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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-同濟大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hehadscarcelylefttherailwaystation_______itstartedtorain.

問題1選項

A.than

B.then

C.when

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】scarcelywhen為固定用法,表示"一...就..."。句意:他一離開火車站就開始下起了雨。選項C正確。

2.單選題

Thoughtheycamefrom______socialbackgrounds,thenewlymarriedcouplesharednumerousinterestsandfeelings.

問題1選項

A.desultory

B.obsolete

C.malleable

D.disparate

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.desultory漫無目的的;無條理的B.obsolete淘汰的;廢棄的

C.malleable可鍛造的;易受影響(或改變)的D.disparate由不同的人(或事物)組成的;迥然不同的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)though可知,此處為讓步語氣,根據(jù)主句的句意“但這對新婚夫婦有許多共同的興趣和感情”可推知,______socialbackgrounds表示“不同的社會背景”。因此,該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】雖然他們來自不同的社會背景,但這對新婚夫婦有許多共同的興趣和感情。

3.單選題

Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof().

問題1選項

A.crisis

B.urgency

C.emergency

D.emergence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項想crisis“危機;危險期”;B選項urgency“緊急;催促”;C選項emergency“緊急情況;突發(fā)事件”;D選項emergence“出現(xiàn);發(fā)生;露頭”。句意:救護車必須有優(yōu)先權,因為它通常要處理一些……。救護車需要處理的是一些緊急情況或突發(fā)事件,C選項符合句意。

4.單選題

Birdmigrationisoneofthemostinterestingyetleastunderstoodnaturalphenomena.Everyfallbirdsfromnorthernlatitudesflyingroupstothewarmersouthernlatitudesandthenreturnnorthinthespring.Scientistsagreeonthemainreasonsformigration:tofollowthefoodsupplyandtoavoidharshclimateconditions.Forexample,insectsdisappearduringthecoldmonths,promptinginsect-dependentbirdstoflysouthtowarmareaswhereinsectsbreed.Nosimilarconsensushasemerged,however,abouthowbirdsareabletonavigate.Despitemanyrecentexperiments,birdexpertsstilldonotknowhowbirdsarriveatthesamedestinationeveryyearandthenfindtheirwaybackhomeinthespring.

Somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatsomespeciesdofollowsuchtopographicfeatures.Butthatmethodcannotexplainhowsomebirdstravelatnight.Otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebythestars.Butthatexplanationcannotexplaindaytimemigrationortravelwhentheskiesarecloudy.

ThemostpopularexplanationcurrentlyisthatbirdsareguidedbyEarth’smagneticpoles.Themechanismbywhichthatworkshasnotyetbeenproved.Onetheorypointstothefactthatsomebirds’brainscontainmagnetite,anaturallyoccurringmagneticcompoundconsistingofironoxide.Magnetite

hasbeenfoundinmanyanimals,includingbirds.Withmagnetsembeddedintheirbrains,birdswouldbeabletosensethemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPoles.

Arecentexperimentwithhomingpigeonsprovidedsomeevidencethatmagnetitedoesplayacrucialroleinmigration.Homingpigeonsareknowntohavetheabilitytoreturntotheirhomesafterbeingtakenhundredsofmilesaway.Researchersfoundthattheycouldtrainhomingpigeonstorecognizechangesinamagneticfield.Whenasurroundingmagneticfieldwasnormal,thebirdswouldgatheratoneendofacage.Butwhenthefield’spolaritywasaltered,theyhoppedtotheotherend,suggestingthattheyweredetectingandrespondingtochangesinthemagneticfield.

Anothertheoryhasbeenofferedtoexplainthissensitivitytomagneticpoles,atheorythatdrawsuponquantummechanics,whichisthestudyofhowparticlesmoveinsideanatom.Itreliesonthefactthatelectronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom.Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother.Butwhenmoleculessplitandreactwithothermoleculestoformcompounds,theelectronpairsmaynolongerspininoppositedirections.Instead,theymayrepeleachother,aswhentwonorthendsofmagnetsarepressedtogether.Theelectronsstruggletochangedirectioninordertoachieveastablestateinwhichthetwoelectronsagainneutralizeeachother,givingoffnomagneticfield.

Thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight.ThebirdscansensetheeffortsoftheelectronsintryingtoreachaconditionofstabilitybecauseoftheslightchangesinthepulloftheNorthandSouthPoles.Inthisway,thebirdscandetectthedirectionofthepoleswhiletheyareinflight.

Inoneexperimenttoconfirmthiseffect,agroupofEuropeanrobinsweretrickedbyartificiallighttobelievethatitwastimeforspringmigration.Thebirdsbecameeagertoflynorth.Thechangesinlighttriggeredtheelectron-pairmovementdescribedabove,exposingtherobinstothemagneticfieldaccompanyingtheelectronpairs.Thebirdsbecamedisorientedandflewinalldirections.Thesimulatedmagneticfieldsweremuchtooweaktobedetectedbythebirds’naturalmagnetite,suggestingtotheexperimentersthattheelectronpairs,notthemagnetite,wereresponsibleforthebirds’confusedflying.

Thecurrentview,therefore,isthatlightplaysanimportantroleinguidingbirdmigration.Thismaybewhybirdsturntheirheadsfromsidetosidebeforeflyingoff.Theireyesarecollectingthesurroundinglight,whichinturnallowsthemtoprocessandanalyzetheexistingmagneticfieldsandtokeepthemselvespointedintherightdirection.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,insectsinfluencebirdmigrationinwhichofthefollowingways?

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,birdscandetectthemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPolesbecause(

).

3.TheauthordiscusseshomingpigeonsinParagraph4inorderto(

).

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretheoriesabouthowbirdsnavigateexcept:

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaboutelectronsexcept:

問題1選項

A.Insectsgenerateamagneticfieldthatbirdscandetect.

B.Insectsprovideafoodsupplythatexistsonlyinwarmclimates.

C.Birdsfollowthepathstakenbyflyinginsects.

D.Birdsknowwhentomigratebyasuddenincreaseininsectpopulation.

問題2選項

A.theysensethemotionofelectronpairs

B.theycanlocatethepolesbyfollowinglandmarks

C.theyingestmetalparticlesthatareattractedbythepoles

D.theyhavemagnetiteintheirbrains

問題3選項

A.provideanexampleofhowhumanscantrainbirds

B.describeanexperimentshowingtheimportanceofmagnetite

C.showthathomingpigeonsreturnhomebyfollowinglandmarks

D.reporthomingpigeons,behaviorinsideacage

問題4選項

A.Theyfollowlandmarkslikeriversandmountains.

B.Theyareguidedbytheirpositionrelativetothestars.

C.Theyfeelvibrationsinnerveendingsintheirbrains.

D.Theyrespondtochangesinlight.

問題5選項

A.Changesinlightcauseelectronpairstochangethedirectionoftheirspin.

B.Magnetitecontainselectronsthatrepeleachother.

C.Electronsthatspininoppositedirectionsneutralizeeachother.

D.Thenucleusofanatomisorbitedbyelectronpairs.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句提到鳥類遷徙的主要原因是為了獲取食物和躲避不利的氣候,并舉了昆蟲的例子來說明食物對鳥類的遷徙有重大作用。選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段最后一句提到鳥類的大腦里有磁體,所以它們可以感應南極跟北極的磁極磁場。選項D符合題意。

3.文章第四段第一句提到了關于信鴿的實驗,主要說明了磁性在遷徙過程中起到了重要的作用。選項B符合題意。

4.文章第二段第一句somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges,排除選項A;第二段第四句otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebystars,排除選項B;第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除D選項。選項C符合題意。

5.文章第五段第二句electronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom,排除選項D;第五段第三句Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother,排除選項C;第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除選項A。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Thesuspect()thathehadnotbeenintheneighborhoodatthetimeofthecrime.

問題1選項

A.advocated

B.alleged

C.addressed

D.announced

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項advocate“提倡,擁護”,B項allege“宣稱,斷言”,C項address“設法解決,致辭”,D項announce“宣布”。根據(jù)句子意思“嫌疑犯()說案發(fā)時他不在附近”可知,空格部分填入allege最符合句意。句意:嫌疑犯聲稱案發(fā)時他不在附近。因此,該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

Thetigercontinuedto(

)usbywalkingroundandroundourtent.

問題1選項

A.trap

B.transplant

C.menace

D.provoke

【答案】C

【解析】trap誘騙,設陷阱;transplant移植;menace威脅,恐嚇;provoke激怒,煽動。句意:老虎圍繞著帳篷轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去,繼續(xù)威脅著我們。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbossespaytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptions,sothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerica’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Instead,hefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.

Toassesstheimpactofperformance-relatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithsalesofover$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverallsuccess.

Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage一whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

問題1選項

A.Todiversifythebusinessofcorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

問題2選項

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.

問題3選項

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

問題4選項

A.Doubtful.

B.Optimistic.

C.Positive.

D.Approving.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?1.大企業(yè)把外來者招進董事會的目的是什么?

A.Todiversifythebusinessofcorporation.A.使公司業(yè)務多樣化。

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.B.加強高級管理人員與董事會之間的合作。

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.C.對企業(yè)管理進行有效改革。

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.D.保護股東利益。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“美國公司一直在努力尋找方法來阻止高級管理人員以犧牲股東利益為代價來牟取私利。最受歡迎的三項改革是:招募更多的外部董事以使董事會更加獨立……”,可知,招募外來者進董事會的目的是阻止高級管理人員以犧牲股東利益為代價來牟取私利,即保護股東的利益,D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“使公司業(yè)務多樣化”是韋斯特法爾的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與題干無關,屬于張冠李戴;

B項“加強高級管理人員與董事會之間的合作”根據(jù)解題思路可知,該項曲解原文;

C項“對企業(yè)管理進行有效改革”,根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“但這些改革真的有效嗎?本周在波士頓召開的管理學會年會上提交的三篇論文表明,答案是否定的?!笨芍淹鈦碚哒羞M董事會的這種改革是沒有作用的,該項屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?2.詹姆斯?韋斯特法爾教授的研究表明了什么?

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.A.董事會改革未能達到預期效果。

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.B.外部董事往往更獨立。

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.C.在董事會里擠滿了局外人的情況下,高級經(jīng)理們工作起來會更加認真。

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.D.高層管理人員和董事會之間的合作受到了改革的影響。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞ProfessorJamesWestphal定位到第三段,最后一句提到“JamesWestphal教授發(fā)現(xiàn)董事會里全是外部人士的老板們花了很多時間來建立聯(lián)盟,牟取私利,以及取悅外部人士”,潛在意思是說,董事會改革并沒有達到預期效果。選項A符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B項“外部董事往往更獨立”和D項“高層管理人員和董事會之間的合作受到了改革的影響”沒有體現(xiàn),屬于無中生有;

C項“在董事會里擠滿了局外人的情況下,高級經(jīng)理們工作起來會更加認真”,根據(jù)第三段第二和第三句“從表面上,將老板的心腹趕出董事會,并由外部人士取代他們,似乎是讓高級管理人員更負責任的完美方法。但這并不是JamesWestphal教授的一項研究的結(jié)論。”可知,該項并不是詹姆斯?韋斯特法爾教授的研究結(jié)果,該項屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?3.下列哪一項是正確的?

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.A.一般來說,公司高管們的高薪是值得的。

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.B.公司高管的收入與公司利潤的增長成正比。

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.C.公司高管們往往利用他們的職位來牟利。

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.D.公司高管的業(yè)績對其自身利益的影響大于對股東利益的影響。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“董事會里全是外部人士的老板們花了很多時間來建立聯(lián)盟,牟取私利,以及取悅外部人士”可推斷,公司高管利用自己的職位之便來取悅外部人士,以牟取私利,C項“公司高管們往往利用他們的職位來牟利”符合題意。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“一般來說,公司高管們的高薪是值得的”,根據(jù)第四段最后一句“這類公司將業(yè)務多元化,增加高管薪酬,并削弱薪酬與業(yè)績之間的聯(lián)系(increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance)”可知,董事會改革削弱了薪酬和業(yè)績之間的關系,雖然高管薪酬增加了,但可以推斷,高管并不值得這么高的薪酬,該項屬于反向干擾;

B項“公司高管的收入與公司利潤的增長成正比”,原文中沒有提到公司利潤和公司高管收入的比較,屬于無中生有;

D項“公司高管的業(yè)績對其自身利益的影響大于對股東利益的影響”文中也沒有提到,無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?4.作者如何看待控制高級管理人員的努力?

A.Doubtful.A.懷疑的。

B.Optimistic.B.樂觀的。

C.Positive.C.積極的。

D.Approving.D.贊許的。

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知,作者所述的三項改革舉措并未收到預期的效果,反而適得其反,事與愿違,由此我們可以判斷作者對其最終的結(jié)果顯然持懷疑的態(tài)度,所以A項“懷疑的”正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“樂觀的”、C項“積極的”和D項“贊許的”根據(jù)解題思路可知,屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanbe(

)atthemanager’soffice.

問題1選項

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。declare“申報,宣布”;obtain“獲得,得到”;reclaim“取回,開拓”;recognize“承認,識別”。句意:通知上說錢包已經(jīng)被找到并且可以在經(jīng)理辦公室領回。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Livingwitharoommate(

)constraintonher—shecouldn’tplayhertrumpetorhave

partieslateatnight.

問題1選項

A.imposed

B.illustrated

C.impressed

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。impose“強加”,imposeon意為“強加于……”;illustrate“闡明,解釋說明,圖解”,后一般接動詞by;impress“給予某人深刻印象”,impresson意為“給……留下印象”;left“留下,離開”。句意:和室友住在一起使她很拘束——她不能吹喇叭,也不能在深夜參加聚會。選項A更符合語境,表示無形中施加的一種壓力。

10.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

【答案】青春期,即從童年到成年之間的這段時期,可能很長,也可能很短,這取決于社會的期望和社會對什么是成熟和成年的定義。在原始社會,青春期往往是相對較短的一段時間,而在人們受教育時間較長的工業(yè)社會,再加上反對童工的法律,青春期的時間要長得多,可能包括人生第二個十年的大部分時間。此外,隨著社會和經(jīng)濟條件的變化,在特定社會中,青春期的長度和成年身份的定義可能會發(fā)生變化。這類變化的例子如:19世紀后半葉美國邊疆的消失,更普遍的是農(nóng)業(yè)社會的工業(yè)化。

11.單選題

Barryhadanadvantageoverhismother(

)hecouldspeakFrench.

問題1選項

A.sincethat

B.inthat

C.atthat

D.sothat

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項sincethat“從那以后”;B選項inthat“因為,在于”;C選項atthat“而且,因此”;D選項sothat“以便”。根據(jù)邏輯關系可知空格后面表示的是原因,因此選B。句意:Barry比他媽媽有優(yōu)勢,因為他會講法語。

12.單選題

WhenthetimeforJane’s(

)came,therewasgreatsorrowinthehousehold.

問題1選項

A.separation

B.departure

C.depression

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“離別,分別”;B選項“離開,出發(fā)”;C選項“沮喪,不景氣”;D選項“遠征,探險隊”。句意:當時間到(),整個家庭都陷入到一種沉重的悲傷中。一般親人啟程去某個地方就會產(chǎn)生悲傷,所以答案選B。A選項后面應該填人,或者主語為復數(shù),所以不選。

13.翻譯題

Anotherinnovationwillmakethosehard-to-rememberpasswordsobsolete.Soon,inordertoaccessoure-mailorbankaccount,we’lluseatechnologyknownasbiometrics.Atinysensorcouldconfirmyouridentitybyrecognizingtheuniquepatternsintheretinaofyoureye.“Imaginethatthingsrecognizeyou,”Meyersonsays.“YouwalkuptoanATM.Ittakesonelookatyouandsays,‘Yep,you’reyou.’”Withinfiveyears,it’spossiblewe’llnolongerbeinundatedwithjunkmail,becauseanewelectronicdevicewilldeleteitbeforeweeverseeit.“Thatdevice,asyouactuponit,asyoueliminatemail,youdon’treadit,youjustlookatitandkillit,”Meyersonsays,“afterawhileitlearnsyourhabitsandworksasyourassistantbyeliminatingstuffyouneverwantedanyway.Weanticipatethat,infiveyears,betterthan80percentofcoverageoftheworldpopulationsbycellularphonesandsmartphones.Atthispoint,imaginehaving,forinstance,theabilitytospeakopenlywithanybodyanywhere,anytimeandinanylanguage,real-timetranslation—literallytheoldStarTrekideaofauniversaltranslatorcomingtobe.”

【答案】答:

另一項科技創(chuàng)新將讓那些難記的密碼消失。不久,我們將能用一種被稱為生物辨識的科技進入電郵信箱或銀行帳號。這種小型的傳感可以通過識別你獨有的視網(wǎng)膜來確認你的身份。梅爾森說:“想象一下這個小東西記得你。你走到一個提款機,傳感器看了你一眼說,‘嘿,我知道你是誰?!痹?年內(nèi),我們將不會再被垃圾郵件淹沒,因為一個新的電子裝置將在我們看到垃圾郵件前就把它刪掉了。梅爾森說:“打開此裝置,在你刪郵件的時候,你不用讀郵件,你只要看它一眼然后刪掉。如此過一陣子,這個裝置就把你的習慣學起來,就像你的助理一樣幫你刪掉你不想看的郵件。我們預期5年內(nèi)世界超過80%人口將擁有移動電話和智能手機。到時,想象一下,比如,我們可以隨時隨地與說任意一種語言的人講話,這種實時翻譯的能力不就是《星際迷航》的宇宙翻譯者的概念!”

14.單選題

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas()byhiscolleagues.

問題1選項

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的想法總是被同事們認為()。condemn意為“譴責,反對”,表明其后的形容詞應為貶義詞。A選項imaginative想象的,虛構(gòu)的;B選項ingenious聰明的,精巧的;C選項impractical不切實際的,不實用的;D選項theoretical理論上的。C選項impractical符合句意和邏輯。

15.單選題

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthistime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“DoyouthinkI'mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“No,sir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquietseriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikethat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“Yes,you’reright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre,”hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch,perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodSchoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,andspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”

1.Atthebeginning,MissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT(

).

2.In“allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...”(the2ndparagraph),theword“about”means(

).

3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay“...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”(the7thparagraph)?

4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyre,wecanconcludethathewantedto(

).

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersounded(

).

問題1選項

A.cold

B.sociable

C.warmhearted

D.changeable

問題2選項

A.“around”

B.“on”

C.“outside”

D.“concerning”

問題3選項

A.BecauseJanehadintendedtocomforthim.

B.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.

C.BecauseJanehadaddedsomethingelsethathurthim.

D.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.

問題4選項

A.tellherallhistroubles.

B.changeheropinionofhim.

C.tellherhislifeexperience.

D.changehiscircumstances.

問題5選項

A.rude

B.indifferent

C.friendly

D.encouraging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstaytodinewithhim.早上的時候,他似乎忙得團團轉(zhuǎn),在下午的時候,鄰居們來拜訪他,有時還留下來和他一起吃飯?!钡诙蔚谝痪洹?..whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.有時候他會冷冷地從我身邊經(jīng)過,有時候會有禮貌地向我微笑和鞠躬?!庇纱丝梢酝茢喑隽_切斯特先生有時候很冷漠,而且善變。故排除選項A、B和選項D。答案選C符合題意。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)句意“在此期間,我對他的認知僅限于在房子周圍偶爾的照面,羅切斯特先生有時候冷冷地從我身邊經(jīng)過,有時候會有禮貌地向我微笑和鞠躬”??芍皁ccasionalmeeting偶爾的照面”的修飾詞是about引導的介詞短語,表示地點范圍。根據(jù)文章后面幾段對于兩位主角見面的細節(jié)描寫,可以推斷出“aboutthehouse”是“在房子周圍”。故正確答案選A。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文章第六段中簡說“先生,對不起。我應該說美貌并不重要,或者類似的話”。接著第七段第一句話羅切斯特先生的回答:“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling…不,你不會。我認為你在批評我的外表,你背后給我捅小刀子。你很誠實有感情。”所以,需要我們理解的部分是羅切斯特先生聽到簡解釋性的回答后,認為是對他的安慰,因此說出“你在背后給我捅刀子”之類的話。這一表達是一種暗喻性的說法,D和B說法過于絕對。選項C文章并沒有提到。故A符合文章意思。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第八段“IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.在我21歲時我走錯了路,就再也沒有回到正道?!焙汀癐twasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.這不是我的性格,是環(huán)境使然?!边@些是羅切斯特先生對簡說的話,講述他的人生經(jīng)歷,解釋這是環(huán)境所致,目的是為了改變簡對他的看法。故正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章末段“You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.你就像籠子里的鳥兒。當你飛出籠子,你將飛得更高”。由此可知,羅切斯特先生說的話是對于簡的一種鼓勵。故正確答案選D。

16.填空題

Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich[1]weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeing[2]conventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedto[3]conveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposal[4]avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimto[5]communicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyle,tootherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesin[6]sizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,[7]unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystemaconcrete[8]transmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans[9](speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare[10]amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.

【答案】1.agreeing改為agreed

2.words改為these/thosewords

3.in改為at

4.enables改為enable

5.style改為styles

6.old改為older

7.seen改為understood

8.刪除it

9.And改為However

10.moststriking改為themoststriking

【解析】1.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,agreeing作前置定語修飾conventions,agree和conventions之間存在被動關系,所以要用agree的過去分詞形式agreed“一致的,同意的”。Agreedconventions“一致的慣例”。

2.語法題。根據(jù)上文的astoreofwords,可知下文再次提及words,應該添加指示代詞表特指。又因為words為復數(shù),所以選用指示代詞these或者those。

3.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”,所以inhisdisposal介詞搭配錯誤。

4.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知which引導的定語從句,先行詞為avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules,為復數(shù),所以定語從句中的謂語動詞不能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

5.語法題。根據(jù)avarietyof“各種各樣的”,用來修飾名詞的復數(shù)形式。這里要用名詞style的復數(shù)形式。

6.語法題。根據(jù)句意,“特別是他的詞匯量,無論是經(jīng)常使用的還是他認識的,隨著年齡的增長,由于教育和使用經(jīng)驗,詞匯量也會增加”??芍@里的old應該用比較級的形式。

7.上下文語義。根據(jù)句意“除非他能夠運用一種能夠被語言社區(qū)中的其他成員所理解的表達方式”,所以這里要表達的意思是“理解”,而不是seen“被看到”。

8.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配takesth.forgranted“認為某事是理所當然的”。根據(jù)下文提到的thetwomostcommonformsoftransmission“兩種最常見的交流方式”,可知文章要表達的意思是“認為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當然的”,所以這里的it為多余的代詞。

9.上下文邏輯關系。上文提到Wetakeforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission,“我們認為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當然的”,下文提到theseareamongmoststrikingofhumanachievements,“這是人類最顯著的成就之一”??芍昂髢删浯嬖谵D(zhuǎn)折關系,而不是并列關系。所以并列連詞誤用,應改為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。

10.語法題。文中moststriking應該要表達的意思為“最顯著的”,為形容詞的最高級形式。形容詞的最高級前面應該加上定冠詞the,為英語的習慣用法和表達。

17.單選題

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadf

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