考研考博-英語-寧波大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadto

B.woulddo

C.shouldhave

D.mighthaveto

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。shouldhavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒做”。句意：我上周沒有提交申請表格，這本是我應(yīng)該去做的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Shoppingforclothesisnotthesameexperienceforamanasitisforawoman.Amangoesshoppingbecauseheneedssomething.Hispurposeissettledanddecidedinadvance.Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.Allmensimplywalkintoashopandasktheassistantforwhattheywant.Iftheshophasitinstockthesalesmanpromptlyproducesit,andthebusinessoftryingiton,proceedsatonce.Allbeingwell,thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes,withhardlyanychatandtoeveryone'ssatisfaction.

Foraman,slightproblemsmaybeginwhentheshopdoesnothavewhathewants,ordoesnothaveexactlywhathewants.Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish."Iknowthisjacketisnotthestyleyouwant,sir,butwouldyouliketotryitforsize?Ithappenstobethecoloryoumentioned."Fewmenhavepatiencewiththistreatment,andtheusualresponseis"Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton."

Nowhowdoesawomangoaboutbuyingclothes?Inalmosteveryrespectshedoessointheoppositeway.Hershoppingisnotoftenbasedonneed.Shehasneverfullymadeuphermindwhatshewants,andsheisonly"havingalookaround".Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.Contrarytoalotofjokes;mostwomenhaveanexcellentsenseofvaluewhentheybuyclothes.Theyarealwaysonthelook-outfortheunexpectedbargain.Facedwitharoomfulofdresses,awomanmayeasilyspendanhourgoingfromonerailtoanother,toandfro,oftenretracinghersteps,beforeselectingthedressesshewantstotryon.Itisalaboriousprocessbutapparentlyanenjoyableone.Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands.

1.Whenamanisbuyingclothes,（

）.

2.Incommerceagoodsalesmanisonewho

（

）.

3.Whatdoesamandowhenhecannotgetexactlywhathewants?

4.Accordingtothispassage,whenshoppingforclothes,women

（

）.

5.Whatisthemostobviousdifferencebetweenmenandwomenshoppers?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hechoosesthingsthatothersrecommend

B.hebuyscheapthings,regardlessofquality

C.hebuysgoodthings,solongastheyarenottooexpensive

D.hedoesnotmindhowmuchhehastopayfortherightthings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sellssomethingacustomerdoesnotparticularlywant

B.alwayshasinstockthethingthecustomerwants

C.canfindoutquicklythegoodsrequired

D.doesnotwastehistimeondifficultcustomers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hebuyssomethingthatissimilarenoughtotheidealone.

B.Heusuallydoesnotbuyanything.

C.Atleasttwoofhisrequirementsmustbemetbeforehebuys.

D.Solongasthestyleisright,hebuysthething.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.oftenbuythingswithoutthinking

B.seldombuycheapclothes

C.welcomesuggestionsfromanyone

D.nevertakeanyadvice

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thefactthatmendonottryclothesoninashop.

B.Womenbargainfortheirclothesbutmendonot.

C.Womenstandupwhileshopping,butmensitdown.

D.Thetimetheytakeoverbuyingclothes.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.（他知道他想要什么，他的目標(biāo)是找到它并購買它；價(jià)格是次要的考慮因素）可知選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish.（在這種情況下，推銷員，顧名思義，試圖向顧客推銷其他東西——他提供了最接近他所需要的物品。優(yōu)秀的推銷員不會直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲞@樣的替代方案，而是用技巧和變通來做的這點(diǎn)）可知選A。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton（這是對的顏色，可能是合適的尺寸，但試穿還是浪費(fèi)你我的時(shí)間）可知選B。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.（她總是樂于接受說服；事實(shí)上，她非常重視女售貨員告訴她的話，甚至是同伴對她說的話。她會試穿很多東西。在她心中最重要的是應(yīng)該找到每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為適合她的東西）可知選C。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes（這筆交易可以而且經(jīng)常在不到五分鐘內(nèi)完成）和最后一段中Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands（所以大多數(shù)服裝店都為等候的丈夫提供椅子）可知男女購物最大的區(qū)別是購物花費(fèi)的時(shí)間，因此選D。

3.單選題

Somediseasesare（

）bycertainwateranimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transplanted

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。transplant移植；transform改變，變換；transport運(yùn)輸；transmit傳輸，傳播。

句意：有些疾病是由某些水生動物傳播的。這里指疾病的傳播，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Thestudents,arrivingattheusualtimeforbreakfast,wereextremelyfhriouswhentheydiscoveredthatthepricesofalmostthefooditemshaddoubledovernight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.students,arriving

B.wereextremelyfhrious

C.almostthefooditems

D.haddoubled

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】副詞多余。去除extremely。由furious的英文釋義“markedbyextremeandviolentenergyorextremeanger”知它已經(jīng)含有extremely“極其；非?！钡囊馑?，故B項(xiàng)這里的“extremely”屬于重復(fù)，應(yīng)該去除。

5.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意測驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在開始顯示出一種不情愿的共識……即高失業(yè)率很可能會持續(xù)下去。這意味著我們必須設(shè)法更廣泛地分享現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)機(jī)會）從民意調(diào)查結(jié)果可知現(xiàn)在失業(yè)率很高，現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)只能滿足一小部分人口，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的四個(gè)問句（我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)把就業(yè)視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？難道我們不應(yīng)該鼓勵許多其他方式來尊重別人的工作嗎？我們是否應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件，讓很多人可以為自己工作，而不是為雇主工作？難道我們的目標(biāo)不應(yīng)該是重振家庭和社區(qū)，以及工廠和辦公室，作為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎？）可知我們應(yīng)該改變以前的工作觀念，被雇傭并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改變觀念的具體例子，并不能概括其中心觀點(diǎn)，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以為將來的工作提供更好的前景）可知與A選項(xiàng)“普遍就業(yè)實(shí)際上保證了繁榮”說法不符，工業(yè)時(shí)代只是提供一個(gè)好的工作機(jī)會，并不能保證繁榮；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如歷史所示，普遍就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)自由）可知B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)自由在每個(gè)人的掌握之中”說法不正確；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的變化可能會被保留）可知與D選項(xiàng)“人們對工作的態(tài)度必須保留”不符，通過排除法，因此選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（隨著交通的改善……最終，許多人的工作失去了與他們的家庭生活和他們居住的地方的所有聯(lián)系）可知人們可以到離家很遠(yuǎn)的地方工作，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的內(nèi)容為：這一切現(xiàn)在可能必須改變?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候把為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的烏托邦式目標(biāo)的努力和資源，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閹椭芏鄾]有全職工作的人進(jìn)行管理的緊迫的實(shí)際任務(wù)上來。烏托邦表示某些好的，但是無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的（或幾乎無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的）建議、愿望、計(jì)劃等，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會是不可能的”符合題意。

6.單選題

Veryfewexpertshave（）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld’seconomicproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。cometo達(dá)到；comearound恢復(fù)；comeupwith提出；comeon快點(diǎn)。句意：很少有專家能對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題提出全新的答案。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarwasafour-yeararmed（1）betweennorthernandsouthernsectionsoftheUnitedStates.ThefightingbeganonApril12,1861,and（2）untilMay1865.

Foralongtime（3）theCivilWar,theNorthandSouthhad（4）eachotheronmanyissues.Mostpeopleinthe（5）wantedtoabolishslavery,oratleasttostopitsspreadtonewstates,（6）theslaveownersoftheSouthheldthat（7）shouldbeallowedeverywhere.

AnotherissuethatdividedtheNorthandSouthwasa（8）one.TheNorthbelievedinastrongcentralgovernment,（9）,thefederalgovernmentshouldhavemorepowerthanthestategovernments.Mostsoutherners,（10）,regardedthenationasaunionofseparateandmoreorless（11）states.Theyheldthatastatehadtherightto（12）or“secede”fromtheUnionwhenitfeltitsintereststobethreatened.

InNovember,1860,AbrahamLincolnwas（13）the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.SinceLincolnhadbecomewell-known（14）thecountryforhisanti-slaveryviews,hiselectioncausedapanicamongthe（15）intheSouth.Onemonthlater,SouthCarolinasecededfrom（16）.ByFebruary1,1861,sixotherstates—Mississippi.Florida,Alabama,Georgia,Louisiana,andTexas—hadtaken（17）steps.

PresidentLincolnknewthatifthese（18）stateswereallowedtoleavetheUnion,itwouldsoon（19）.Soshortlyafterhehadtakenoffice,itwasdecidedbyhiscabinetthattheUnionwastobepreserved（20）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.quarrel

C.battle

D.struggle

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.established

B.preserved

C.founded

D.lasted

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.before

C.until

D.to

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.disagreedwith

B.agreedto

C.agreedwith

D.disagreedto

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.North

B.South

C.CivilWar

D.Country

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.so

C.and

D.while

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.freedom

B.slavery

C.plantation

D.revolution

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.political

B.economical

C.educational

D.artificial

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.sotosay

B.however

C.thatis

D.forexample

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.asaresult

B.however

C.yet

D.in

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.dependent

B.independent

C.complete

D.incomplete

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.succeed

B.erect

C.establish

D.withdraw

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.elected

B.selected

C.chosen

D.appointed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.throughout

C.among

D.during

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.laborparty

B.factoryowners

C.slaveowners

D.presidents

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.theUnion

B.theNorth

C.theSouth

D.theState

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.alike

B.likely

C.similar

D.related

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.six

B.two

C.live

D.seven

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.gettogether

B.burstinto

C.breakout

D.breakup

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.byforce

B.bypersuading

C.bytalking

D.byeducation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突，矛盾”；B選項(xiàng)quarrel“吵架，爭論”；C選項(xiàng)battle“戰(zhàn)役，斗爭”；D選項(xiàng)struggle“斗爭，奮斗”。根據(jù)句意“美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是美國北部和南部地區(qū)之間長達(dá)四年的武裝沖突?！边x項(xiàng)A最符合語境。

2.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)establish“建立”；B選項(xiàng)preserve“保存”；C選項(xiàng)found“創(chuàng)立”；D選項(xiàng)last“持續(xù)”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說戰(zhàn)爭從1861年4月12持續(xù)到了1865年5月，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.考查介詞辨析。原文是說在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)之前的很長一段時(shí)間里，南北雙方在很多問題上就已經(jīng)存在分歧了。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)下文的描述可以推斷出雙方應(yīng)該是存在分歧，由此可首先排除選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)C；當(dāng)表示雙方意見不一致的時(shí)候用介詞with，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.考查上下文語義。本段主要是講南北之間的矛盾，下文提到了南方的奴隸主，那這里指的應(yīng)該是北方的大多數(shù)人想要取消奴隸制。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。前后形成對比并且是相反的情況，應(yīng)使用連詞while表轉(zhuǎn)折，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.考查上下文語義。上文提及北方大多數(shù)人想要取消奴隸制，然而南方的奴隸主們認(rèn)為奴隸制在任何地方都應(yīng)該被允許，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)political“政治的”；B選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”；C選項(xiàng)educational“教育的”；D選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的”。根據(jù)原文可知，分裂南北方屬于政治問題，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

9.考查連接詞。A選項(xiàng)sotosay“可以這么說，打個(gè)比方說”；B選項(xiàng)however“然而”；C選項(xiàng)thatis“也就是說，換言之”；D選項(xiàng)forexample“例如”。根據(jù)句意“北方相信一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的中央政府，（），聯(lián)邦政府應(yīng)該比州政府擁有更多的權(quán)力。”句子的后半部分是對前半部分的進(jìn)一步解釋，所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

10.考查邏輯連接詞。上文提及北方相信一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的中央政府，而下文講到南方認(rèn)為這個(gè)國家是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的，或者或多或少獨(dú)立的州組成的聯(lián)盟，前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

11.考查上下文語義。這里是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)上一句“regardedthenationasaunionofseparate把國家看作是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的聯(lián)合體”可知，后半句表示或多或少獨(dú)立的州。所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)succeed“繼承，接替”；B選項(xiàng)erect“豎立，建造”；C選項(xiàng)establish“建立”；D選項(xiàng)withdraw“撤退，離開”。根據(jù)句意“他們認(rèn)為，當(dāng)一個(gè)州感到自己的利益受到威脅時(shí)，它有權(quán)退出或“脫離”聯(lián)邦?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文語境。

13.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elect“選舉”；B選項(xiàng)select“選擇”；C選項(xiàng)choose“挑選”；D選項(xiàng)appoint“任命，委派”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說林肯當(dāng)選為美國第16任總統(tǒng)，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意“林肯反奴隸制的觀點(diǎn)聞名于全國”，貫穿全國用介詞throughout，選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)句意“他（林肯）的當(dāng)選在南部引起了恐慌。”林肯反對奴隸制，損害的是南方奴隸主的利益，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

16.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，這里指脫離的是聯(lián)邦政府，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

17.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alike“相似的，相像的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)人長得相像；B選項(xiàng)likely“可能的，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”；D選項(xiàng)related“有關(guān)聯(lián)的”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說其他六個(gè)州也采取了類似的措施，選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

18.考查上下文語義。南卡羅來納州已經(jīng)脫離了聯(lián)邦政府，所以這里是說“如果這六個(gè)州也被允許脫離聯(lián)邦政府的話”，選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

19.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)gettogether“聚集，積累”；B選項(xiàng)burstinto“闖入”；C選項(xiàng)breakout“爆發(fā)，突發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)breakup“解散，衰落”。根據(jù)句意“如果這六個(gè)州也被允許脫離聯(lián)邦政府的話，聯(lián)邦很快就會分裂。”選項(xiàng)D符合原文語境。

20.考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)byforce“強(qiáng)迫地，靠武力”；B選項(xiàng)bypersuading“通過勸說”；C選項(xiàng)bytalking“通過談判”；D選項(xiàng)byeducation“通過教育”。根據(jù)句意“因此，在他就職后不久，他的內(nèi)閣決定通過武力來維護(hù)聯(lián)邦?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

8.單選題

Togetmytraveler’schecksIhadto____suchaspecialchecktothebankforthetotalamount.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makefor

B.makeout

C.makeup

D.makeover

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.makefor前往；造就B.makeout填寫完

C.makeup補(bǔ)充；編造；構(gòu)成D.makeover轉(zhuǎn)讓

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析與動賓搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填短語搭配的賓語為“一張?zhí)貏e的支票”，B選項(xiàng)makeout“填寫完”可以與之搭配，makeoutacheck“填寫支票”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)與賓語“一張?zhí)貏e的支票”搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】為了取得全額的旅行支票，我必須給銀行開一張?zhí)貏e的支票。

9.翻譯題

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中國正處于一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的轉(zhuǎn)型階段。人口老齡化的迅速增長、不斷增加的債務(wù)以及固定資產(chǎn)投資回報(bào)率的下降給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了新的負(fù)擔(dān)。由于人口老齡化，中國的勞動力總量預(yù)期今年達(dá)到最高峰，然后開始一個(gè)長期的減少，而到2050年中國的勞動力規(guī)?？赡軠p少16%。到2030年，中國的撫養(yǎng)比率——即不屬于勞動力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和兒童）將達(dá)到47%。而中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的減少會比日本或美國等國家出現(xiàn)得早很多。

10.單選題

Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars,

Youcanseeevenmorewithatelescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethatmanystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightseethatsomestarsthatlookwhitearereallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjectsinthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.

Butscientistsbelievetherearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththebiggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey'reinvisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.

Youmightfindithardtoimaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupintheskyburningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingoldorweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.

Asastar'sgasesburn,theygiveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.

Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashesintoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasverysmall,thestarendsupasacold,darkballcalledablackdwarf.Ifthestarwasverybig,itkeepssquashinginwarduntilit'spackedtogethertighterthananythingintheuniverse.

ImagineiftheEarthwerecrusheduntilitwasthesizeofatinymarble.That'showtightlythisdeadstar,ablackholeispackeD.Whatpullsthestarintowarditscenterwithsuchpower?It'sthesameforcethatpullsyoudownwhenyoujump—theforcecalledgravity.Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes.That'swhyyouseenothingbutblackness.

Sothenexttimeyoustareupatthenightsky,remember：there'smoreintheskythanmeetstheeyes!Scatteredinthesilentdarknessareblackholes—thegreatmysteryofspace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcausesastartodie?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?

3.WhathappensAFTERastardies?

4.Whycan'tyouseelightwhenyoulookatablackhole?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asitsgasesrunout,itcoolsdown.

B.Itcollideswithotherstars.

C.Itcanonlyliveforaboutamillionyears.

D.Asitgetshotterandhotter,itexplodes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Blackholesaredeadstars.

B.Blackholeshavegravity.

C.Blackholesareinvisible.

D.Thereisnothingasmysteriousasablackhole.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itbecomesinvisible.

B.ItfallstoEarth.

C.Itburnsupallofitsgases.

D.Itbecomesbrighterandeasiertosee.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostblackholesaresofaraway.

B.Becausethegravityofablackholeissostrongthatitsucksthelightinward.

C.Becauseasthestar'sgasesburn,itstopsgivingoffheatandlight.

D.Becauseasastarcools,itsouterlayerspullintowarditscenter.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefutureofourSunbillionsofyearsfromnow.

B.ThedifferencebetweenourSunandadeadstar.

C.Themysteryofblackholesintheuniverse.

D.Thesparklinganddyingstarsinthesky.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)笫五段的第二句"whenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie."當(dāng)氣體耗盡時(shí),恒星停止燃燒并開始死亡。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C均是對黑洞正確的描述;選項(xiàng)D描述太絕對,所以不正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)六七段的內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)恒星死亡后,重力使其向內(nèi)擠壓,最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不見的,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)策二段的倒數(shù)二三句"Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes."黑洞是如此的緊湊以至于它的重力吸收一切——甚至光。黑洞發(fā)出的光永遠(yuǎn)不會回到你的眼睛里。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,本文主要是講黑洞的形成與影響,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.翻譯題

BrendaFarmerandWillieBlanscethavesatacrossfromeachotherontheButterballbagginglinefor17years,102cold,rawturkeysslidingbyinfrontofthemeveryminute.“MeandWillielookateachotherandsay,‘Howintheworldcananybodyeatthismuchturkey?’”

Theoddsaregoodthatyoursmaybeone.1.Thewomen,alongwithworkersatanotherButterballplanta90-minutedriveaway,helpproduceaboutathirdofthe43millionturkeysthenationwilleattoday,accordingtotheNationalTurkeyFederation.

ThiscomerofnorthwestArkansasisnotthelandoffree-runningheritagebirdsthatcommand$16apound.Aleisurelymorningbrowsingthefarmers,marketisnothowmostpeoplespendaSaturday.

2.Inthiscommunityof3,000ontheArkansasRiver,whereeveryoneischeeringontheHillbillies,thehighschoolfootballteamthatmadeittothestateplayoffs,turkeyisanindustry.AndajobattheButterballplantisoneofthemostreliableintown.

ThemedianincomeinFranklinCountyisjustover$30,000ayear.Unemploymentisat7.3percent.Everyweek,adozenorsopeopleshowupattheplantlookingforwork.Maybetwogethired,plantmanagerssaid.

Itisnoteasywork.Turkeysneedtobestunnedanddispatchedandgutted.Someonehastocuttheoilglandoutofthetail.Necksandgizzardsandlivershavetobecleanedandstuffedintoacavity.3.Duringasix-weekperiodthatbeginsinOctober,thelinerunssevendaysaweektoprocessfreshturkey.Itisaperiodpeopleintownsimplyrefertoas“fresh”,anditisgrueling.

“It’salongbattlewhenwe’reworkingfresh,butIatleastgotsomebillspaidandChristmasmoney,”Mrs.Farmersaid.“IjustsitthereandhumandsingandtalktomyfriendWillie.Wegetthroughittogether.”

【答案】1.一些婦女和工人們在距離這里90分鐘車程的巴特堡養(yǎng)殖場工作。根據(jù)美國火雞聯(lián)盟提供的數(shù)字，今天全國火雞的總消耗量將達(dá)4300萬只，其中總量的三分之一的火雞由巴特堡的這家養(yǎng)殖場提供。

2.阿肯色河沿岸有3000個(gè)群落。這里的每一個(gè)人都在為高中橄欖球隊(duì)希爾比利斯能進(jìn)入全國季后賽而歡呼雀躍。在這里，火雞是一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。

3.在從十月份起長達(dá)六周的時(shí)間里，生產(chǎn)線整周整周不停地加工新鮮的火雞。小鎮(zhèn)里的人稱這段時(shí)間為“新鮮期”，這段時(shí)間的工作十分折磨人。

12.單選題

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)homogeneity“同質(zhì)，同種”，B項(xiàng)proximity“接近”，C項(xiàng)lingering“拖延的，遲遲不結(jié)束的”，D項(xiàng)access“通道，進(jìn)入，機(jī)會”。根據(jù)but可知，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一個(gè)鄰居的上面可能會令人窒息）對比可知，前面空格處應(yīng)該表示“住在鄰居隔壁”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：住得離鄰居很近是很舒適的，但是住在一個(gè)鄰居的上面可能會令人窒息。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Forallherrichexperienceinpracticinglaw,thelawyerfailedtoprymuchinformationoutofthe______witness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.obstinate

C.sober

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的；精致的；久經(jīng)世故的；富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”；B選項(xiàng)obstinate“頑固的；倔強(qiáng)的；難以控制的”；C選項(xiàng)sober“冷靜的，清醒的；未醉的”；D選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的；沮喪的；陰郁的”。句意：盡管這位律師有豐富的律師執(zhí)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但她未能從這位固執(zhí)的證人那里打聽到多少信息。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyaretoo（

）fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.scary

C.scared

D.scarred

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；scary“可怕的，恐怖的”；scared“害怕的”；scarred“傷痕累累的”。句意：一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母們正在摒棄傳統(tǒng)的童話故事，因?yàn)樗鼈兲植溃贿m合年幼的兒童。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Backin1992,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemandinafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.

Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthor,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest