高中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞用法詳解及練習(xí)(含答案詳解)

高中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞用法詳解及練習(xí)(含答案詳解)高中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞用法詳解及練習(xí)(含答案詳解)高中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞用法詳解及練習(xí)(含答案詳解)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考高中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞用法詳解及練習(xí)(含答案詳解)日期：20xx年X月非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞（一）——?jiǎng)釉~不定式動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)和動(dòng)名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)代英語將現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞合為一大類叫作v+ing形式。這些動(dòng)詞的形式不能在句中單獨(dú)作謂語用，因而沒有語法主語。但可以有邏輯主語。由于沒有語法主語，也就不受人稱和數(shù)的限定，因?yàn)椴皇侵^語，也就沒有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，但這些詞仍能表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，所以仍有表示與其他動(dòng)詞相對(duì)時(shí)間關(guān)系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此也有表示主、被動(dòng)的形式，同時(shí)也有自己的賓語和狀語，一起構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞的短語(動(dòng)詞不定式短語，分詞短語，動(dòng)名詞短語)。動(dòng)詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語用，所以叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。（一）動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：tostudy,toplay，動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動(dòng)詞用，但仍留著動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語，如：tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。1、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化：動(dòng)詞不定式有下列時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。不定式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding被動(dòng)tobebuildtohavebeenbuild2、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法：動(dòng)詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語用，如：（1）作主語：Tohelpeachotherisgood.（動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，如：Itisgoodtohelpeachother.（2）作表語：Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.動(dòng)詞不定式在系動(dòng)詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時(shí)的be+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別，如：Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我們的計(jì)劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為is，動(dòng)詞不定式tosetup…為表語，主語為plan，但plan并不是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式tosetup所表示的動(dòng)作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。）Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的aretosetup整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語，主語為we，同時(shí)也是動(dòng)詞不定式tosetup所表示的動(dòng)作的邏輯主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式tosetup所表示的動(dòng)作是由we產(chǎn)生的）。（3）作賓語：①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，如：Shewishestobeamusician.；②作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動(dòng)詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等，如：Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.；③動(dòng)詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動(dòng)詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時(shí)，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext（4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式須將to省去，如：Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.（5）動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動(dòng)詞不定式后置，如：Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.（6）作定語：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim和定語用的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞，如：Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place,time,way，不定式后面的介詞，習(xí)慣上可以省去，如：Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.（7）作狀語：動(dòng)詞不定式可以作下列的狀語：①目的狀語：EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto（以便或?yàn)榱耍?，但?yīng)注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可，而soasto不能位于句首，如：ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的作用，如：Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②結(jié)果狀語：Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。③too+形容詞或副詞+動(dòng)詞不定式，表示“足能?”的結(jié)果，如：Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.3、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式：由for+名詞（或代詞賓格）+動(dòng)詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語，這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語，如：Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語，這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等，如：Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.4、疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.5、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是由not+動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成，如：It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.6、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)形式所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系：（1）一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，但在多數(shù)情況下，是在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，如：Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.（其后），Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.（同時(shí)）；（2）完成式：動(dòng)詞不定式完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，如：Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（3）進(jìn)行式：動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而且與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如：ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.7、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法：如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般就用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，如：Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.非謂語動(dòng)詞（二）——?jiǎng)釉~-ing形式（二）-ing形式：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞。-ing形式仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成-ing短語。1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動(dòng)詞的-ing還有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞的-ing則沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動(dòng)詞make和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下：動(dòng)詞-ing及物動(dòng)詞make不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式makingbeingmadegoing完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone2、-ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主語：Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主語時(shí)，如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的-ing后置。如：Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.（2）作表語：Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.（3）作賓語：①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。Shelikesdrawingverymuch.；②作某些短語動(dòng)詞的賓語。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.；③do+限定詞（my,some,any,the等）+-ing，表示“做?事”之意，如：WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon④作介詞的賓語：Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.；⑤作形容詞worth,busy等的賓語：Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作賓語帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用it作為形式賓語，而將作賓語的-ing后置，如：Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain（4）作定語：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate注：-ing形式作定語用時(shí)，如果-ing只是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是-ing短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后，-ing作定語時(shí)，被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語。另外，-ing作定語用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作和句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，如果不是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，就不能用-ing作定語，要使用定語從句，如：ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.（5）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注：當(dāng)-ing在復(fù)合賓語中作賓語補(bǔ)足語用時(shí)，句中賓語就是這個(gè)-ing的邏輯主語，可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。（6）作狀語：①時(shí)間狀語：SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，其前一般可加when或while，如：Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因狀語：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴隨狀語：MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.3、主動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語用。句中的主語是它的邏輯主語，并且是它所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.4、被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作也是和句中謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語或狀語用。如：Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.5、被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在句中一般作狀語用。如：Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.6、-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語或表語，如：Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口語中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.7、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用-ing形式。表示一個(gè)具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn'twanttoplayittoday.8、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，而動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.9、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程，如：Ihearhersingingintheroom.我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。10、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況，而動(dòng)詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語時(shí)，一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語，如：Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.非謂語動(dòng)詞（三）——過去分詞(三）過去分詞：1、過去分詞的基本用法：過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動(dòng)語態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，如：（1）作定語：過去分詞作定語時(shí)，如果這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語，如：Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.（2）作表語：過去分詞作表語時(shí)，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：Theglassisbroken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。注：過去分詞作表語時(shí)，和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同，如：Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。（3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注：動(dòng)詞have后的復(fù)合賓語中，賓語補(bǔ)足語如為過去分詞，常表示該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由別人來執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語自己來執(zhí)行的，如：Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我（找別人）把我的自行車給修了。（4）作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when,if,while,though,as等連詞，如：Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.（we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語，是give的邏輯賓語。）獨(dú)立主格：上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中，-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語，但有時(shí)它們也能有自己的獨(dú)立的主語，這種獨(dú)立的主語，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前之前，和-ing或過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語用，而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式，則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系而定。至于獨(dú)立主格中是使用-ing或是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定，如：Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注：Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或havingbeen常可省去，如：Themeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.②作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常可用with短語來代替，如：Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.2、-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別：（1）語態(tài)不同：-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演說；theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的聽眾。（2）時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如：Thechangingworld正在發(fā)生的世界；thechangedworld已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)1．疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.2．動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：由not＋動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成.3．形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時(shí)的區(qū)別。v．-ing形式：表示抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作。不定式：表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn'twanttoplayittoday.4．形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。v．-ing形式：動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。eg.ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.5．形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。(1)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程，如：Ihearhersingingintheroom.我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。6．形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。v．-ing形式：表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。不定式：作目的或結(jié)果狀語。7．形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別：(1)語態(tài)不同：形式表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演說；theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的聽眾(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如：thechangingworld正在變化的世界thechangedworld已經(jīng)變化了的世界8．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：有時(shí)和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語，這種獨(dú)立的主語一般為名詞或代詞，和還有過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語。獨(dú)立主格中是使用還是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系來定，如：Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注意：①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或havingbeen?？墒∪ィ纾篢hemeeting_(being)_over,alllefttheroom.②作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語來代替，如：Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks.＝Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.非謂語的解題步驟或思路先判斷空格部分所需的是主句，從句還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。獨(dú)立的句子，從句或非謂語獨(dú)立的句子加句號(hào)，分號(hào)或破折號(hào)的話，后再加一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。獨(dú)立的句子，（逗號(hào)）有and,but,so等詞加獨(dú)立的句子。（2）再根據(jù)主句的主語，來判斷主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)；（3）接下來再判斷時(shí)態(tài)，（4）如果是否定的話，not一定要放在非謂語的前面（5）一定不要忘記主語一致的原則，如果不一致的話，要把非謂語的獨(dú)立主語加上。非謂語常見的位置，或在句子中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞址侵^語動(dòng)詞短語，+主句或者是主句，非謂語動(dòng)詞短語這時(shí)的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語起到狀語的作用例如：influencedbythegrowinginterestinnature,morepeopleenjoyoutdaooractivities.在這種情況下，首先,找出主句的主語，然后以主句的主語為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，來判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，如果已有的非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語和主句主語不一致，還要考慮獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是把非謂語動(dòng)詞的自己的主語加上去：例如：Allflightshavingbeencancelled,theydecidedtotakethetrain.其次,把非謂語動(dòng)詞和主句的動(dòng)詞比較，看是否同時(shí)發(fā)生還是有明顯的先后。跟在介詞，動(dòng)詞或某些形容詞的后面固定搭配只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式而不接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：admit承認(rèn)appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推遲keep保持consider考慮delay/postpone耽擱dislike嫌惡resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜歡escape避免excuse原諒practice練習(xí)mind介意fancy想不到feellike意欲finish完成risk冒險(xiǎn)include包括forgive原諒giveup放棄suggest建議miss逃過imagine想象can’thelp情不自禁involve需要can’tstand無法忍受understand理解常見的帶介詞to的短語：beusedto習(xí)慣berelatedto與……有關(guān)getdownto著手做contributeto貢獻(xiàn)putone’smindto全神貫注于giveriseto引起beequalto勝任devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于leadto導(dǎo)致beopposedto反對(duì)lookforwardto盼望objectto反對(duì)stickto堅(jiān)持payattentionto注意（3）介詞后一定要加動(dòng)詞的-ing形式；（4）跟在名詞后面做定語時(shí)，一般不用havingdone/havingbeendone結(jié)構(gòu)（5）放在句首做主語，一般用動(dòng)詞的ing和todo…特殊的非謂語短語Generallyspeaking一般來說Considering….考慮到，鑒于Time/weatherpermitting時(shí)間、天氣允許的話Taking…intoaccount考慮到Taking…intoconsideration考慮到Provided…假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如Judgingfrom/by…根據(jù)…判斷Givensth假如，如果；鑒于，考慮到Giventhat…假如，如果；鑒于，考慮到includingsth(sthincluded)包括某事非謂語動(dòng)詞基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving3.Ifeltitagreathonor______tospeaktoyou.A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting13.“WhereisDavid”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.tohavelost16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset”“_______hernewbike.”A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.A.beingsung,sangB.sang,singingC.sung,singD.tobesung,tosing非謂語動(dòng)詞提高練習(xí)1.Thegreathallwascrowdedwithmanypeople,__manychildren__ontheirparents’lapA.including;seatedB.including;seatingC.included;satD.included;sitting2.It’ssaidthattheOlympicGames_____inBeijingin2008willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.A.holdingB.tobeheldC.heldD.tobeholding3._____foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain4.Yesterdayastreet-beggarboughtalotteryticketpurposelessly,_____himamillionaireovernight.A.makingB.makesC.tomakeD.made5.InthefaceofthebigfireinOctoberinCalifornia,manypeopleinthefire-strickenareasmovedout_____.A.toescapeburningB.toescapebeingburnedC.escapingburnedD.escapingfromburning6.Takingthismedicine,if_____,willofcoursedogoodtohishealth.A.continuedB.tocontinueC.continuesD.continuing7.Thelittleboystillneedsthe_____20dollarstodowithsomethings_____.A.remaining;remainedtobesettledB.remaining;remainingtobesettledC.remained;remainedtosettleD.remained;remainingtosettle8._____hisage,thelittleboyreadquitewell.A.ConsideringB.ConsideredC.ConsiderD.Havingconsidered9._____fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful;butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.HavingjudgedD.Tojudge10.—Tomenjoys_____basketballonSundayafternoons,doesn’the—Yes,hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys_____.A.toplay;dancingB.playing;todanceC.toplay;todanceD.playing;istodance11.Hisletter,_____tothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.A.havingbeenaddressedB.tohaveaddressedC.tohavebeenaddressedD.beingaddressed12.TheSpaceShuttleColumbiabrokeintopiecesoverTexasasitreturnedtotheearthonFebruary1,2003,_____allsevenastronautsaboard.A.havingkilledB.killingC.beingkilledD.killed13.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_____inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired14.—Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff—_____theinvitations.A.TomdelayedsendingB.Tom’sdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.Tomdelayedtosend15.Iwasafraid_____tomycustomersbecauseIwasafraid_____them.A.oftalkingback;toloseB.oftalkingback;oflosingC.totalkback;toloseD.totalkback;oflosing16.Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut_____theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy17.—IsTomagoodtalker—No,heneverspeakstomeotherthan_____somethingA.askforB.toaskforC.askedforD.askingfor18.Ican’tgetmycar_____oncoldmornings,soIhavetotry_____theradiatorwithsomehotwater.A.run;tofillB.running;fillingC.running;tofillD.ran;filling19.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_____inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_____byhiswife.A.flying;tosleepB.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleepingD.tofly;tosleep20.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_____butthedoor_____.A.beingon;shutB.burning;shuttingC.burning;shutD.on;shutting21.Wefoundthestudentsseatedattablesandhadtheireyes_____onthesceneofthelaunchofShenzhouVspaceship.A.fixedB.fixC.fixingD.tofix22.Adoctorcanexpect_____atanyhourofthedayornight.A.callingB.tocallC.beingcalledD.tobecalled23.Theboyoftengivesasatisfactoryanswertotheteacher’squestion,_____justaminute.Sohe’susuallytheteacher’spet.A.thoughtB.havingthoughtC.andtothinkD.thinking24.Thepolicemancameuptothelonelyhousewiththedoor____,____thereforawhileandthenenteredit.A.open;tostandB.opening;stoodC.open;stoodD.opened;standing25._____alongthequietroadatfortymilesanhour,andthenanoldmansuddenlystartedtocrosstheroadinfrontofme.A.DrivingB.IwasdrivingC.HavingdrivenD.WhenIwasdriving26.Mr.Smithwasmuchsurprisedtofindthewatchhehadhad_____wasnowheretobeseen.A.repairingB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired27.Whatdidthelibrarian_____outofthelibraryA.permittotakeB.forbidtobetakenC.allowtotakeD.insistbeingtaken28.—Mum,whydoyougivemesomuchpopcorn—_____theboringtime.A.KillB.KillingC.TokillD.Havingkilled29.WhatYangLiweiwantedtodowhenhegotoutofthespaceshipwas__thejoywithalltheChinese.A.shareB.sharedC.havingsharedD.abouttoshare30.Whenshewasaloneathome,Maryneededafriend_____.A.playingwithB.havingplayedwithC.withwhomtoplaywithD.withwhomtoplay31._____thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____outoflife.A.Seeing;frightenedB.Seeing;frighteningC.Seen;frightenedD.Tosee;frightening32.Thecompetitorneverdreamedof_____forhimtowinthefirstprizeinthe100-meterrace.A.therewasachanceB.therebeingachanceC.itbeingachanceD.itwasachance33._____everythingtogowronginadvance,andyouwon’tfeelquitesobadwhenitdoes.A.HavingexpectedB.ExpectC.ToexpectD.Expecting34.—You_____partinthepartyontime.—Sorry,Iwasdelayedbytheaccident.A.aretotakeB.havesupposedtotakeC.weretohavetakenD.supposedtotake35._____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.TocompareC.WhilecomparingD.Itcompared36._____inherbestsuit,thegirltriedtomakeherself_____attheparty.A.Dressed;noticedB.Dressing;noticingC.Dressed;noticingD.Dressing;noticed37.Thematter_____yourstudysurelyrequires_____carefully.A.relatingto;dealingwithB.relatedto;dealtwithC.relatedto;beingdealtwithD.relatingto;havingdealtwith38._____madeherparentsworriedalot.A.HernottocomebackB.NothertocomebackC.HernotcomingbackD.Nothercomingback39.Everything_____intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking40.Hemovedawayfromhisparentsandmissedthem_____enjoytheexcitinglifeinNewYork.A.muchsoastoB.verymuchtoC.toomuchtoD.enoughto41.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheplan—It’seasiersaidthan_____.A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout42.ManybusinessmenattendedtheBoaoForum(博鰲論壇)becausetheyknewwhat_____fromtheforum.A.togetB.tobegotC.gotD.getting43.Therewasafamouspersonatthepartywhomeveryonewouldlike_____tothemselves.A.tointroduceB.tobeintroducedC.introducingD.beingintroduced44.—WereyouathomelastSunday—Yeah!Idevotedthewholedayto_____theEnglishgrammar.A.reviewB.reviewingC.bereviewedD.beingreviewed45.Once_____attheshop,youwillbedismissedimmediately.A.caughtstealingB.caughttostealC.catchingstealingD.tocatchtosteal46.Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying47._____,Johnreturnedtoschoolfromhishometown.A.ThesummervacationbeingoverB.ThesummervacationisoverC.BecausethesummervacationoverD.Afterthesummervacationbeingover48._____shecan’tcome,whowilldotheworkA.SupposedB.SupposingC.HavingsupposedD.Beingsupposed49.—Isthereanythingyouwantfromtown—No,thankyou.ButIwouldliketoget_____.A.thoselettersmailedB.mailedlettersC.tomailthoselettersD.thoselettersmail50.Aftertheguestsleft,shespentasmuchtimeasshecould_____therooms.A.tidyupB.toclearawayC.clearawayD.tidyingup2012全國(guó)各地區(qū)高考非謂語動(dòng)詞匯總1【2012江西卷】33．Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents. A．speaking B．havingspoken C．tospeak D．tohavespoken2【2012江西卷】35．Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter____________himit. A．offered B．offering C．tooffer D．tobeoffered3【2012湖南卷】21.We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds____toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.tobe4【2012重慶卷】31.Beforeyouquityourjob,______howyourfamilywouldfeelaboutyourdecision.A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered5【2012重慶卷】28.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinthefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade6【2012重慶卷】workovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked7【2012遼寧卷】29.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate8【2012四川卷】8.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound9【2012四川卷】12.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar____.A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash10【2012陜西卷】inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad. A.Standing B.Tostand C. Stood D.Stand11【2012陜西卷】hetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet12【2012北京卷】23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.A.corrects B.correct correct D.correcting13【2012北京卷】27._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.Use B.Using C.Used D.Touse14【2012全國(guó)II】15.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_____anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched15【2012全國(guó)II】10.Tonylentmethemoney,______thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped16【2012北京卷】3