptotheworldwehavecorrectedthemistakesofthepast,directingthewholenationtotherightwayofreformandopening-up.Undertheguidanceofreformandopening-uppolicy,weseizedthenewhistoricalopportunitytopromotearapidsocialdevelopmentinthelast30years.Thispolicynotonlyheightenchina’scomprehensivepowersandpeople’slivingstandards,butalsothegrowinginternationalclout.

17.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負(fù)責(zé)的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習(xí)慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習(xí)慣）這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項(xiàng)“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項(xiàng)“該公司逐步、有條件地實(shí)行了禁煙令”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說(shuō)，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺?。）可知，關(guān)于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內(nèi)，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者，因此A項(xiàng)“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，吸煙的員工對(duì)公司規(guī)定不允許在工作場(chǎng)所吸煙感到不舒服”和C項(xiàng)“在公司的主要辦公室里，吸煙者被認(rèn)為是少數(shù)愛(ài)發(fā)牢騷的人”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出來(lái)？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年殺死35萬(wàn)美國(guó)人的事情都應(yīng)該采取果斷的行動(dòng)，所有強(qiáng)壯的牛仔和黃褐色頭發(fā)的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香煙廣告，來(lái)掩蓋這個(gè)國(guó)家七分之一的死亡與吸煙有關(guān)的事實(shí)。）可以推斷，香煙廣告通常都是以誘人的形象來(lái)展示，故A項(xiàng)“香煙廣告通常利用誘人形象的吸引力”正確；B項(xiàng)“香煙廣告傾向于提醒人們吸煙和美好生活之間的關(guān)系”從文中推斷不出來(lái)；C項(xiàng)“一般來(lái)說(shuō)，香煙廣告是為了誤導(dǎo)不吸煙的人”也不正確，香煙廣告既可能誘導(dǎo)不吸煙者也可能誤導(dǎo)吸煙者；D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)香煙廣告的目標(biāo)是強(qiáng)壯和有吸引力的男人和女人”顛倒了文章意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的目的是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過(guò)公司突然禁煙的做法引出了無(wú)煙工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)，第二段闡述了提供無(wú)煙工作環(huán)境的原因，即吸煙的一系列危害，接著第三段講到了公司為了實(shí)行禁令為員工做的一些努力和大多數(shù)員工對(duì)禁令的支持，然后最后一段總結(jié)，吸煙導(dǎo)致的增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、死亡和工作時(shí)間損失都會(huì)給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成一定的損失，所以提供無(wú)煙工作環(huán)境是一個(gè)商業(yè)的決策；綜合全文我們可以推斷出，這篇文章的目的是給“提供無(wú)煙工作環(huán)境”這一策略做辯護(hù)，C項(xiàng)“為在工作場(chǎng)所控制吸煙的做法辯護(hù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“批判吸煙的習(xí)慣對(duì)健康有害”和B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)無(wú)煙工作環(huán)境的可獲得性”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文；D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于讓吸煙成為僅僅是與工作相關(guān)的問(wèn)題的論點(diǎn)”不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是作者用以作為管制工作期間吸煙的理由？”。由第二段最后兩句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（與此相關(guān)的成本也在侵蝕我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。最近的一份報(bào)告估計(jì)，吸煙者使用醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)的人數(shù)至少比不吸煙者多50%；他們每天要浪費(fèi)30分鐘的時(shí)間摸索火柴和打火機(jī)，吸食誘人的毒藥。）以及最后一段中的倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)國(guó)會(huì)研究，每年因吸煙而增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、過(guò)早死亡和工作時(shí)間損失給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的損失平均為650億美元）可知，A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙者耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣，所以在工作效率不如不吸煙者的假設(shè)”、C項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的導(dǎo)致過(guò)早死亡的健康問(wèn)題”和D項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的成本削弱了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的事實(shí)”都是禁止工作期間吸煙的理由；只有B項(xiàng)“吸煙嚴(yán)重污染工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)”沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThenecessitytobeaPA

B.HerloveforthepositionofPA

C.HerjourneytobeingaPA

D.ThehardshipshesufferedforbeingaPA

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.HerfamilyencouragedhertochoosePA

B.ShedidhaveinterestinPA

C.Physicaltherapyisnotaccessibletoher

D.ItiseasierforhertobeaPA

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sheshouldacquireamaster'sdegree

B.SheneededtostudyOrganicChemistry

C.ShehadtohavetheexperienceinAnatomy

D.Sheshouldpreparesomematerialsshedidn'thave

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:本文說(shuō)到的是說(shuō)話人成為PA的經(jīng)歷，因此C選項(xiàng)“HerjourneytobeingaPA”正確。

第2題:說(shuō)話者說(shuō)到了成為醫(yī)生助理的原因：IlookedmoreintothePAroutebecauseIwasreallyinterestedinit（我更多地關(guān)注了PA路線，因?yàn)槲艺娴暮芨信d趣）。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:文中說(shuō)到“IstillneededsomelearninginsubjectslikeorganicchemistryandanatomiesandstuffthatIdidn'thave（我還需要學(xué)習(xí)一些學(xué)科，比如有機(jī)化學(xué)和解剖學(xué)，還有一些我沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)的東西）”，對(duì)比信息，可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Icannotgiveyou（）forthetypeofcaryousellbecausethereisnodemandforitinthemarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anexpense

B.acharge

C.apurchase

D.anorder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:anexpense“花費(fèi)”；B:acharge“收費(fèi)”；C:apurchase“購(gòu)買”；D:anorder“訂單、訂購(gòu)”。句意：我不能定購(gòu)你們出售的這種車，因?yàn)闆](méi)有市場(chǎng)需求。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，談及到?jīng)]有市場(chǎng)需求，因此D為正確答案。

20.單選題

Thefirststrokeguidelinestospecificallytargetwomen（）preventionearlierinlifeandrecognizeuniquefemalerisksforthedisorder,includingpregnancyandbirthcontrolpills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.neglect

B.avoid

C.emphasize

D.admire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。neglect忽視；avoid避免；emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；admire欽佩，贊美。由“andrecognize…認(rèn)識(shí)到女性患這種疾病的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”可知___preventionearlierinlife也是積極性的內(nèi)容，C項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：第一份針對(duì)早期預(yù)防女性中風(fēng)的指南強(qiáng)調(diào)女性應(yīng)該早期預(yù)防，并認(rèn)識(shí)到女性患中風(fēng)的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括懷孕和避孕藥。

21.單選題

InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed;notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate:usingtheknifeonlyforcutting;andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.Inotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeating,buttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.Indeed,whatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.InArabia,forinstance,thepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatedit.

ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,however,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.Tablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepast,andtheladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.ManyJapanese,however,stillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlesstheyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexistsidebyside.

IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountries,althoughtheyarenotsomarked.InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknifedown,taketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeople,liketheBritish,keeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinavia(Norway,Sweden,DenmarkandIceland)specialknivesandforksareusedforeatingfish.InFrance,BelgiumandItaly,however,itiscorrecttokeepthesame,knifeforeverycourse,wipingitonapieceofbread.

Drinkingcustomsattablealsovaryindifferentcountries.InEurope,water,wineorbeerisdrunkwithmeatsandcoffeeorteaistakenafterwards.InNorthAmericaabeveragesuchascoffee,teaormilkisdrunkwithmeals.

Tablemannersofcoursehavechangedwithtime.Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.Theywereeatensittingonthegroundroundafire,andeveryonetookhisfoodfromapotonthefireorcutbitsfromtheanimalorbirdthathadbeencooked.Thewomenwaitedonthewarriorsandafterwardsatewhattheyleft.

Fingerswereusedtocutfoodthroughoutthemiddleages.Foodwaseatenoffwoodendisheswiththenoblemensittingabovethesalt.Theordinarypeoplesatbelowthesalt.InthereignofHenryVII(1509?1547),peoplewerestilleatingwiththeirhandsaftercuttingthefoodwithaclaspknifewhichwasalwayscachedatthebelt.ForkswerenotusedinEnglanduntilthe17thcentury.

1.Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthepassage?

2.TheBritishpeople（）.

3.Howtouseaknifewhileeatingis（）.

4."Sittingabovethesalt"isthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Fromthepassage,weknowthattablemanners（）.

6.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatthewealthierandwell-educatedpeopleintheeast（）.

7.Inparagraph3,line1theword"they"refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.SomeslightdifferencebetweentablemannersdonotexisttheWest.

B.ForkswerebedinEnglandbeforethe17thcentury.

C.Tablemannersandcustomsaredifferentfromcountrytocountry

D.SittingonacushionbeforeatableiscommonintheEast.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.considerbelchingloudlyanimpolitetablemanner

B.appreciatethetablemannersinmanyotherpartsoftheworld

C.usedforksmorethanthousandyearsago

D.takefoodfromthetable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.astandardofgoodtablemanners

B.neverusedinNorthAmerica

C.differentamongWesterncountries

D.notaprobleminBritain

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sittingonasaltcellar

B.sittingabovethesaltcellarwithlegsapart

C.beingthemostdistinguishedguest

D.saltusedtobeseatsinBritain

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.changeverylittlethroughtheages

B.changewithtime.

C.areactuallythesameamongthecountries

D.areextremelyimportant

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.paymoreattentiontotablemanners

B.strictlysticktotheirtraditionaltablemanners

C.adoptWesterntablema