考研考博-英語-包頭鋼鐵職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-包頭鋼鐵職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這項(xiàng)研究吸引了媒體的廣泛報(bào)道,并在英國廣播公司電視臺的《明日世界》節(jié)目中進(jìn)行了專題報(bào)道。選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Thebookisavainattemptto（

）thenameofoneoftheworstdictatorsinmodernhistory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.worship

B.glorify

C.adore

D.cherish

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。worship“崇拜；尊敬”；glorify“贊美；美化”；adore“崇拜；愛慕”；cherish“懷有（感情等）；抱有（希望等）”。句意：這本書試圖去美化現(xiàn)代歷史中最壞的獨(dú)裁者之一的名字，但是失敗了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Toreducethefinancialpressurefacingthecompany,itsmanagementhasdecidedon（）expenditurecuts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modest

B.sweeping

C.tangible

D.considerate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。modest謙虛的；sweeping大規(guī)模的；tangible有形的，切實(shí)的；considerate體貼的，大量的。由前半句的financialpressure可知公司會削減開支。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：為了減小公司面臨的財(cái)務(wù)壓力,其管理層決定大規(guī)模地削減開支。

4.單選題

Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.

WhenIwasapsychiatricresident,wehadafacultymemberwhowasfamousforhismessyoffice:stacksofpapersandoldjournalscoveredeverychairandtableaswellasmuchofthefloor.Oneday,asIwalkedpasttheopenofficedoorwithoneofmysupervisors,hemurmuredmildly,“Oddduck.”Andthatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflectonthispeculiarstateofaffairswithinaninstitutionstaffedbypsychiatrists.Eventually,thefacultymemberhadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients.

Notsurprisingly,thepsychiatricdiagnosticmanualdoesnotlist“messyroom”intheindex.Butitdoesmentionatantalizingsymptom:inability“todiscardworn-outorworthlessobjectsevenwhentheyhavenosentimentalvalue,”Itcomesunderthediagnosisobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder，anobscurecousinofthemorefamousobsessive-compulsivedisorder.

Iwasbarelyawareofthediagnosis.Everyerahasmentaldisordersthatforculturalorscientificreasonsbecomepopular.InFreud’sdayitwashysteria.Currently,depressionhasmovedtocenterstage.Butotherailmentsgorelativelyignored,andthisdisorderwasone.

Itcamewithalistofadditionalsymptomsthatappearedtobepeculiar;anxietyaboutspendingmoney,excessivedevotiontoworktotheexclusionofleisureactivities,rigidityaboutfollowingrules,perfectionismindoingtasks—attimestothepointofinterferingwithfinishingthem.

Inmoderation,thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionismmayevenbeassetsinrule-anddetail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw.

Butwhenthesymptomsaretoointenseorpervasive,theybecomecrippling.Beneaththeseeminglyadaptivebehaviorsliesacentraldisability.Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.Theylacktheinternalsenseofcompletionthatmostofusexperienceattheendofachoiceoratask,eyenoneassimpleasthrowingsomethingoutormakingapurchase.Inobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,thisfeelingoccursonlyafterendlessdeliberationandrevision,ifatall.

Theneedtocomeupwiththe“correct”answer,thebestpurchaseortheperfectproposalleadstoexcessruminationovereachdecision.Itcanevenleadtocompleteparalysis.Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions.Open-endedassignments,likewritingpapers,arenightmares.

Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist，understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.Thepictureleapsoutfromthepreviouslydisorganizedbackground.Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeople’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember?

2.Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime,accordingtotheauthor,is______.

3.Thereasonwhysymptomsofthe“obsessive-compulsivedisorder”gounnoticedisthat_________.

4.Rulesaregodsendtopersonswiththeobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderbecause____________.

5.Fromthelastparagraphwecanseethattheauthor’sviewisthat_________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theydislikedhim,andthat’swhyhegothisseparateroomtoseepatients.

B.Theythoughtheisalittlestrange,butdidn’tpaymuchattentiontohisbehavior.

C.Theywereinterestedinhisbehavior,astheywereallpsychiatrists.

D.Theythoughthehadsomementalretardness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hysteria

B.depression

C.messiness

D.obsessive-compulsivedisorder

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyarehighlythoughtofinaccordingtolaw

B.someofthemildsymptomsfitinwithaworkaholicculture

C.theyhavealowprofile

D.theytakealongtimetobecomeintenseorpervasive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theydonotinvolvedecisionmaking

B.theyareopen-endedassignments

C.theyleadtocompleteparalysis

D.theyaremadebyother

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.amessyroomisjustamessyroom

B.amessyroomisanindicationoftheobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder

C.psychiatristsshouldpayattentiontoamessyroom

D.psychiatristsshouldseepatternsofseeminglydisorganizedbehaviors,butshouldn’tbetooreductionistic

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.”，可知，即使回過頭來看一些行為的確非常奇怪，但是對于那些我們不能理解的行為，我們經(jīng)常會保持忽視的態(tài)度。緊接著第二段用一位同事的例子來說明這個觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句，“Currently,depressionhasmovedtocenterstage.”，可知目前，抑郁癥已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句，“thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionism…”，因?yàn)閺?qiáng)迫癥人格障礙的癥狀剛好符合工作狂的文化精神，不懈努力的工作定位和完美主義在工作中甚至?xí)蔀閮?yōu)點(diǎn)，因此強(qiáng)迫癥在診斷過程中經(jīng)常被忽視。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第七段，“Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.”，可知患有強(qiáng)迫癥的人在做決定方面有巨大的困難。根據(jù)文章第八段，“Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions.”，可知對于這些人來說，規(guī)則是最大的恩賜，因?yàn)榇碇A(yù)先做好的決定。所以可推斷，規(guī)則的制定使他們不用自己作決定。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist，understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.”，可知對于這方面的病人或者精神病醫(yī)生，理解診斷癥狀是有必要的。“Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.”，可知有時我們可以把事情看得更簡單一些，有些情形并沒有什么，有時凌亂的房間僅僅是凌亂而已。所以可推斷出，作者認(rèn)為醫(yī)生必須要理解一些診斷性的癥狀，能看到一些雜亂無章的行為并且熟悉病癥，以便于給病人看病，但是有時候凌亂確實(shí)只是一種簡單的現(xiàn)象，并不是病癥，醫(yī)生也不能多慮。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement.

B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.

D.moppinguptheviolentmess.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出有些國家種族偏見嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的一種解決方法，我們?nèi)匀粵]有認(rèn)識到，暴力永遠(yuǎn)不能解決問題，而是使問題更加尖銳。第二段闡述了真正有理智的人在宣揚(yáng)法制，卻遭到輕視和迫害，作者認(rèn)為真正的解決方案不是暴力，而是法制。第三段進(jìn)一步說明“交流、對話”是了解雙方問題的前提，而暴力制造了它假裝要解決的罪惡。整篇文章都在闡述不能依靠暴力手段解決歧視問題。因此B選項(xiàng)“暴力無助于消除種族偏見”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“提倡暴力”，C選項(xiàng)“雙方的重要人物都認(rèn)為暴力是合法的解決方案”，D選項(xiàng)“人類的本能渴望暴力”，因?yàn)槲恼率遣恍麚P(yáng)暴力的，所以A，C，D都不適合作為標(biāo)題。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Recordedhistory”可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第四句“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.”（整個有記錄的人類歷史，那冗長乏味的暴力記錄，沒有教會我們?nèi)魏螙|西。），說明人類歷史上的暴力記錄沒有教會我們?nèi)魏螙|西。因此B選項(xiàng)“什么也沒有”正確。A選項(xiàng)“暴力永遠(yuǎn)解決不了任何問題”和C選項(xiàng)“流血事件毫無意義”，文中說我們還沒有認(rèn)識到暴力不能解決問題、流血和痛苦毫無意義，所以歷史上的暴力記錄并沒有教會我們這兩點(diǎn)，A，C錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“一切”和nothing是相反的，所以D錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reasonablemen”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正理智的人知道解決辦法在哪里，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難得到傾聽。他們被鄙視，不信任，甚至被他們的同類迫害，因?yàn)樗麄兲岢T如執(zhí)法這樣明顯無法容忍的事情。），說明理智的人倡導(dǎo)法制，卻遭到了許多困難。因此D選項(xiàng)“在提倡執(zhí)法方面遭到困難?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“不被聽見”，B選項(xiàng)“被輕視”，C選項(xiàng)“受到迫害”都只是遇到困難的某一個方面，本質(zhì)上是因?yàn)樗麄兲岢珗?zhí)法，所以A，B，C錯誤。

4.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段中It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（這很像一個著名律師的故事，他煞費(fèi)苦心地向法官解釋他的案子。聽了他的長篇辯論，法官抱怨說他并沒有因此而變得聰明些。），說明“Hewasnonethewiser”在這里的意思是他聽了之后什么也沒有得到。因此C選項(xiàng)“聽后無所得?！狈项}意。A選項(xiàng)“他根本不明智，聽不進(jìn)去”，B選項(xiàng)“他以前一點(diǎn)也不明智”，D選項(xiàng)“他對這場爭論毫無意義”都不能表示他聽后什么也沒有得到的意思，所以A，B，D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我們在法律框架內(nèi)工作，真正和持久的解決辦法總是可能的。），說明作者認(rèn)為解決種族歧視的最好方法是法制。因此A選項(xiàng)“法制”正確。B選項(xiàng)“知識”，C選項(xiàng)“非暴力”，D選項(xiàng)“清理暴力的混亂”并不是作者認(rèn)為解決問題的最好方法，所以B，C，D錯誤。

6.單選題

Importantpeopledon’toftenhavemuchfreetimeastheirwork（）alltheirtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takesover

B.takesaway

C.takesin

D.takesup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)takeover“接管，借用”；B選項(xiàng)takeaway“拿走，帶走”；C選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，接受”；D選項(xiàng)takesup“開始從事，占據(jù)”。句意：重要人物往往沒有太多的空閑時間，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ髡紦?jù)了他們所有的時間。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Thisticket（

）youtoafreeboattouronthelake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.entitles

B.appoints

C.grants

D.credits

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。entitle給某人權(quán)利或資格；appoint任命，委派；grant授予，允許；credit信任，歸功于。

句意：這張票使你有資格免費(fèi)在湖上乘船游覽。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.填空題

IwishthatJohnwouldwritemore（

）.Icanneverreadhisnotesandletters

【答案】clearly

【解析】語義題。句意:我希望John寫字更清楚些,我看不懂他的筆記和信件。這里需要填一個副詞,修飾wirte(寫)。

9.單選題

Thechildrenwere___bythetoysinthebigdepartmentstoreduringtheChristmasseason.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleased

B.fascinated

C.enjoyed

D.alarmed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pleased請；使喜歡；使高興；使?jié)M意B.fascinated著迷；陶醉

C.enjoyed喜愛D.alarmed驚恐；恐慌

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，孩子們被櫥窗里的玩具所吸引?？崭裉幪顒釉~的被動形式。Bedoneby。B選項(xiàng)fascinate“著迷，陶醉”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“被吸引”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】這里考查動詞的被動形式。

A選項(xiàng)是被玩具感到高興，不符合邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)被玩具喜愛，不符合邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)驚恐不符合句意。

【句意】圣誕節(jié)期間，孩子們被大百貨公司的玩具迷住了。

10.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat______bysteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.towed（用繩索）拖，拉B.pressed壓，推，施加壓力

C.tossed（輕輕或漫不經(jīng)心地）扔，拋D.propelled推動，驅(qū)動

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個非謂語動詞做后置定語修飾boat，與前面的boat構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，而空格處動作的發(fā)出者是steam（蒸汽），因此表示“推動”符合語義。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】在老師的指導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生們正在做一個蒸汽驅(qū)動的模型船。

11.單選題

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan（

）thesoundfromtheradio.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。intensify意為“加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化”；amplify意為“放大，擴(kuò)大”，一般指聲音的放大；enlarge意為“擴(kuò)大”，一般指面或體積的擴(kuò)大；reinforce意為“加固，加強(qiáng)”。

句意：通過這個旋鈕向右轉(zhuǎn)動，你可以放大收音機(jī)的聲音。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots(hotspot:aplaceintheuppermantleoftheearthatwhichhotmagmafromthelowermantleupwellstomeltthroughthecrustusuallyintheinteriorofatectonicplatetoformavolcanicfeature;alsoaplaceinthecrustoverlyingahotspot).Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke.ItappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamannerbyasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots________.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe________.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

B.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

C.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

D.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

B.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

C.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

D.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

B.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

C.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

D.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.continentalruptureisimminent

B.hotspotisactive

C.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

D.continentalplatehasmoved

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“解釋如何估計(jì)死火山熔巖流的年齡”；B選項(xiàng)“描述熱點(diǎn)影響火山滅絕的方式”；C選項(xiàng)“描述熱點(diǎn)并解釋它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運(yùn)動的”；D選項(xiàng)“描述并解釋海洋和大陸的形成”。根據(jù)題干，定位到文章第一段第一句Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots（地球上散布著100多個被稱為熱點(diǎn)的火山活動區(qū)域）；第二段第一句Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoes…（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過熱點(diǎn)時留下了死火山的痕跡……）；第三段第三句Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionof…（熱點(diǎn)為解決熱點(diǎn)問題提供了測量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)……）；第四段第一句Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.（除了作為參考的框架，熱點(diǎn)顯然還影響著推動板塊在全球范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)動的地球物理過程。）從這四句可以看出，整篇文章講述了熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)以及它在追溯板塊運(yùn)動方面所起的作用，因此答案選C；A選項(xiàng)只是提及沒有展開細(xì)講，B選項(xiàng)錯誤，熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)不能影響火山的滅絕；D選項(xiàng)與文章無關(guān)。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，熱點(diǎn)不同于大多數(shù)火山在于熱點(diǎn)……。A選項(xiàng)“都位于更接近地球表面的地方”；B選項(xiàng)“熔巖中含有更多的堿金屬”；C選項(xiàng)“能在板塊的邊緣找到”；D選項(xiàng)“是活火山，而其他的火山都是死火山”。最后一段倒數(shù)一二句話Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.（與大多數(shù)火山不同，熱點(diǎn)很少沿著組成地殼的大陸和海洋板塊的邊界出現(xiàn)；大多數(shù)熱點(diǎn)位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并錨定在地球表面的深層。熱點(diǎn)與其他火山的區(qū)別還在于它們的熔巖，它們比板塊邊緣的火山含有更多的堿金屬。）由此可知答案選B。其他選項(xiàng)文中沒有提及是否為熱點(diǎn)和其他種類的火山的不同。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：從文章中可以推斷出，太平洋板塊的運(yùn)動軌跡的證據(jù)可以由（）所提供。A選項(xiàng)“兩個熱點(diǎn)同時運(yùn)動”；B選項(xiàng)“幾個海洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造”；C選項(xiàng)“海底裂縫的形狀”；D選項(xiàng)“海洋熱點(diǎn)的尺寸”。第二段第一、二、三句話Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke.ItappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamannerbyasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains…paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain…（在某些情況下，板塊移動經(jīng)過熱點(diǎn)時會留下死火山的痕跡，就像風(fēng)吹過煙囪帶走縷縷煙霧一樣。夏威夷群島似乎是由一個單一的熔巖源以這樣的方式形成的，熔巖從一個熱點(diǎn)噴涌而出，太平洋板塊在這個熱點(diǎn)上大致由東向西北移動，帶走了一排年齡越來越大的火山。另外兩個太平洋島鏈……與夏威夷島鏈的構(gòu)造平行……）從這兩句可以看出板塊在運(yùn)動后就會留下火山的痕跡，而夏威夷群島就是板塊運(yùn)動過后留下的產(chǎn)物，所以從夏威夷群島以及其他島鏈構(gòu)造就可以看出板塊運(yùn)動的痕跡，所以答案選B。其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：從文章中推斷出，不同時代的熔巖在熱點(diǎn)處的擴(kuò)展表明……。A選項(xiàng)“大陸很快就會破裂”；B選項(xiàng)“熱點(diǎn)活躍”；C選項(xiàng)“熱點(diǎn)一直在快速移動”；D選項(xiàng)“大陸板塊移動”。定位到第三段第二句話Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.（大陸板塊是靜止不動的最令人信服的證據(jù)是，在某些熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，不同時代的熔巖是疊加在一起的，而不是按時間順序展開的。）從這里可知因?yàn)榇箨戩o止不動，所以熔巖是疊加在一起的，那么反過來大陸開始運(yùn)動的時候，熔巖就會按照時間順序散開，所以當(dāng)熔巖按照時間順序在熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)散開的時候大陸是運(yùn)動的，所以答案選D。

13.單選題

Students'goodbehaviorwillbetakeninto（

）whentheprizesarebeingdetermined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regard

B.account

C.count

D.observation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:決定獎品的發(fā)放時，將會考慮學(xué)生的良好品行。

考查固定搭配。takeintoaccount考慮…。其他選項(xiàng)不能與takeinto搭配。

14.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonWhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.SomepeoplemaintainthatLi’ssuccesshasentirelyreliedonherownhardwork;

2.Othersholdtheviewthatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

Asisknowntoall,LiNaisthemostincredibletennisplayerinChina.Uptonow,shehasgotfoursingletitlesandtwodoubletitlesofWTA,andwhat’smore,sheisthefirstChineseplayerwhohasgotthesingletitleduringtheWTAtour.Besides,sheisthefirsttop-tenplayerinChinawhohasgotNo.7sofar.

WhenitcomestoLiNa’sathleticachievements,peoplecannothelpaskingsuchaquestion:WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

AccordingtoarecentinvestigationconductedbyasportingorganizationinChina,43.6percentofrespondentsholdtheviewthatLiNa,ssuccessreliescompletelyonherownhardwork.Whenshewasonlysixyearsold,shebegantopractiseplayingtennis.Duetoherarduoustrainingonthesportsground,shebecameaprofessionalplayer.Asshewasnotusedtothetrainingstyleinthestate-runsportssystem,shebrokeawayfromthestate-runsportssystemandbegantoflyalone.

However,56.4percentofrespondentsarguethatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone.Herfellowplayershadtheirstricttrainingwithherandbecameherrivals.IfithadnotbeenforLiNa’spastexperienceinthestate-runsportssystem,shecouldnothavebeenasuccessfulplayerandshecouldnothaveflownalonelateron.

Inmyopinion,LiNa’shardworkandherflyingalonearethetwoindispensableelementsofhersuccess.Bothelementsarecomplementary.It’shardtoimagineherflyingalonewithouthardworkwithinthestate-runsportssystemorherhardworkwithinthissystemwithoutflyingalone.

15.單選題

Shedidn’t（）matters;shejusttoldhimhewasuseless.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.worsen

B.complicate

C.decide

D.mince

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)worsen“更壞的；更差的；更糟，更壞”；B選項(xiàng)complicate“使復(fù)雜化；使惡化；使卷入”；C選項(xiàng)decide“決定；解決；判決；決定，下決心”；D選項(xiàng)mince“切碎；矯揉造作地說；裝腔作勢；碎步走”。句意：她沒有把事情復(fù)雜化；她只是說他沒用。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.under

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在討論中”。句意：法官批評了律師，因?yàn)樗麤]有在討論中就這個話題發(fā)表言論。B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Thei