考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

His（）inEnglish,FrenchandItalianmadehimaprominentinterpreterinthecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Proficiency

B.diversion

C.immersion

D.involvement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。proficiency精通，熟練；diversion轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣；immersion沉浸，浸入；involvement參與，牽連。由后半句的prominentinterpreter著名的翻譯家可知他對(duì)這三種語(yǔ)言很熟練。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ConflicthadexistedbetweenSpainandEnglandsincethe1570s.EnglandwantedashareofthewealththatSpainhadbeentakingfromthelandsithadclaimedintheAmericas.ElizabethⅡ,QueenofEngland,encouragedherstaunchadmiralofthenavy,SirFrancisDrake,toraidSpanishshipsandtowns.Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.Religiousdifferencesalsocausedconflictbetweenthetwocountries.WhereasSpainwasRomanCatholic,mostofEnglandhadbecomeProtestant.KingPhilipⅡofSpainwantedtoclaimthethroneandmakeEnglandaCatholiccountryagain.

TosatisfyhisambitionandalsotoretaliateagainstEngland’stheftofhisgoldandsilver,KingPhilipbegantobuildhisfleetofwarships,theSpanishArmada,inJanuary1586.Philipintendedhisfleettobeindestructible.Inadditiontobuildingnewwarships,hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.

ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.ThevoyageresumedonJuly22aftertheweatherbecamemorestable.TheSpanishfeetmetthesmaller,faster,andmoremaneuverable.EnglishshipsinbattleoffthecoastofPlymouth,England,firstonJuly31andagainonAugust2.ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.OnAugust7,whiletheArmadalayatanchorontheFrenchsideoftheStraitofDover,EnglandsenteightburningshipsintothemidstoftheSpanishfleettosetitonfire.Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.BeforetheArmadacouldregroup,theEnglishattackedagainonAugust8.

AlthoughtheSpaniardsmadeavaliantefforttofightback,thefleetsufferedextensivedamage.Duringtheeighthoursofbattle,theArmadadriftedperilouslyclosetotherockycoastline.AtthemomentwhenitseemedthattheSpanishshipswouldbedrivenontotheEnglishshore,thewindshifted,andtheArmadadriftedoutintotheNorthSea.TheSpaniardsrecognizedthesuperiorityoftheEnglishfleetandreturnedhome,defeated.

1.SirFrancisDrakeaddedwealthtothetreasuryanddiminishedSpain’s________.

2.KingPhiliprecruitedmany________soldiersandsailors.

3.The________ArmadasetsailonMay9,1588.

4.ThetwobattleslefttheSpanishfleet________.

5.TheArmadawas________ononeside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unlimitedpower

B.unrestrictedgrowth

C.territory

D.treaties

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.warlike

B.strong

C.accomplished

D.timid

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.warlike

C.independent

D.isolated

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.opentochange

B.triumphant

C.opentoattack

D.defeated

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.closedoff

B.damaged

C.alone

D.circled

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第四句Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.（雖然這些突襲的規(guī)模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，為英格蘭國(guó)庫(kù)增加了黃金和白銀，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思為“至高無(wú)上；最大權(quán)力；最高地位”，所以A選項(xiàng)“無(wú)限力量”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)限制的增長(zhǎng)”，C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)土”和D選項(xiàng)“條約”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.（他指揮了130艘各類(lèi)帆船，招募了19,000多名強(qiáng)壯的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思為“強(qiáng)壯的；強(qiáng)勁的”，在這里B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)壯的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“好戰(zhàn)的；軍事的”，C選項(xiàng)“技藝高超的”和D選項(xiàng)“膽小的”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.（盡管他的一些船只缺少槍支和彈藥，但菲利普?qǐng)?jiān)信他的無(wú)敵艦隊(duì)可以抵抗任何與英國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。），可知這支艦隊(duì)是用于軍事的，所以B選項(xiàng)“軍事的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“完整的”，C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立的”和D選項(xiàng)“孤立的”：根據(jù)第三段第一句ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.（1588年5月9日，“無(wú)敵艦隊(duì)”從葡萄牙里斯本起航，但惡劣的天氣迫使它返回港口。），這里沒(méi)有提到是否是整支艦隊(duì)參與行動(dòng)，并且這些參與行動(dòng)的船只一起行動(dòng)，并沒(méi)有獨(dú)立和孤立，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第四句ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.（這兩場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役使西班牙變得脆弱不堪，損失了幾艘戰(zhàn)艦，也耗盡了彈藥。），vulnerable意思為“易受攻擊的”，所以C選項(xiàng)“易受攻擊”正確，A選項(xiàng)“接受改變”，B選項(xiàng)“大獲全勝”和D選項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)敗”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一邊，船員們只能在恐慌和混亂中漂流。），Blocked意思為“封鎖”，所以A選項(xiàng)“封鎖”正確。B選項(xiàng)“破壞”，C選項(xiàng)“單獨(dú)的”和D選項(xiàng)“包圍的”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe（

）tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。contemplate“沉思，注視”；deem“認(rèn)為，視作”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；anticipate“預(yù)期，期望”；句意：到本月底還沒(méi)有交納注冊(cè)費(fèi)的人將被視為已取消該課程。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

4.單選題

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis（

）ideaaboutthetrip.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.twilight

C.unanimous

D.weird

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:沒(méi)有人知道他是怎么想出這么一個(gè)旅行點(diǎn)子。

weary:疲倦的，使人厭煩的。twilight:虛幻的，暮年的。unanimous:意見(jiàn)一致的。weird:怪異的，不可思議的。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項(xiàng)trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動(dòng)亂”；C選項(xiàng)pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項(xiàng)storm“暴風(fēng)雨，大動(dòng)蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來(lái)陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Scientificresearchresultscannowbequickly（）tofactoryproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.used

B.applied

C.employed

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。beusedto表示“被用來(lái)；習(xí)慣于”，beappliedto表示“被運(yùn)用于，應(yīng)用于”，beemployedto表示“被使用于；被雇傭于”，practice通常與put構(gòu)成搭配“putsth.topractice”表示“把……付諸于實(shí)踐”。由句意可知，如今科研成果是被應(yīng)用于工廠生產(chǎn)。因此，只有B項(xiàng)符合原句含義和搭配，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

7.寫(xiě)作題

SomeuniversitiesandcollegesinChinarequiretheirPhDstudentstopublishresearchpapersinEnglish.Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordsaboutyouropiniononthisrequirements.

【答案】PublishingPapersinEnglishBenefitStudents8.單選題

A_____lifestyleisonethatisgoingnowherefast:nonewemployment,nonewloveinterest,novolunteerwork,andnonewlife-changingcommitments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soporific

B.lethargic

C.stagnant

D.lassitude

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“催眠的”，B項(xiàng)“慵懶的；沒(méi)精打采的”，C項(xiàng)“停滯的；不發(fā)展的”，D項(xiàng)“倦??；疲乏”。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容：沒(méi)有新的工作，沒(méi)有新的愛(ài)好，沒(méi)有志愿工作，沒(méi)有新的改變生活的承諾，可知是一種停滯的生活方式。本句句意：停滯不前的生活方式是一種沒(méi)有任何進(jìn)展的生活方式：沒(méi)有新的工作，沒(méi)有新的愛(ài)情興趣，沒(méi)有志愿工作，沒(méi)有新的改變生活的承諾。所以選C項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。layout“展示，安排”；layoff“解雇”；laydown“放下，制定”；layaside“擱置；儲(chǔ)蓄”。句意：美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始有壓力。提煉廠工人和石油設(shè)備員工都被解雇了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare____astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.incredulous

C.credulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.credible可信的B.incredulous懷疑的

C.credulous輕信的D.incredible不能相信的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】空格處所填詞修飾的是政客們，表示的是政客們的特點(diǎn)；后文有一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)此進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)渚湟鉃椤八麄儙缀醪徽f(shuō)真話”。根據(jù)原句邏輯，因?yàn)檎蛡兒苌僬f(shuō)真話，所以他們不能讓人相信，D選項(xiàng)incredible“不能相信的”，形容的人是“相信”的對(duì)象，最符合原句語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)credible“可信的”，與原句語(yǔ)義邏輯相反；

B選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的”，側(cè)重于指一個(gè)人不輕易相信某人或某事；

C選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的”，側(cè)重于指一個(gè)人輕易地相信某人或某事。

【句意】在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是不能相信的，因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僬f(shuō)真話。

11.單選題

Thesmelloffood（）thehungrychildrenintothehouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.entertained

B.enticed

C.exterminated

D.expelled

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。entertained娛樂(lè)，款待；enticed吸引，誘使；exterminated消滅，根除；expelled驅(qū)逐，開(kāi)除。句意：饑餓的孩子們被食物的香味吸引進(jìn)屋。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Johnsaidthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.scope（做或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某事的）機(jī)會(huì)，能力；（題目、組織、活動(dòng)等的）范圍B.space（可利用的）空地，空間

C.capacity容量；容積；容納能力D.range（變動(dòng)或浮動(dòng)的）范圍，界限

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞organizingability（組織能力）可知，enough______指的是“（發(fā)揮組織能力的）足夠空間”，而scope是指實(shí)現(xiàn)某事或者做某事的機(jī)會(huì)或能力，符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)牛津釋義是anamountofanareaorofaplacethatisemptyorthatisavailableforuse（空的或可供使用的區(qū)域或地方），不符合句意；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】約翰說(shuō)他目前的工作不能為他的組織能力提供足夠的施展空間。

13.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（

）

patriotism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“but”可知前后表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該相反，由此可推斷填空處應(yīng)該與“goodwill”意思相反，選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

Thisyoungman,（）withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessed

B.negotiated

C.compromised

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。obsessedwith沉迷于；negotiatedwith與…協(xié)商；compromisedwith向（某人）妥協(xié)；providedwith給…提供。句意：這個(gè)年輕人貪圖物質(zhì)上的滿足，只關(guān)心錢(qián)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutivesareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.optional可選擇的B.qualified有資格的

C.desirable值得擁有的D.casual隨意的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”，原文areeligiblefor詞義為“有資格的”，B選項(xiàng)qualified通常與介詞for連用，AbequalifiedforB（A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力），與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”，不符合語(yǔ)境；

C選項(xiàng)desirable“值得擁有的”，通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”，在這句話中應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsomeonetodosomething（做某事是值得的。）

D選項(xiàng)casual“隨意的”，不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金，最高可達(dá)基本工資的45%。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”，依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。

勞教制度廢止后，未觸犯刑法的違法者，將由社區(qū)采取措施進(jìn)行矯正。

醉酒駕駛機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)的行為，要追究法律責(zé)任。

中國(guó)漁政船頻繁開(kāi)赴釣魚(yú)島，維護(hù)國(guó)家的合法權(quán)益。

打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，保護(hù)人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。

依法行政是實(shí)現(xiàn)“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”的根本性制度保障。

【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.

Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.

Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.

ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.

Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.

Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".

17.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Chinaisacountrywithapopulationofmorethan1.3billionpeople.Withthatmanypeopleinonecountry,disciplineisamajorsocietalfocus,andthiscarriesoverintoparenting.ThemostcommonparentingstyleinChinaisreferredtoasauthoritarianparenting,whichischaracterizedbychildrenwhoaresubmissivetotheirparentswithoutquestionandtrusttheirparentstoleadthemintherightdirection,andemphasizeshighstandardsandatendencytocontrolkids.Thisisdistinguishedfromauthoritativeparenting,whichalsoemphasizeshighstandards,butisaccompaniedbyhighlevelsofparentalwarmthandacommitmenttoreasonwithchildren.Whencomparedwithauthoritativeparenting,authoritarianparentingislinkedwithlowerlevelsofself-control,moreemotionalproblems,andloweracademicperformance.

Thereismuchdebateastowhetherauthoritarianparentingisharmfultoachild'sdevelopment.Accordingtosomeresearchers,Chineseparentsarelesslikelytofacethechoicebetweenscholasticsuccessandsocialsuccess.SomeeducatorsinChinahaveexpressedconcernthattraditionalChineseparentingdoesnotfastercreativityordivergentthinking.Butinanycase,therearegoodthingsabouttraditionalChineseparenting——andChineseculture:Chineseparentsaremorelikelytoemphasizeeffortoverinnatetalentandbelievethateffort,notinnateintelligence,isthekeytoachievement.

Isthecontroversyjustified?WhatdoyouthinkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftraditionalChineseparenting?Writeacompositionofabout250wordsexpressingyourownopinions.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

【答案】略

18.填空題

A:Howlonghaveyouandyourteambeen（1）onthatfinalreport?

B:（2）aweekandahalfnow.Thedeadlineforsubmissionistomorrowat5o’clock.Ifwedon’tgetitdone（3）then,we’llreallybeinhotwater!Ihaven’tsleptawink（4）thedaybeforeyesterday.

A:No（5）youlooksotiredthen!IstherethatIcandotohelp?

B:Idon’tthinkso,butthanksforoffering.

A:Well,I（6）youluck!

【答案】working;For;by;since;wonder;anything;wish

【解析】句意:

——你和你的團(tuán)隊(duì)在完成最后那一篇報(bào)告上花了多久時(shí)間？

——到現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)半星期了。上交的截止日期是明天五點(diǎn)。如果我們?cè)谀菚r(shí)間

點(diǎn)還沒(méi)完成的話，我們就會(huì)有麻煩了。從前天開(kāi)始我就沒(méi)合過(guò)眼了。

——難怪你看起來(lái)很疲憊。我可以幫你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？

——我認(rèn)為不用。但是謝謝你的好意。

——好，祝你好運(yùn)！

1.固定搭配。workon致力于，繼續(xù)工作，因?yàn)楹竺媸莊inalreport，說(shuō)明之前還做了其它工作，因此這里應(yīng)該是取“繼續(xù)工作”之意。

2.語(yǔ)義題。此處的aweekandahalf是一個(gè)時(shí)間段,因此用for。

3.語(yǔ)義題。此處表示“截至”那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)會(huì)有什么樣的后果,因此填by。

4.固定搭配。nowonder難怪。

5.常用語(yǔ)?！盜sthereanythingIcandotohelp?(有什么可以幫到你嗎)”是常用的交際用語(yǔ)。

6.常用語(yǔ)。Iwishyouluck祝你好運(yùn)。

19.單選題

Johnwouldhavepaid（）forthejackethadthesalesmaninsistedbecausehereallyloveditscolorandstyle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasmuch

B.twotimesmore

C.muchastwice

D.asmuchtwice

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as,

這里實(shí)際上省略了第二個(gè)as及其后面的內(nèi)容,

只有選項(xiàng)A為正確的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式。

20.單選題

Thereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted;（

）,interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaddition

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inshort

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inaddition此外B.incontrast與此相反

C.inturn依次；輪流；反過(guò)來(lái)D.inshort總之；簡(jiǎn)而言之

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】當(dāng)老年人的活動(dòng)受到限制時(shí)，他們的健康會(huì)受到不良影響；……擴(kuò)大他們活動(dòng)范圍的干預(yù)措施可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。由本句前后句句意可知，前后所表達(dá)意思相反，所以此處應(yīng)填入B選項(xiàng)“與此相反”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)inaddition表此外的意思，而這里前后兩部分表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)無(wú)法表示轉(zhuǎn)折；

C選項(xiàng)inturn依次；輪流；反過(guò)來(lái)，當(dāng)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示“反過(guò)來(lái)”時(shí)，多指前后兩者相輔相成相互影響，該選項(xiàng)不表示相反的意思，和原文語(yǔ)境不符合；

D選項(xiàng)inshort總之；簡(jiǎn)而言之，不表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折含義。

【句意】當(dāng)老年人的活動(dòng)受到限制時(shí)，他們的健康會(huì)受到不良影響；相反，增加他們活動(dòng)范圍的干預(yù)可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。

21.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillthere,she（）bybus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)musthavegone表示肯定的猜測(cè)，“她一定是坐公交車(chē)去的”；B選項(xiàng)shouldhavegone和C選項(xiàng)oughttohavegone表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該，“她本應(yīng)該坐公交車(chē)去的”；D選項(xiàng)couldhavegone表示本來(lái)可以，“她本可以坐公交車(chē)去的”。句意：南希去上班了，但她的車(chē)還在那兒，她一定是坐公交車(chē)去的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Youareexpectedtoaskthe______candidatesatechnicalquestiontojudgetheirability.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.productive

C.perpetual

D.promising

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的，預(yù)期的”，B項(xiàng)productive“生產(chǎn)的”，C項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的，不斷的”，D項(xiàng)promising“有希望的，有前途的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ask（問(wèn)）和candidates（候選者）可推測(cè)，空格部分表示“未來(lái)的”，A項(xiàng)最符合。句意：你應(yīng)該問(wèn)未來(lái)的候選人一個(gè)技術(shù)問(wèn)題來(lái)判斷他們的能力。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality”.

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities—“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardwork—evenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion”.Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal’sPensees,whichconcludes:“Tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother.”P(pán)ascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities.Sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.

Walzer’sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism—namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapitalistsociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialtermsdisproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

16.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

17.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT________.

18.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

19.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer’sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits________.

20.Theauthorimpliesthatsensitivityisnotaqualitythat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arguethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer’sthinking

B.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessay“InDefenseofEquality”thedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer’spolitico-economictheories

C.demonstratethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisneitheroriginalnorpersuasive

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer’spositiononeconomicequality

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

B.properinterpretationof“economicequality”

C.properlevelofasociety’swealth

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism“thetyrannyofmoney”

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

B.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatdeficienciesinWalzer’sownargumentdoesWalzeracknowledge?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone’srewards

B.emphasisonequality

C.provenvalidity

D.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isessentialinproducingwealth

B.wealthypeoplelack

C.canbesensiblymeasuredonascale

D.characterizestyrannicalpeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】16.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.（沃爾澤批評(píng)自由資本主義的一個(gè)主要主題是，它不夠平等）和第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等，支持“激進(jìn)的財(cái)富再分配”），結(jié)合下文對(duì)這觀點(diǎn)的具體闡述，可知本文的目的是D選項(xiàng)“概述并批判性地審視沃爾澤在經(jīng)濟(jì)平等上的立場(chǎng)”。A選項(xiàng)：“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批判是他思想的基石”，文章的重點(diǎn)不在沃爾澤的理論基礎(chǔ)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“比《為平等辯護(hù)》這篇文章更清楚地呈現(xiàn)了沃爾澤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的鮮明特征”；C選項(xiàng)“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批評(píng)既非原創(chuàng)也不具說(shuō)服力”這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)人卓越品質(zhì)的適當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.（卓越的人應(yīng)該得到與其卓越相稱(chēng)的卓越利益。），可知A選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“正確解釋‘經(jīng)濟(jì)平等’”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等），可知B選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“稱(chēng)資本主義為‘金錢(qián)暴政’的理由”：根據(jù)第三段第四句Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney（據(jù)此，沃爾澤將資本主義描述為對(duì)于金錢(qián)的暴政。），可知D選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)財(cái)富的適當(dāng)水平”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoneyenablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.（然而，在資本主義制度下，賺錢(qián)的能力使其擁有者能夠獲得幾乎所有其他種類(lèi)的社會(huì)福利，比如他人的敬意和尊重。），可知沃爾澤認(rèn)為賺錢(qián)的能力在資本主義制度中被高估了，隨后在后文闡述具體的情況，所以B選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為在自由資本主義下什么品質(zhì)被高估了？”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為，在決定商品的合理分配時(shí)，像敏感性這樣的品質(zhì)與其他品質(zhì)相比應(yīng)該有多大的權(quán)重？”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)（如“努力工作的能力”）的人同等的財(cái)富，按帕斯卡爾的意思，這難道不是專(zhuān)制暴政嗎？），這里只是點(diǎn)出敏感的品質(zhì)不應(yīng)該和其他品質(zhì)獲得相同等的財(cái)富，沒(méi)有點(diǎn)出應(yīng)該占的比重，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)沃爾澤的觀點(diǎn)，哪些社會(huì)商品是金錢(qián)所不能觸及的？”：根據(jù)第三段第五句AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.（沃爾澤主張，要消除這種暴政，恢復(fù)真正的平等，就必須“在金錢(qián)的范圍之外廢除金錢(qián)的力量”。），這里講的是怎樣消除暴政，而不是金錢(qián)不能觸及哪些社會(huì)商品，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤承認(rèn)自己的論點(diǎn)有哪些不足之處？”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism（然則，沃爾澤的論點(diǎn)，無(wú)論它不充分到何種地步，確實(shí)指出了資本主義體制中最嚴(yán)重的一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)），這里講的是資本主義制度的弱點(diǎn)，而不是沃爾澤論點(diǎn)的不足之處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities…Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.（但人們表現(xiàn)出各種各樣的品質(zhì)……每一種都應(yīng)得到適當(dāng)?shù)幕貓?bào)，因此，物質(zhì)財(cái)富的合理分配應(yīng)反映出在這些不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的個(gè)人差異。），沃爾澤和其他人不一樣的地方在于對(duì)價(jià)值的定義更廣泛，所以D選項(xiàng)“什么是功績(jī)的廣義概念”正確。A選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持每個(gè)人的回報(bào)最大化”：文章只是提到合理的回報(bào)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)平等”：不是解釋價(jià)值的概念中強(qiáng)調(diào)的，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“證明有效性”：是普遍同意的觀點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical…toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualitiesessentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)的人同等的財(cái)富，這難道不是專(zhuān)制暴政嗎？），可知作者認(rèn)為其他品質(zhì)也能創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，所以A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的必要條件”正確。B選項(xiàng)“有錢(qián)人缺少的品質(zhì)”，C選項(xiàng)“可以用刻度明確地測(cè)量”和D選項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)橫之人的特點(diǎn)”沒(méi)有提到，不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)philosophy“哲學(xué)，哲理”；B選項(xiàng)manner“方式，習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)personality“個(gè)性，品格”；D選項(xiàng)idealism“唯心主義”。句意：經(jīng)歷了生活中的種種艱辛，他成為了一個(gè)著名的有著明顯個(gè)性的小丑。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

25.單選題

GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy”orothergreatbooks.

Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鳴)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredinthepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.

Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthatdeepreadingofbooksisadistinctiveexperience,verydifferentfromtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWeb.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothedeepreadingexperience.Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.

Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity,bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandevenincreasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.

Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeoplearecomingtoknowit.Theirreading,mostlydoneonscreen,ispragmaticandinstrumental.Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Insteadmoldingoureducationaroundyoungpeople’sattachmenttodigitaldevicesandonscreenhabits,weneedtoshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeento,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethemto.

1.Prof,GregoryCurriearguesthat（）.

2.ThestudiesofRaymondMarandKeithOatleyshowthat（）.

3.Deepreadingofpaperbookscomparedwithreadingontheweb（）.

4.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.literaturedoesn'tshowpeople’smoralorsocialstandards

B.onlygoodliteratureshowspeople’smoralandsocialvalues

C.readingfictionwon'timprovepeoplemorallyorsocially

D.onlyreadinggreatbooksbenefitspeoplemorallyandsocially

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.empatheticpeoplearemorelikelytoreadnovelsoften

B.empatheticpeoplehaveabetterperspectiveontheworld

C.readingfictionencouragespeopletobemorepersistent

D.readingfictionhelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.requiresreaderstodomorecarefulthinking

B.enablesreaderstostayabsorbedinthestory

C.givesreadersmanylinkstoothermaterials

D.allowsreaderstochoosetheirfuturereading

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.supportsuseofdigitaldevicesinclassroom

B.prefersreadingonscreentoreadingpaperbooks

C.takesapositiveapproachtoeducationreforms

D.holdsanegativeattitudetowardreadingonscreen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章首段，“recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy"orothergreatbooks.”最近在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上提出，我們不應(yīng)該聲稱(chēng)文學(xué)提高了我們作為人的水平，因?yàn)闆](méi)有“令人信服的證據(jù)表明，閱讀托爾斯泰或其他偉大著作的人在道德上或社會(huì)上更優(yōu)秀”。A選項(xiàng)“文學(xué)不能體現(xiàn)出人們的道德和社會(huì)水平”，B選項(xiàng)“只有好的文學(xué)可以體現(xiàn)人們的道德和社會(huì)水平”，C選項(xiàng)“閱讀小說(shuō)不會(huì)提高人們