考研考博-英語-北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowaberrant.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidintheseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenlipintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiesaxialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thatbecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownanabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.

1.Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?

3.Theworld“custom”inthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageaperson’slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposetowritingthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior

B.thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom

C.peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlook

D.customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking

問題2選項

A.Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.

B.Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingofagroupofpeople.

C.Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.

D.Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.

問題3選項

A.theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasociety

B.theindependentlydevelopedsocialorders

C.theadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironment

D.thepatternsandstandardsofbehaviorofacommunity

問題4選項

A.isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeople

B.ispredominatedbytraditionalcustom

C.iscontinuallyinfluencedbythehabitsofothercommunities

D.ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim

問題5選項

A.tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustoms

B.tostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividual

C.toexaminetheinteractionofmanandsocialcustoms

D.toshowman’sadjustmenttotraditionalcustoms

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance…Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.”，可知風(fēng)俗還沒有被普遍認(rèn)為是一件很重要的事情，但是風(fēng)俗的重點在于它在經(jīng)驗和信仰中所起的主導(dǎo)作用，以及它所表現(xiàn)出來的形式上的多樣性。第一段對文章的話題和中心思想做了總體闡述，可判斷出作者認(rèn)為，傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗在學(xué)術(shù)界被忽視的原因在于人們還沒有意識到風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對于我們而言所起的重要作用。選項C符合題意。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“thepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenlipintothelanguageofhisfamily.”，可知風(fēng)俗在形成個人行為方面所起的作用與個人對傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗的影響相反，就好像他的母語詞匯量占他自己嬰兒時期被家長所接受的語言詞匯量之比。可判斷出一個人對他所出生的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗幾乎沒有什么影響，選項A符合題意。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes”，可知即使在他的哲學(xué)探索中，他也無法超越這些刻板印象?？膳袛喑鲲L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣不是對一群人進(jìn)行哲學(xué)探索的直接結(jié)果。選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.”，可知從他出生的那一刻起，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣就塑造了他的經(jīng)歷和行為。可判斷不是在出生前就產(chǎn)生影響的，選項C可排除。文章沒有提到風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對于個人和集體的影響和利弊，選項D可排除。選項A符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.”，可知個人的生活史首先是對其社會中傳統(tǒng)的模式和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的調(diào)整?？膳袛喑鑫闹械腸ustom是指人類行為的模式和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownanabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.”，可知從他出生的那一刻起，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣就塑造了他的經(jīng)歷和行為。到他會說話的時候，他已經(jīng)慢慢開始熟悉文化了；到他長大的時候，能夠參加文化活動，文化帶來的習(xí)慣的信仰就是他的習(xí)慣和信仰?？膳袛喑鰪囊粋€人的出生到死亡，都受到了文化和傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的支配的影響。選項B符合題意。

5.作者意圖題?？v觀全文，文章開篇就提到了人們還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗對我們的行為和價值觀產(chǎn)生的影響，進(jìn)而忽視了它的重要性。下文用大量的篇幅闡釋了傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗對我們的影響，乃至于一個人從出生到死亡都會受到文化的影響和支配?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔懳恼碌囊鈭D在于強(qiáng)調(diào)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對個人的巨大影響，以引起人們對風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的重視。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

14.

問題1選項

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對話中女士要給男士加一條毛毯，男士說：You’resosweet，可知女士非常熱心。

3.單選題

Many（）cametothePresident’sreception.

問題1選項

A.person

B.characters

C.people

D.notables

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品質(zhì)”；people“人，人類”；notable“名人，顯要人物”。句意：許多顯要人物前來參加總統(tǒng)的招待會。

4.翻譯題

中華民族歷來尊重人的尊嚴(yán)和價值。還在遙遠(yuǎn)的古代，我們的先人就已提出“民為貴”的思想，認(rèn)為“天生萬物，唯人為貴”。一切社會的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，都取決于人的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，取決于人的尊嚴(yán)的維護(hù)和價值的發(fā)揮。今天中國所煥發(fā)出來的巨大活力，是中國人民擁有廣泛自由、民主的生動寫照。

今天，中國人民堅持走自己的路，進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)政治文化建設(shè)，把祖國建設(shè)成為一個初步繁榮昌盛的社會主義國家。同時，積極吸收和借鑒世界一切先進(jìn)的文明成果，這些成果對于中國的發(fā)展也起了重要的促進(jìn)作用。當(dāng)然，這種對外國文明的吸收和借鑒決不能是簡單的模仿。中國既不能照抄西方資本主義國家的發(fā)展模式，也不能硬搬其他國家建設(shè)社會主義的模式，而必須走適合自己國情的發(fā)展道路。這就是建設(shè)有中國特色的社會主義的道路。中國人民將堅定不移地沿著這條強(qiáng)國之路走下去。

【答案】TheChineseNationhasalwaysrespectedhumandignityandvalue.Evenintheancienttimes,ourancestorscameupwiththeideathat“peoplearethemostimportant.”Andtheybelievedthat“humansarethemostvaluableamongallthethingsthatHeavenfosters.”Developmentandprogressofasocietyhingeonthedevelopmentandprogressofhumans,anddependonhowwellhumandignityismaintainedandhowwellhumanvalueisrealized.TheimmensevitalitydisplayedbyChinatoday,isavividreflectionoftheextensivefreedomanddemocracyenjoyedbyChinesepeople.

Today,Chinesepeoplearestickingtotheirownroadtopursuethedevelopmentofeconomy,politicsandculture,turningourmotherlandintoasocialistcountrywithinitialprosperity.Meanwhile,wehaveearnestlyabsorbedanddrawnuponfruitsofadvancedworldcivilization,whichinturnhavegreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofChina.However,itmustbepointedoutthatsuchabsorptionandlearningprocessisbynomeansoneofsimpleimitation.ChinacannotcopythedevelopmentmodelofWesterncapitalistcountries,norcanitmechanicallyfollowothercountries’modelsofbuildingsocialism.Onthecontrary,wemustfollowadevelopmentroadthatissuitedtoournationalconditions.Thatis,theroadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.TheChinesepeoplewillmoveforwardunswervinglyalongthisroad.

5.單選題

Feministsociolinguists,overthecourseofthelastfewdecades,haveconductedstudiesthattheybelievesupporttheconclusionthatwomenareroutinelydiscriminatedagainstinEnglish-speakingsociety.Theypointtothewordsusedtodescribewomen,aswellasthewordsusedtodescribesocietyasawhole,asindicationsthattheEnglishlanguage,andthereforetheEnglish-speakingculture,isslantedtowardstheadvantageofmales.

ThewordsusedtodescribewomenareusedasinstrumentbyfeministsociolinguiststodenoteaninherentsexismintheEnglishlanguage.Wordpairssuchasmasterandmistressandsirandmadam,theyclaim,epitomizesuchsexism.Allofthewordsinquestiononceheldpositiveconnotationsbut,whilethemasculineformshaveretainedtheirrespectableassociations,thefeminineformshaveundergonepejorationandnowimplysexualpromiscuity(混雜)andothernegativecharacteristics.FeministresearchersassumethatsuchpejorationindicatethatthestatusofwomeninEnglish-speakingsocietyisrelativelylow.

Theseresearchersalsofindfaultwiththeuseofmasculinewordstodescribeunisexentities.Forexample,theyfeelthatthereisnothinginherentlymainlyaboutmankind,thebestmanforthejob,orthecommonman.Similarly,theuseofsuchconstructionsasthe“theaveragestudentsisworriedabouthisgrades”indicatetotheseresearchersaninherentsexisminEnglishthatisreflectiveoftheculturesinwhichtheyareproduced.

CarolynJacobson,authorofNon-sexistLanguagehasproposedasolutiontothisconundrum(難題).Sheadvocatestheeliminationofallsexedwordsinfavorofgender-neutralterms.Nolongershouldwerefertoactorsandactressesorwaitersandwaitresses,assuchdichotomies(男女有別)allowforthepossibilityofnegativeconnotationsbeingassociatedwiththefemininedesignation.Likewise,shebelievesthatphrasessuchasmankindshouldgivewaytohumankindandthattheuseofthemasculinepronounasthedefaultshouldbeabandonedinfavorofneutralconstructions.Thus,whensexismiseliminatedfromtheEnglishlanguage,theculturewillbemoreamenabletothedeliveranceofwomenaswell.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,gender-neutralconstructionsshouldbeadvocatedbecause（）.

3.Theauthorreferstomankind,thebestmanforthejob,andthecommonmaninorderto（）.

4.Theword“pejoration”mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Infavorofgender-neutralterms,whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeunisexentities?

問題1選項

A.compareandcontrastideologyinvariouscultures

B.proveacommonlyheldbelieftobewrong

C.describeaproblemandapossiblesolution

D.analyzethehistoricaloriginsofamodernsituation

問題2選項

A.theeliminationofsexismintheEnglishlanguagewillprecedetheeliminationofsexismintheculture

B.theyaremoregrammaticallysoundthansexedstructures

C.unisextermsarelessawkwardincasualspeech

D.sex-specifictermsalwayscarrynegativeconnotations

問題3選項

A.demonstratethesuperiorityofmalesinEnglish-speakingsociety

B.provideanexampleofspeechthatisslantedtowardstheadvantageofmales

C.listthecharacteristicsofthefeministsociolinguistmovement

D.discountthenotionthattheEnglishlanguagediscriminatesagainstwomen

問題4選項

A.negativeconnotation

B.positiveconnotation

C.sexualcharacteristic

D.respectablecharacteristic

問題5選項

A.mankind

B.chairperson

C.superman

D.dragonlady

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到英語中存在對女性固有的性別歧視，接著提出了一個解決這一問題的辦法，即消除所有性別詞匯，而使用中性詞匯。所以這篇文章的主要目的是描述了語言中存在的一個問題并提出了它的解決方法。因此C選項“描述一個問題和可能的解決方法”正確。A選項“比較和對比各種文化中的意識形態(tài)”，B選項“證明一個共同的信念是錯誤的”，D選項“分析近代形勢的歷史淵源”均和文章主題無關(guān)，所以A，B，D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“neutralconstructions”可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Likewise,shebelievesthatphrasessuchasmankindshouldgivewaytohumankindandthattheuseofthemasculinepronounasthedefaultshouldbeabandonedinfavorofneutralconstructions.Thus,whensexismiseliminatedfromtheEnglishlanguage,theculturewillbemoreamenabletothedeliveranceofwomenaswell.（同樣地，她認(rèn)為像mankind這樣的短語應(yīng)該讓位于humankind，并且應(yīng)該放棄默認(rèn)使用男性代詞的做法，而使用中性結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，當(dāng)性別歧視從英語語言中消失時，文化也會更容易接受女性的解放。），說明提倡使用中性結(jié)構(gòu)是因為要消除英語語言中的性別歧視，這樣才會消除文化中的性別歧視。因此A選項“消除英語中的性別歧視將先于消除文化中的性別歧視”正確。B選項“它們在語法上比有性別的結(jié)構(gòu)更合理”，C選項“中性用語在隨意說話時不那么尷尬”，D選項“特定性別的術(shù)語總是帶有負(fù)面的含義”均在文中沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mankind,thebestmanforthejob,andthecommonman”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Theseresearchersalsofindfaultwiththeuseofmasculinewordstodescribeunisexentities.Forexample,theyfeelthatthereisnothinginherentlymainlyaboutmankind,thebestmanforthejob,orthecommonman.（這些研究者還批評了使用男性化的詞語來描述中性實體的現(xiàn)象。例如，他們認(rèn)為，人類、工作最優(yōu)秀的人或普通人在本質(zhì)上并不存在什么主要問題。），說明在英語中會使用男性化的詞語來描述中性的概念，體現(xiàn)了英語語言會傾向于體現(xiàn)男性的優(yōu)勢。因此B選項“舉例說明語言偏向于男性的優(yōu)勢”正確。A選項“表明英語社會中男性的優(yōu)越性”，C選項“列舉女權(quán)主義社會語言學(xué)運動的特點”，D選項“對英語歧視婦女的說法不置可否”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

4.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“pejoration”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句FeministresearchersassumethatsuchpejorationindicatethatthestatusofwomeninEnglish-speakingsocietyisrelativelylow.（女性主義研究者認(rèn)為，這種侮辱表明了女性在英語社會中的地位相對較低。），說明“pejoration”在文中是消極、貶義的意思。因此A選項“消極的內(nèi)涵”正確。B選項“積極的內(nèi)涵”，C選項“性特征”，D選項“可敬的特點”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由原文可知，gender-neutralterms（中性詞語）指的是不帶有性別的詞匯。A選項mankind和C選項superman含有man（男人），D選項dragonlady含有l(wèi)ady（女人），所以A，C，D錯誤。B選項chairperson用的是中性詞匯person，可以男女通用。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

______thewall,wedecidedthatweshouldneedthreetinsofpaint.

問題1選項

A.Makingup

B.Doingup

C.Puttingup

D.Sizingup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A項makeup“構(gòu)成、化妝”；B項doup“扎、捆”；C項putup“舉起、建造”；D項sizeup“判斷、估量”；句意：我們估量了一下這面墻，決定需要三罐油漆。因此該題D項正確。

7.單選題

Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.（

）,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.

問題1選項

A.Asaresult

B.Bytheway

C.Inaword

D.Onthecontrary

【答案】C

【解析】asaresult作為結(jié)果；bytheway順便說；inaword總之，簡言之；onthecontrary正相反。句意：杰克善良、勤奮、聰明?？傊?，我對他評價再高也不過分。選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindowFlatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.ItisabribewewanttopocketFlatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

（

）.

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

（

）.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

問題2選項

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

問題3選項

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

問題4選項

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

問題5選項

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.（阿諛奉承也是一種賄賂，一種我們可以接受的情感饋贈，常常會用回報給贈予者他想要的東西）可知阿諛奉承是一種成功的賄賂，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.（阿諛奉承幾乎總是可以確切地認(rèn)出它是什么……同樣的事實是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目張膽的）可知選B。A選項為第一段的內(nèi)容；C選項只是作者用自己的經(jīng)歷舉例說明，阿諛奉承很顯而易見；D選項在第二段中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此選B。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.（阿諛奉承是人之常情……事實上，即使我們假裝嘲笑它，我們也可以盡情享受它）可知C選項“喜歡聽阿諛奉承的話是人類的天性”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”（阿諛奉承在這座城市里到處都有，正如Stengel正確的指出“在某些方面更接近文藝復(fù)興時期的歐洲，而不是我們的現(xiàn)代時代”）可推測阿諛奉承在文藝復(fù)興時期的歐洲宮廷也十分流行，因此選C。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue（所有這些都是完全正確的）和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays（阿諛奉承，他說得很對）與whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout（正如Stengel正確的指出）可知作者對RichardStengel的觀點都是用的正面肯定的詞，故可知作者是贊成RichardStengel的觀點的，因此選B。

9.單選題

Intheprofessionswherewomen（）numerically,itwouldbereasonabletoexpectthemtoholdseniorpositions.

問題1選項

A.tolerate

B.integrate

C.predominate

D.accumulate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使...完整；predominate支配，主導(dǎo)，在...中占優(yōu)勢；accumulate累積，積聚。句意：在婦女?dāng)?shù)量上占優(yōu)勢的職位中，期望她們擔(dān)任高級職位也是合情合理的。所以選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’ttoleratesomuchnoise.

問題1選項

A.resist

B.sustain

C.endure

D.undergo

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項resist“抵抗，抗拒”；B選項sustain“維持，支持，承擔(dān)”；C選項endure“忍耐，忍受”；D選項undergo“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受”。句意：有些老人不喜歡流行歌曲，因為他們受不了這么多的噪音。tolerate“忍受，容忍”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

Thechairmanoftheboard________onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.

問題1選項

A.compelled

B.posed

C.pressed

D.tempted

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項“迫使，強(qiáng)迫”；B選項“形成，擺姿勢”；C選項“壓迫”；D選項“引誘，吸引”。句意：董事會主席（）我干一件不愉快的工作，就是解雇公司負(fù)擔(dān)不起的優(yōu)秀員工。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞unpleasantjob，這里選擇“強(qiáng)迫”更加符合語境，可以排除B，D；compel一般和to搭配，而且后面接的賓語一般指人，指物的話需要用被動語態(tài)。presssthonsb“勉強(qiáng)某人接受”，這句話中press后面接的賓語過長，放在句子中間會造成頭重腳輕，所以把賓語后置了。

12.單選題

ThepanelofdistinguishedscientistsgatheredinCambridgetodiscusstheevidencesinsupportofDr.Thistlethwaite’srevolutionaryhypothesis.

問題1選項

A.Thepanelofdistinguishedscientists

B.inCambridge

C.discusstheevidencesin

D.supportof

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。evidences改為evidence。evidence:表示證據(jù)，只能用單數(shù)。

13.單選題

EnglishliteratureandLinguisticsare（

）coursesforEnglishmajors.

問題1選項

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.conditional

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項constrained“拘泥的，被強(qiáng)迫的”；B選項compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”；C選項conditional“條件語氣的”；D選項conventional“符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的”。主語是“EnglishliteratureandLinguistics英國文學(xué)和語言學(xué)”，空格后面“courses課程”是句子的表語。由此判斷空格部分意思為“compulsorycourses必修課程”，句意為：英國文學(xué)和語言學(xué)是英語專業(yè)的必修課程。選項B為正確答案。

14.單選題

Shesaidgoodnightasecondtimeandrandownstairsagainto______allherpreparationsforthemorrow.

問題1選項

A.turnon

B.accountfor

C.wrestlewith

D.letdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項turnon“打開，發(fā)動，取決于”，B項accountfor“對……負(fù)有責(zé)任，對……做出解釋”，C項wrestlewith“全力對付，努力克服”，D項letdown“使失望，放下，辜負(fù)”。由句子句意“她第二次道了晚安，然后又跑下樓去______為明天所做的一切準(zhǔn)備”可知，四個選項中只有wrestlewith符合語境。句意：她又道了一聲晚安，然后又跑下樓去為明天做準(zhǔn)備。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

15.單選題

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問題1選項

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項readily“容易地，樂意地”，B項smoothly“平穩(wěn)地，平滑地”，C項inevitably“不可避免地”，D項deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意：我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識到人越多生活水平越低。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

16.單選題

Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas（）.

問題1選項

A.leaking

B.trickling

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:大雨過后，叫來一位建筑工人修理在漏水的房頂。

考查形容詞辨析。leaking滲漏的，泄漏的(leak的現(xiàn)在分詞)；tricklingtrickle(滴，細(xì)細(xì)地流，慢慢地移動)的現(xiàn)在分詞；prominent突出的，顯著的，杰出的，卓越的；noticeable顯而易見的，顯著的，值得注意的。因此A符合句意。

17.單選題

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

問題1選項

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項sallow“氣色不好的；灰黃色的”；B選項vivid“生動的；鮮明的；鮮艷的”；C選項pale“蒼白的；無力的；暗淡的”；D選項blushing“鮮紅的；臉紅的”。句意：他長著方下巴，臉色蒼白，體格健壯但不太結(jié)實，看起來就像脖子上掛著個口哨的人。pasty“蒼白的；面糊似的”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Diamondshavelittle______valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

問題1選項

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項extinct“滅絕的”；B選項permanent“永恒的，不變的”；C選項surplus“過剩的”；D選項intrinsic“固有的，內(nèi)在的，本質(zhì)的”。根據(jù)theirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity可知D選項符合語義。句意：鉆石幾乎沒有內(nèi)在價值，其價格幾乎完全取決于其稀缺性。

19.單選題

Theworkerschoseto（

）theirdissatisfactioninaseriesofstrikes.

問題1選項

A.deliver

B.offer

C.manifest

D.indicate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。deliver“交付；發(fā)表”；offer“提供；出價”；manifest“證明，表明”；indicate”預(yù)示，象征”。句意：工人們選擇用罷工來表明他們的不滿。選項C符合題意。

20.單選題

Hadspringeverbeengentle,soendearingbefore?Hadeverylittlescene,everyshopwindow,everyfacehepassedeverbeensowonderfullyinteresting?

問題1選項

A.attractive

B.favorable

C.inspiring

D.peaceful

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.attractive吸引人的，令人愉快的B.favorable給人好印象的（有好感）

C.inspiring鼓舞人心的，激勵的，啟發(fā)靈感的D.peaceful安靜的，平靜的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】endearing的意思為“惹人喜愛的，討人喜歡的”，這里問春天是否曾經(jīng)惹人喜愛，讓人不自覺地被他吸引，attractive與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】春天曾經(jīng)如此惹人喜愛嗎？他走過的每一處、每一個商店櫥窗、每一張面孔，都曾經(jīng)是那么奇妙而有趣嗎？

21.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoft