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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門大學(xué)嘉庚學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina()ontherailwayyesterday.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.collision
B.collaboration
C.corrosion
D.confrontation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)collision“碰撞,沖突”,B項(xiàng)collaboration“合作”,C項(xiàng)corrosion“腐蝕”,D項(xiàng)confrontation“對(duì)抗,面對(duì)”。把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入句子中,可知只有collision符合。句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,昨天有30人在鐵路相撞中喪生。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Lifeoffersusamyriadof(),evenopposingones,andwhatisinvolvedinourdecisionprocessistodiscoverandchoosewhatismostsuitedtoarriveatourobjectives.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.bisociations
B.navigations
C.digerati
D.paradigms
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bisociations“異類聯(lián)想”;B選項(xiàng)navigations“航行,航?!保籆選項(xiàng)digerati“電腦專家”;D選項(xiàng)paradigms“范例,范式”。句意:生活給我們提供了無(wú)數(shù)的模式,甚至是對(duì)立的模式,而在我們做出決定的過(guò)程中,我們要發(fā)現(xiàn)并選擇最適合我們達(dá)到目標(biāo)的模式。本句表示生活中的范式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Instudyingsocialgroups,sociologistsoftengain()throughtheuseofsuchdevicesasquestionnaires.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.assess
B.credibility
C.understanding
D.insight
【答案】A
【解析】gainaccess(to)為固定搭配,意為“接近,獲得權(quán)限,得到(信息,資源等)”,這里省略了介詞to。選項(xiàng)A正確。
4.翻譯題
“Allnatureismeanttomakeusthinkofparadise,”ThomasMertonobserved.BecausetheCreationputsonanonstopshow,beautyisfreeandinexhaustible,butweneedtraininginordertoperceivemorethanthemostobviouskinds.Even15billionyearsorsoaftertheBigBang,echoesofthateventstilllingerintheformofbackgroundradiation,onlyafewdegreesaboveabsolutezero.Lustso,Ibelieve,theexperienceofbeautyisanechooftheorderandpowerthatpermeatetheuniverse.Tomeasurebackgroundradiation,weneedsubtleinstruments;tomeasurebeauty,weneedalertintelligenceandourfivekeensenses.
Anyonewitheyescantakedelightinafaceoraflower.Youneedtraining,however,toperceivethebeautyinmathematicsorphysicsorchess,inthearchitectureofatree,thedesignofabird’swing,ortheshiverofbreaththroughaflute.Formostofhumanhistory,thetraininghasfromelderswhotaughttheyounghowtopayattention.Bypayingattention;welearntosavorallsortsofpatterns,fromquantummechanicstopatchworkquilts.Thispredilectionbringswithitaclearevolutionaryadvantage,fortheabilitytorecognizepatternshelpedourancestorstoselectmates,findfood,avoidpredators.Butthesameadvantagewouldapplytoallspecies,andyetwealonecomposesymphoniesandcrosswordpuzzles,carvestoneintostatus,maptimeandspace.
【答案】托馬斯?默頓曾感言:“天地萬(wàn)物欲使我們想到天堂。”上天造物,生生不息,猶如連番上演的舞臺(tái)劇,美亦展示得無(wú)拘無(wú)朿、無(wú)窮無(wú)盡。若要從最顯見(jiàn)的物類中獲得更多美的感悟,則須經(jīng)專門訓(xùn)練。即使在宇宙大爆炸的一百五十億年后,其反射仍以背景輻射的形式,略略徘徊于絕對(duì)零度之上。正因?yàn)榇耍藗儗?duì)美的體驗(yàn),實(shí)則是對(duì)宇宙間無(wú)處不在的秩序與力量的回應(yīng)。測(cè)量背景輻射,要有精巧的儀器;體驗(yàn)美,則需機(jī)敏的智能與敏銳的五官了。
凡眼見(jiàn)于俏臉、鮮花,無(wú)人不覺(jué)賞心悅目。然而,要參透數(shù)學(xué)、物理或棋弈之美,欣賞樹(shù)之有形、鳥之翼趣,乃至對(duì)長(zhǎng)笛奏出的悠悠顫音心領(lǐng)祌會(huì),則必經(jīng)專門訓(xùn)練方可體味。在人類大部歷史上,這種訓(xùn)練就是學(xué)會(huì)如何觀察,歷來(lái)由長(zhǎng)者教之于幼者。通過(guò)觀察,人類學(xué)會(huì)鑒賞天地萬(wàn)化之模式,從量子力學(xué)到百納被無(wú)所不包。此癡情所至,亦使人類在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中占盡先機(jī),能辨萬(wàn)化之象,有助于先人們擇偶、覓食,逃避猛獸。按理,同一進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢(shì)本應(yīng)造福世間一切物種,然惟獨(dú)人類能譜出交響曲、制作填字游戲、創(chuàng)造石雕藝術(shù)、標(biāo)示時(shí)空天體。
那么,是人類為獲敏銳的感知而一味將其動(dòng)物的本能需求推向了乖戾之極致,還是人腦構(gòu)造與宇宙天體碰巧契合呢?
5.單選題
Laborandmanagementhaveagreedonatemporarysettlement,thereby
astrike.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.starting
B.forestalling
C.causing
D.accelerating
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。start“開(kāi)始”;forestall“預(yù)先阻止”;cause“導(dǎo)致”;accelerate“使……加快”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息atemporarysettlement可知是暫時(shí)解決了問(wèn)題,因此阻止了罷工(strike)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意:勞資雙方達(dá)成了協(xié)議,一場(chǎng)罷工被阻止。
6.單選題
Itisobviousthat,()self-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.while
B.as
C.when
D.since
【答案】A
【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)while用作連詞時(shí),譯為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候,和……同時(shí);雖然……,盡管……”;B選項(xiàng)as表原因;C選項(xiàng)when表時(shí)間;D選項(xiàng)since表原因。題干的意思是“很明顯,雖然自我意識(shí)是一種健康的品質(zhì),()過(guò)度的自我意識(shí)是有害的?!彼钥崭裉帒?yīng)填while表轉(zhuǎn)折。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
TheEnglishspeakerhas[A]athisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrulewhich[B]enablehimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,to[C]theotherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,[D]boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.athisdisposal
B.enable
C.theother
D.boththatwhich
【答案】C
【解析】考查代詞用法。C選項(xiàng)theother表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”,而句中并沒(méi)有標(biāo)明只有兩個(gè)講英語(yǔ)者。因此應(yīng)改為other“其他的”。
8.單選題
Eventhoughitisa(
)explanation,Iamnotcompletelyconvinced.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.susceptible
B.plausible
C.plentiful
D.reliable
【答案】B
【解析】susceptible易受影響的,易感動(dòng)的;plausible貌似可信的,貌似有理的;plentiful許多的,豐富的;reliable可靠的,可信賴的。句意:盡管這是一個(gè)合理的解釋,但我并不完全信服。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
9.單選題
Heisanhonestperson.Heis______todosuchadishonestthing.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theleastman
B.notlikely
C.thelastman
D.thelatestman
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。在“thelastpersontodosth.”或“thelastpersonthat...”句式中,thelast=theleastlikely;last由原義“最后的”演繹為“最不大可能的,最不愿意……的”,因此它含有否定的意思,如:YouarethelastpersonIwanttosee.“你是我最不愿意看到的人”,That’sthelastthinghewants.“那是他最不愿意要的東西”,但并非所有的thelastpersontodosth.都表示“最不肯(或最不會(huì),最不愿意)做某事的人”,有時(shí)表示“最后一個(gè)做某事的人”,如在搶險(xiǎn)斗爭(zhēng)中最后一個(gè)撤離現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人:Hewasthelastpersontoleavethesinkingship.到底表示“最不愿意做某事的人”還是表示“最后一個(gè)做某事的人”,這要根據(jù)上下文的意思來(lái)判定。notlikely雖符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),但不符合上下文的邏輯意思。句意:他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人,他絕對(duì)不可能做這種不誠(chéng)實(shí)的事。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Definitionsof“culture”aremultiple,broad,andnotablyambiguous.Whilethereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculture,theclassicdefinitionbyE.B.Tylorin1871iswidelycited:“culture...isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic,comprisedofthesharedsolutionstoproblemsfacedbythegroup.Thesesolutionsincludetechnologies,beliefs,andbehaviors.
Culturedoesnotdeterminebehavior,butaffordsgroupmembersarepertoireofideasandpossibleactions,providingtheframeworkthroughwhichtheyunderstandthemselves,theirenvironment,andtheirexperiences.Cultureisacomplexsetofrelationships,responses,andinterpretationsthatmustbeunderstood,notasabodyofdiscretetraits,butasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.Cultureiseverchangingandalwaysbeingrevisedwithinthedynamiccontextofitsenactment.
Cultureisneitherablueprintnoranidentity;individualschoosebetweenvariousculturaloptions,andinourmulticulturalsociety,manytimeschoosewidelybetweentheoptionsofferedbyavarietyofculturaltraditions.Itisnotpossibletopredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividualsbasedontheirrace,ethnicity,ornationalorigin.Individuals’groupmembershipcannotbeassumedtoindicatetheirculturebecausethosewhoshareagrouplabelmayvariouslyenactculture.
Initszealtoencouragerespectforculturaldifferences,theculturalcompetencymovementhassometimeslostsightoftheseimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture.Insteadithastoooftenrepresentedcultureasadecontextualizedsetoftraitsprovidingatemplatefortheperceptionsandbehaviorsofgroupmembers.Aburgeoningliteratureonculturaldiversitypresentsthereaderwithveritablelaundrylistsoftraditionalbeliefsandpracticesostensiblycharacteristicofparticularethnicgroups.Thisapproachencouragesthequestionablenotionthatimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminoritiesareparticularlydrivenbytraditionalism.Theemphasisinthisgenreisondifference,pittingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefsthatremainunnamedandunexplored.
Themisconception,commoninclinicalsettings,thatculturecanbeunderstoodasasetofdiscretetraits,hasledsomemistakenlytotreatcultureasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.Insuchapplications,specificethnicculturesarerepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulatedtofacilitateclinicalgoals.
Paradoxically,insuchapproaches,whatoriginatedinadesiretopromoterespectforindividualdifferencesmayinsteadpromotestereotypingandessentializing.Thisprocessofreifyingpresumeddifferencemayhavetheunintendedconsequenceofbolsteringasenseofgroupboundaries.Itmayalsoreinforcethebeliefthatculturecanbediagnosedandtreated,thatexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsofmembersofalreadydisempoweredsubgroupsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.
1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?
2.Cultureisnotanidentitybecauseculture().
3.Emphasizingculturaldifferencestoomuchwould().
4.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewpoint?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Definitionsofcultureareusuallydifficult,variedandambiguous.
B.Thereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculturesofar.
C.Thereisnocommongroundindifferentdefinitionsofculture.
D.Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.doesdeterminebehavior
B.doesnotprovidepossibleactions
C.canpredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividuals
D.isoptionalandeverchangingwithinthedynamiccontext
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.helpgraspthemostimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture
B.treatcultureasacontextualizedsetoftraits
C.respectthetraditionsofimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminorities
D.leadtoregardingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefs
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Culturecanbeunderstoodnotasasetofdiscretetraitsbutasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.
B.Culturecanbetreatedasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.
C.Culturecanberepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulated.
D.Culturecanbediagnosedandtreatedandtheexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:A
【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?1.根據(jù)這篇文章,哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的?
A.Definitionsofcultureareusuallydifficult,variedandambiguous.A.對(duì)文化的定義通常是困難的、多樣的和模棱兩可的。
B.Thereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculturesofar.B.到目前為止,對(duì)文化還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的定義。
C.Thereisnocommongroundindifferentdefinitionsofculture.C.文化的不同定義是沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn)的。
D.Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic.D.大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)文化是復(fù)雜和動(dòng)態(tài)的。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第三句“大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)……(Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethat...)”,可知,大多數(shù)文化的定義是有共同點(diǎn)的,C項(xiàng)“文化的不同定義是沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn)的”與原文相反。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“對(duì)文化的定義通常是困難的、多樣的和模棱兩可的”,原文第一段第一句提到“文化的定義是多種多樣的、廣泛的,而且明顯含糊不清的”,可知該項(xiàng)正確,屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“到目前為止,對(duì)文化還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的定義”,原文第一段第二句提到“雖然對(duì)文化沒(méi)有公認(rèn)的定義……”,可知該項(xiàng)正確,屬于反向干擾;
D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)文化是復(fù)雜和動(dòng)態(tài)的”,原文第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)文化是復(fù)雜的、動(dòng)態(tài)的……”,可知該項(xiàng)正確,屬于反向干擾。
第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
2.Cultureisnotanidentitybecauseculture______.2.文化不是一種身份因?yàn)槲幕痏_____。
A.doesdeterminebehaviorA.決定行為
B.doesnotprovidepossibleactionsB.不提供可能的行動(dòng)
C.canpredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividualsC.能預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)人的信念和行為
D.isoptionalandeverchangingwithinthedynamiccontextD.是可選的并且在動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境中不斷變化
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“文化是不斷變化的,而且在不斷變化的實(shí)施環(huán)境中修訂”,可知文化不是一種身份是因?yàn)樗粩嘧兓?,且在?dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境中不斷改變,D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“決定行為”,原文第二段第一句提到“文化并不決定行為,但為群體成員提供了一系列想法和可能的行動(dòng)……”,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“不提供可能的行動(dòng)”,原文第二段第一句提到“文化并不決定行為,但為群體成員提供了一系列想法和可能的行動(dòng)……”,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;
C項(xiàng)“能預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)人的信念和行為”,原文第三段第二句提到“根據(jù)個(gè)人的種族、民族或國(guó)籍來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)他們的信仰和行為是不可能的”,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。
第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
3.Emphasizingculturaldifferencestoomuchwould______.3.過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)文化差異會(huì)______。
A.helpgraspthemostimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofcultureA.幫助掌握文化概念的最重要特征
B.treatcultureasacontextualizedsetoftraitsB.將文化視為一組背景化的特征
C.respectthetraditionsofimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminoritiesC.尊重移民和某些少數(shù)民族的傳統(tǒng)
D.leadtoregardingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefsD.導(dǎo)致將異域的和深?yuàn)W的與主流或傳統(tǒng)信仰對(duì)立起來(lái)
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段最后一句“這一流派的重點(diǎn)在于差異,將外來(lái)的深?yuàn)W的東西與主流的或傳統(tǒng)的信仰對(duì)立起來(lái),而這些信仰仍然是無(wú)名的和未被探索的”,可知過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)文化差異會(huì)導(dǎo)致外來(lái)的深?yuàn)W的東西與主流的或傳統(tǒng)的信仰對(duì)立起來(lái),D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“幫助掌握文化概念的最重要特征”,根據(jù)第四段第一句“在積極鼓勵(lì)尊重文化差異的過(guò)程中,文化能力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)忽視了文化概念的這些重要特征”,可知該項(xiàng)與原文相反,反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“將文化視為一組背景化的特征”,根據(jù)第四段第二句“文化素質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)將文化視為脫離語(yǔ)境的一系列特征”,可知該項(xiàng)與原文不符合,曲解原文;
C項(xiàng)“尊重移民和某些少數(shù)民族的傳統(tǒng)”在原文并未提及,無(wú)中生有。
第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
4.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewpoint?4.以下哪項(xiàng)是作者的觀點(diǎn)?
A.Culturecanbeunderstoodnotasasetofdiscretetraitsbutasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.A.文化不能被理解為一組離散的特征,而是在特定的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下產(chǎn)生的方向和實(shí)踐的綜合系統(tǒng)。
B.Culturecanbetreatedasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.B.文化可以作為一個(gè)解釋變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制。
C.Culturecanberepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulated.C.文化可以表現(xiàn)為一種可識(shí)別、可修改或可操縱的特征的編纂體。
D.Culturecanbediagnosedandtreatedandtheexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.D.文化可以被診斷和治療,外來(lái)的或不熟悉的信仰和行為應(yīng)該被控制和調(diào)整,以符合占主導(dǎo)地位群體的規(guī)范。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“文化是一組復(fù)雜的關(guān)系、反應(yīng)和解讀,它必須被理解,不是作為一系列互不關(guān)聯(lián)的特征,而是作為一個(gè)在特定社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的具有導(dǎo)向性和實(shí)踐性的綜合系統(tǒng)”,可知,文化是在特定的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的具有導(dǎo)向性和實(shí)踐性的綜合系統(tǒng),要被理解為是一組復(fù)雜的關(guān)系反應(yīng)和解讀,A項(xiàng)“文化不能被理解為一組離散的特征,而是在特定的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下產(chǎn)生的方向和實(shí)踐的綜合系統(tǒng)”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B項(xiàng)“文化可以作為一個(gè)解釋變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制”,第五段第一句提到“在臨床環(huán)境中常見(jiàn)的誤解是,文化可以被理解為一組離散的特征,這導(dǎo)致一些人錯(cuò)誤地將文化視為一個(gè)解釋性變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制”,從中可知,認(rèn)為文化可以作為一個(gè)解釋變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制是錯(cuò)誤的,該項(xiàng)反向干擾;
C項(xiàng)“文化可以表現(xiàn)為一種可識(shí)別、可修改或可操縱的特征的編纂體”是原文第五段的內(nèi)容,也屬于誤解,而不是作者的觀點(diǎn),該項(xiàng)反向干擾;
D項(xiàng)“文化可以被診斷和治療,外來(lái)的或不熟悉的信仰和行為應(yīng)該被控制和調(diào)整,以符合占主導(dǎo)地位群體的規(guī)范”在第六段有提到,而第六段開(kāi)頭提到一個(gè)Paradoxically(矛盾地),說(shuō)明作者不支持這樣的做法,該項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾。
11.單選題
Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,MissKingiscertainlyonthe______ofabrilliantcareer.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.threshold
B.edge
C.porch
D.course
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)threshold“入口;門檻;開(kāi)始;極限;臨界值”;B選項(xiàng)edge“邊緣;優(yōu)勢(shì);刀刃;鋒利”;C選項(xiàng)porch“門廊;走廊”;D選項(xiàng)course“科目;課程;過(guò)程;進(jìn)程;道路;路線,航向;一道菜”。onthethresholdof...“處于……的開(kāi)端”;ontheedgeof...“處于……的邊緣”;inthecourseof...“在……的進(jìn)程中”。句意:作為大學(xué)里最年輕的教授之一,金女士無(wú)疑正處于她輝煌事業(yè)的開(kāi)端。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir()destinationisRome.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ultimate
B.prime
C.next
D.cardinal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ultimate“最終的”;prime“主要的,最好的”;next“接下來(lái)的”;cardinal“主要的,基本的;深紅色的”。句意:他們打算去倫敦,但是他們最終的目的地是羅馬。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
13.單選題
Whilethedoctoranalyzedthepatient’scondition,hisfamilywaitedoutsideinconsiderable(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tension
B.anticipation
C.eagerness
D.anxiety
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。tension意為“拉緊,(精神、局勢(shì)等)緊張。”;anticipation意為“期待,希望”;eagerness意為“渴望,熱心,熱切”;anxiety意為“焦慮,掛慮,憂慮”。
句意:醫(yī)生分析病人的病情時(shí),他的家人在外面相當(dāng)焦急地等待著。
14.單選題
Manymanufacturerswereaccusedofconcentratingtooheavilyoncostreduction,oftenatthe______ofthequalityoftheirproducts.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.expense
B.exposure
C.expansion
D.expectation
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof“以……為代價(jià)”。句意:很多生產(chǎn)商被指控過(guò)于集中在降低成本,而以產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量為代價(jià)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
15.單選題
His______haschangedbuthehaskeptthefinequalitiesofascientificresearcher.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.state
B.status
C.station
D.statue
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)state“情形,狀態(tài)”;B選項(xiàng)status“社會(huì)地位;(進(jìn)展的)狀況,情形”;C選項(xiàng)station“(舊時(shí))(正式)社會(huì)地位;站,所”;D選項(xiàng)statue“雕像”。句意:他的______改變了,但仍保持著科研人員的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,這里指他的外在的社會(huì)地位變了,但內(nèi)在品質(zhì)沒(méi)有改變,加上這是非常生活化的一句話,可知B選項(xiàng)status“社會(huì)地位”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,()?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.didn’tit
B.doesn’tthere
C.usedn’tit
D.didn’tthere
【答案】D
【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。句意:過(guò)去在公園附近有個(gè)加油站,是嗎?usedto意為“過(guò)去常?!保?dāng)陳述句謂語(yǔ)部分含有usedto時(shí),反義疑問(wèn)句常由usedn’t或didn’t構(gòu)成,如果陳述句是Thereusedtobe…句型,反義疑問(wèn)句由usedn’t/didn’tthere構(gòu)成,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Theenterpriseintroducedanincentivebonusforhighproductivity.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.motive
B.initiative
C.encouragement
D.entertainment
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句意:企業(yè)為了提高生產(chǎn)力引進(jìn)了……獎(jiǎng)金。incentive意為“刺激,激勵(lì)的”。A選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī),目的”;B選項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)權(quán),首創(chuàng)精神”;C選項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)”;D選項(xiàng)entertainment“娛樂(lè),消遣,款待”。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。
18.翻譯題
Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesofthetechnologiesforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitstohumanbeingsandhenceinconvenience,andconstraintsonitsgrowth.The1970’s,then,representedaturningpoint.Energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobebelievablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsonaparwiththoseofinsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.
Thecrucialquestionatthebeginningofthe1990'siswhetherthetrendthatbeganinthe1970’swillprovetobetemporaryorpermanent.Istheeraofcheapenergyreallyover,orwillacombinationofnewresources,newtechnologyandchanginggeopoliticsbringitback?Onekeydeterminantoftheansweristhestaggeringscaleofenergydemandbroughtforthby100yearsofpopulationgrowthandindustrialdemand.
ExceptforthehugepoolofoilunderlyingtheMiddleEast,thecheapestoilandgasarealreadygone.Evenifafewmoregiantoilfieldsarediscovered,theywillmakelittledifferenceagainstconsumptionontoday’sscale.Oilandgaswillhavetocomeincreasingly,formostcountries,fromdeeperintheearthandfromimportswhosereliabilityandaffordabilitycannotbeguaranteed.
【答案】在人類歷史發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)河中,人們主要關(guān)心的是能源有利的一面。能源資源不足,或者為開(kāi)采、加工和分配這些資源所需技術(shù)的不足,會(huì)影響能源為人類帶來(lái)的利益,同時(shí)意味著能源的增長(zhǎng)遭到干擾和限制。到了20世紀(jì)70年代,出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),能源多方成本所帶來(lái)的威脅已同能源供應(yīng)不足所產(chǎn)生的威脅不相上下。同時(shí),也有人擔(dān)心,依靠擴(kuò)大能源資源增加供應(yīng)所需付出的代價(jià),也許大于其所帶來(lái)的利益。
20世紀(jì)90年代初期人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)在于,這種始于70年代的能源發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是暫時(shí)的還是長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的。廉價(jià)能源時(shí)代真的一去不返,還是通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)新能源、應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、改革地緣政治秩序等措施,有可能重登歷史舞臺(tái)?這個(gè)問(wèn)題的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是過(guò)去100年以來(lái)因人口空前增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)巨大的能源需求以及工業(yè)需求。
除了中東地區(qū)蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的石油資源以外,地球上廉價(jià)的油氣資源已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在。即使偶爾找到幾個(gè)大油田,同當(dāng)今巨大的能源消耗相比,也是杯水車薪。對(duì)于大多數(shù)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō),資源越來(lái)越多地依賴于深層埋藏,越來(lái)越多地依賴進(jìn)口,且不說(shuō)進(jìn)口油氣資源的可靠性無(wú)法得到保障,其對(duì)于進(jìn)口國(guó)的購(gòu)買力也是一個(gè)考驗(yàn)。
19.單選題
Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.
Wecansafelysay,withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.
Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.
Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved?Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.
Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.
1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat()
2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareer
because()
3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas()
4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat()
5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes
B.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous
C.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture
D.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion
B.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears
C.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging
D.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.preferable
B.prevalent
C.presumable
D.precedent
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.femalepassivityisnatural
B.menandwomenarephysicallyidentical
C.menareborncompetitiveandaggressive
D.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.
B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.
C.Financialincentives.
D.Desireforasociallife.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“inrecentyearsthatwehaverecognized”定位至第一段:Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions(但直到最近,我們才意識(shí)到,每一種性別的身份并不容易被確定下來(lái),而且定義是根據(jù)我們所知的不同類型的文化,即科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和意識(shí)形態(tài)革命而演變的)。因此,D項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第一段:Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”(在接近21世紀(jì)初的時(shí)候,生物學(xué)和遺傳學(xué)取得的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展正在從根本上挑戰(zhàn)每一性別所扮演的角色、責(zé)任和特定特征,然而,就在20年前,這些被認(rèn)為是“無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的”)。因此,C項(xiàng)(關(guān)于婦女角色的觀念一直在改變)正確。
3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“sexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960s”定位至第二段:...lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome,因此這種性別差異一直以來(lái)都存在。Preferable略勝一籌的;prevalent普遍存在的;presumable可推測(cè)的;precedent在先的。因此,B項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第四段,作者認(rèn)為性別分工及性格形成并不是自然而然的事情。因此,D項(xiàng)(一些性別身份的不同是后天獲得的)正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至最后一段:Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence(對(duì)于所有女性來(lái)說(shuō),工作是想要獨(dú)立)。因此,A項(xiàng)(希望獲得權(quán)力和自由)概括全面。
20.單選題
Hearsayevidenceconsistsofstatementsmadeoutofcourtbysomeonewhoisnotpresenttotestifyunderoathatatrial.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.mistrust
B.dispute
C.scrutiny
D.pledge
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。oath表示“誓言,誓約,詛咒”;A項(xiàng)mistrust“不信任,懷疑”,B項(xiàng)dispute“辯論,爭(zhēng)吵,意見(jiàn)不同”,C項(xiàng)scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查,監(jiān)視,細(xì)看”,D項(xiàng)pledge“保證,誓言,抵押”。句意:非直接證據(jù)指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作證時(shí)所作的證詞。因此,根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。
21.單選題
ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof(
),theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.incongruity
B.disagreement
C.discrepancy
D.disharmony
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incongruity“不協(xié)調(diào);不適宜”;B選項(xiàng)disagreement“不一致;爭(zhēng)論”;C選項(xiàng)discrepancy“不符;矛盾”;D選項(xiàng)disharmony“不一致;不融洽”。句意:本英文文件由中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院法制局編譯,中國(guó)法制出版社出版。當(dāng)發(fā)生……時(shí),以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。此處應(yīng)指正式場(chǎng)合出現(xiàn)歧義時(shí),以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
22.單選題
Theboxer(
)andalmostfellwhenhisopponenthithim.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.staggered
B.shattered
C.scattered
D.stamped
【答案】A
【解析】句意:當(dāng)被對(duì)手打中的時(shí)候,拳擊手搖搖晃晃,差點(diǎn)摔倒了。
動(dòng)詞辨析。stagger搖搖晃晃地走,蹣跚;shatter(使)破碎,碎裂;scatter散開(kāi),驅(qū)散;stamp跺(腳),重踩。故A符合句意。
23.單選題
Stop______alloverJulianna;foronce,lethermakeherownbreakfastandprepareherowncupofmorningcoffee.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.fawning
B.calculating
C.flattering
D.praising
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)fawn“討好”,B項(xiàng)calculate“計(jì)算,預(yù)測(cè)”,C項(xiàng)flatter“奉承,諂媚”,D項(xiàng)praise“贊揚(yáng),(尤指唱歌)歌頌(上帝)”。由后面的句子意思“讓她自己做早餐,自己準(zhǔn)備一杯早餐咖啡”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可推測(cè),Stop______alloverJulianna表示“不要對(duì)朱莉安娜獻(xiàn)殷勤”,B、D選項(xiàng)排除;C選項(xiàng)一般后面直接跟人,即flattersb.;只有A項(xiàng)可以表示fawnon/oversb.(奉承、討好)。句意:不要對(duì)朱莉安娜獻(xiàn)殷勤,這一次,讓她自己做早餐,自己準(zhǔn)備一杯早餐咖啡。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
24.單選題
Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.Asimpleexampleofacauseisthemovementofapaddleasitstrikesaping-pongball;theeffectisthemovementoftheballthroughtheair.Inpsychologyandothersciences,theword“cause”isoftenreplacedbytheterm“independentvariable”.Thistermimpliesthattheexperimenterisoften“free”tovarytheindependentvariableasheorshedesires(forexample,theexperimentercancontrolthespeedofthepaddleasitstrikestheball).Theterm“dependentvariable”replacestheword“effect”,andthistermisusedbecausetheeffectdependsonsomecharacteristicoftheindependentvariable(theflightoftheballdependsonthespeedofthepaddle).Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.Inthecaseofbiorhythmtheory,theindependentvariableisthenumberofdaysthathaveelapsedbetweenaperson’sdateofbirthandsometestday.Thedependentvariableistheperson’slevelofperformanceonsomespecifiedtaskonthetestday.Noticethatalthoughtheexperimenterisnotfreetochooseabirthdayforagivenindividual,personswithdifferentdatesofbirthcanbetestedonthesameday,orasinglesubjectcanbetestedonseveraldifferentdays.
Inordertopredicttherelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables,manyscientifictheoriesmakeuseofwhatarecalledinterveningvariables.Interveningvariablesarepurelytheoreticalconceptsthatcannotbeobserveddirectly.Topredicttheflightofaping-pongball,Newtonianphysicsreliesonanumberofinterveningvariables;includingforce,mass,airresistance,andgravity.Youcanprobablyanticipatethattheinterveningvariablesofbiorhythmtheoryarethethreebodilycycleswiththeirspecifiedtimeperiods.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatnotallpsychologicaltheoriesincludeinterveningvariables,andsomepsychologistsobjecttotheirusepreciselybecausetheyarenotdirectlyobservable.
Thefinalmajorcomponentofa
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