考研考博-英語-四川國際標榜職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川國際標榜職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

問題1選項

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

問題2選項

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

問題3選項

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

問題4選項

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

問題5選項

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司對來應聘的黑人進行血液檢測（givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs），選項A符合題意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方發(fā)言人強調這種做法不是歧視，而是在幫助他們避免潛在的疾病威脅（DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals），選項A符合題意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美國做基因篩查的先鋒（DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening），所以可以推測出一些公司并不想做這個篩查。選項C符合題意。

4.題干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的；complex復雜的，thick濃的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到實際上很多攜帶者可以很積極地生活并且不會有任何癥狀。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Hearsayevidenceconsistsofstatementsmadeoutofcourtbysomeonewhoisnotpresenttotestifyunderoathatatrial.

問題1選項

A.mistrust

B.dispute

C.scrutiny

D.pledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓約，詛咒”；A項mistrust“不信任，懷疑”，B項dispute“辯論，爭吵，意見不同”，C項scrutiny“詳細審查，監(jiān)視，細看”，D項pledge“保證，誓言，抵押”。句意：非直接證據指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作證時所作的證詞。因此，根據句意可知D選項正確。

3.單選題

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingabout$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height（1）

careersuccess,”saidprofessorTimothyJudgeofUniversityofFlorida.“Thesefindingsaretroublinginthat,withafew（2）,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（3）

.”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheU.S.andBritainthatfollowedthousandsofparticipantsfromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis（4）thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（5）thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s（6）ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and（7）measuresofperformance,suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher（8）andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（9）.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewasasignof（10）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

問題1選項

A.makesout

B.mattersfor

C.takeson

D.worksin

問題2選項

A.exceptions

B.problems

C.examples

D.cases

問題3選項

A.operation

B.condition

C.performance

D.environment

問題4選項

A.on

B.to

C.with

D.over

問題5選項

A.deficiency

B.necessity

C.advantage

D.loss

問題6選項

A.evaluation

B.judge

C.decision

D.imagination

問題7選項

A.relative

B.objective

C.initiative

D.absolute

問題8選項

A.statue

B.status

C.state

D.situation

問題9選項

A.sources

B.organizations

C.origins

D.courses

問題10選項

A.asignof

B.aworkat

C.aholdon

D.atimein

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A選項makesout“辨認出；理解；寫出”；B選項mattersfor“關乎”；C選項takeson“承擔；呈現”；D選項worksin“在……工作；插進；引進；摻和”。句意：身高______事業(yè)成功。前文說到個子高的人掙得比個子矮的人多，可知這里是指身高會極大地影響事業(yè)，B選項mattersfor“關乎”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項exceptions“例外”；B選項problems“問題”；C選項examples“例子”；D選項cases“情況”。句意：這些發(fā)現令人不安的是，少數幾個______，比如職業(yè)籃球運動員，沒有人會說身高是工作的必要條件。身高不是工作中的必要條件，根據語境，這里填A選項exceptions“例外”比較合理，意思指除了職業(yè)籃球運動員這些特定的職業(yè)，其他沒有身高要求。因此A選項正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項operation“操作；經營”；B選項condition“條件；情況”；C選項performance“績效；表現”；D選項environment“環(huán)境；外界”。句意：這些發(fā)現令人不安的是，除了少數幾個例外，比如職業(yè)籃球運動員，沒有人會說身高是工作______的必要條件。文章之前表達的是個子高的人掙得多，而工資和表現掛鉤，所以這里C選項performance“績效；表現”比較符合題意，意思指身高不是工作表現好的必要條件。因此C選項正確。

4.考查介詞用法。A選項on“在（某一天）”；B選項to“向；朝”；C選項with“具有；和”；D選項over“在……期間”。句意：如果把這樣的收入增長放到30年的職業(yè)生涯中來考慮，并把結果累加起來。根據語境，這里橫線處引出后面thecourseofa30-yearcareer構成短語，D選項over“在……期間”和course搭配比較合理。因此D選項正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項deficiency“缺陷”；B選項necessity“必要；必需品”；C選項advantage“優(yōu)勢，有利條件”；D選項loss“損失”。句意：那就意味著高大的人可以享受數十萬美元的收入______。根據語境，掙得多是優(yōu)勢，C選項advantage“優(yōu)勢，有利條件”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

6.考查名詞辨析。A選項evaluation“評價”；B選項judge“審判員；裁判員”；C選項decision“決定”；D選項imagination“想象”。句意：較高的身高會提高別人對你工作表現的主觀評價，包括上司對你工作效率的______。根據語境，這里指上司對工作效率進行評價，A選項evaluation“評價”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項relative“相關的”；B選項objective“客觀的”；C選項initiative“初步的；基礎的”；D選項absolute“絕對的；完全的”。句意：也會使衡量工作表現的______數字，比如銷量有所提高。根據語境，這里像銷量這樣的因素是客觀的，B選項objective“客觀的”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項statue“雕像”；B選項status“地位；（進展）狀況”；C選項state“（某方面，某階段的）情況”；D選項situation“（具體的）情況；處境”。句意：其他人可能也會給予高個子更高的______和更多的尊重，這使他們在談判中具有優(yōu)勢。根據語境，這里是指高個子的人更容易受到尊重，B選項status“地位”比較符合題意。因此B選項正確。

9.考查名詞辨析。A選項sources“來源”；B選項organizations“組織”；C選項origins“起源”；D選項courses“課程；進程”。句意：身高的重要影響可能是我們進化______的余留。根據語境，C選項origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“進化”比較合理，指的是身高的影響來自于進化起源。因此C選項正確。

10.考查固定搭配。A選項asignof“……的標志”；B選項aworkat“……的工作；作品”；C選項aholdon“……的控制；影響”；D選項atimein“在……的一段時間”。句意：也許從人類和動物生活在一起的時候起，體型就是力量和力量的______，在決定“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”時使用。根據語境，這里指體型代表力量，所以A選項asignof“……的標志”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

問題1選項

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

問題2選項

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

問題3選項

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

問題4選項

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

問題5選項

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據第一段的內容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因為國家的巨大權力被用來促進各種意識形態(tài)的目的。選項C符合原文。

2.根據第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”選項A錯誤；根據第一段的倒數第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不僅僅是文化問題,所以選項B也錯誤；選項C符合原文,選項D在文中沒有提及。

3.根據第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知選項A正確；根據第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知選項B正確；根據第二段的倒數第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知選項D正確,只要選項C在文中未提及。

4.根據原文內容可知。本文的兩個關鍵詞是政治和文化,所以選項B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,選項A正確。

5.翻譯題

Forallyouspacebuffswholiketokeeptrackofwherethewateris,itlookslikeyoucanaddourveryownmoontoyourlist.BecauseaccordingtoatrioofpapersappearinginthejournalScience,thelunarsurfaceiswetterthanwerealized.

Fortyyearsago,Apolloastronautsbroughtabunchofmoonrocksbackhome.Forthemostpartthosesamplesshowednotracesofwaterwhatsoever.ThosethatseemedeventheslightestbitmoistwerethoughttohavebeencontaminatedbywaterfromEarth—becausethecontainerstheywerestoredinturnedouttobeleaky.

Butnowscientistssaythey’vespottedwaterrightonthemoon’ssurface.Usinginstrumentsonthreedifferentspacecraft,thescientistsdetectedthechemicalsignatureofgoodoldH2O.Andtheythinkthewaterspringsfromthemoonitself.Thelunarsoilisnearly50percentoxygen,andthescientiststhinkthathydrogencomesfromthesolarwindthatpoundsthemoon’ssurface.

Putthetwotogetherandyougetwet.Nottoowet,ofcourse.There’sprobablyonlyaboutaquartofwaterineverytonoflunarsoil.That’sdryerthantheSahara,butwetterthanwethought.

【答案】對于你們這些喜歡追蹤水在哪里的太空迷來說，看起來你們可以把我們自己的月球加入你們的名單。因為根據發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上的三篇論文，月球表面比我們想象的要潮濕。

40年前，阿波羅宇航員帶回了一堆月球巖石。在大多數情況下，這些樣本沒有任何水的痕跡。那些看起來哪怕是最輕微的潮濕都被認為是受到了來自地球的水的污染——因為它們儲存的容器原來是漏水的。

但現在科學家稱他們已經在月球表面發(fā)現了水?？茖W家們在三艘不同的宇宙飛船上使用儀器，探測到了古老的H2o的化學特征。他們認為水來自月球本身。月球的土壤中有近50%是氧氣，科學家們認為氫氣來自撞擊月球表面的太陽風。

把這兩者放在一起，你就濕了。當然不會太濕。每噸月球土壤中大概只有一夸脫水。那里比撒哈拉沙漠干燥，但比我們想象的要潮濕。

6.單選題

______,glassescancorrectmostsightdefectinhealthyeyes.

問題1選項

A.Whenwellfitted

B.Wellfittedwhen

C.Wellfittedif

D.Ifwellfittedwhen

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。When和if都可以表示連接從句表示假設，但不能同時使用，所以排除D項；—般的語序是when/if+從句，而不是從句之后接連詞，故排除B項和C項；注意題干，主語是glasses（眼鏡），從句的主語也是一致的，所以從句的主語和被動語態(tài)的be動詞省略。句意：如果配戴得當，眼鏡可以矯正健康眼睛的大部分視力缺陷。因此，該題正確答案為A。

7.單選題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillionsmoreareoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresourcesawayfromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythanisexpendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowinnutritionalvalue,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefarmorethantheyneed—anotherirony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,mostadults—ofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3,800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompeteforsalesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaignsdirectedtowardschildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothinkofanymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainlynottheagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployarmiesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibitovereating.

1.Thegreatironyof21stcenturyglobalpublichealthrefersto（）.

2.Toaddressthefundamentalcauseoftheobesityepidemic,accordingtothepassage,is（）.

3.Aswecanlearnfromthepassage,thesecondironyrefersto（）.

4.Asaresultofthethirdirony,people（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeexcludedbasedonthepassage?

問題1選項

A.thecauseofobesityanditscounteractivemeasures

B.theinsufficientandsuperfluousconsumptionoffood

C.thescarcenaturalresourceandthenegligenceoffoodsecurity

D.theconsumptionoffoodandtheincreasedriskofdiet-relateddiseases

問題2選項

A.toimprovepoliticalandeconomicmanagement

B.tocopewiththeenergyimbalanceissue

C.tocombatdiet-relatedchronicdiseases

D.toincreaseinvestmentinglobalhealth

問題3選項

A.affluenceandobesity

B.foodenergyandnutritionalvalue

C.foodbusinessandeconomicprosperity

D.diseasesofcivilizationandpathologyofinactivity

問題4選項

A.consume3800kilocaloriesonadailybasis

B.complainaboutfoodoverproduction

C.havetoraisetheirfoodexpenses

D.aredriventowardsweightgain

問題5選項

A.Theeconomicdimension.

B.Thepoliticaldimension.

C.Thehumanedimension.

D.Thedietarydimension.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillionsmoreareoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases”,這是21世紀全球公共衛(wèi)生的一個巨大諷刺；雖然由于經濟不平等、政治腐敗或戰(zhàn)爭，數以億計的人缺乏足夠的食物，但還有數以億計的人體重過重，已增加了患與飲食有關的慢性疾病的風險。因此D選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity”,這種失衡的原因同樣具有諷刺意味：繁榮程度的提高，最后一段“Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployarmiesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibitovereating”，當人們吃得更多的時候，所有國家都繁榮昌盛，所有國家都雇傭成群的說客來阻止政府采取任何措施抑制過度飲食。由此可知，要解決肥胖的流行，要從經濟和政治方面進行管理。因此A選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive”,這種失衡的原因同樣具有諷刺意味：繁榮程度的提高。人們用額外的收入吃得更多，少做運動。由此可知，人們在變得富裕的同時，卻也有了肥胖癥同樣也是一種諷刺。因此A選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompeteforsalesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaignsdirectedtowardschildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.”，過多的食物迫使公司通過廣告、健康宣傳、新產品、更大的份量和針對兒童的活動來競爭銷售。食品營銷促進體重增加。由此可知，人們在這種食品過剩的大環(huán)境中，被迫攝入過多的熱量，最后體重增加。因此D選項符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文中并未涉及到人文維度。因此C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（

）ofeachotherIthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。indistinctly“不清楚地，模糊地”；separately“分開地，與from”；irrelevantly“不恰當地，不相關地”;independently“獨立地，分開地”。句意：語言、文化、性格彼此都是獨立的，實際上他們之間密不可分。選項D符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Theirrationalfearspeopleexpresstodayaboutcloningparallelthosesurroundingroboticshalfacenturyago.SoIwouldliketoproposeThreeLawofCloningthatalsoclarifythreemisunderstandings:1.Ahumancloneisahumanbeingnolessuniqueinhisorherpersonhoodthananidenticaltwin.2.Ahumanclonehasalltherightsandprivilegesthataccompanythislegalandmoralstatus.3.Ahumancloneistobeaccordedthedignityandrespectdueanymemberofyourspecies.Althoughsuchsimplificationsriskerasingtherichdifferencesfoundinethicaldebatesoverpioneeringresearch,theydoaidinreducingridiculousfearsoftenassociatedwithsuchadvances.

【答案】人們今天對克隆所表現出的非理性恐懼與50年前人們對機器人表現出的恐懼類似。因此我提出三個關于克隆的觀點來澄清三個誤解：1、克隆人也是人，他的個性就像同卵孿生子一樣。2、克隆人擁有與這種法律和道德地位伴隨的所有權利和特權。3、克隆人應該被給予應有的尊嚴和尊重，就像你對待其它成員一樣。盡管這類簡化冒著消除有關前沿研究的道德爭論的復雜性，但是的確有助于減少有關的荒謬的恐懼。

10.單選題

Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit.Thereisaviewinwhichalltheloveofourneighbor,theimpulsestowardsaction,help,andbeneficence,thedesireforremovinghumanerror,clearinghumanconfusion,anddiminishinghumanmisery,thenobleaspirationtoleavetheworldbetterandhappierthanwefoundit—motiveseminentlysuchasarecalledsocial—comeinaspartofthegroundsofculture,andthemainandpreeminentpart.Cultureisthenproperlydescribednotashavingitsoriginincuriosity,butashavingitsoriginintheloveofperfection;itisastudyofperfection.（1）_______________________________.

Religionsays:TheKingdomofGodiswithinyou;（2）______________________.Itplacesitintheever-increasingefficacyandinthegeneralharmoniousexpansionofthosegiftsofthoughtandfeeling,whichmakethepeculiardignity,wealth,andhappinessofhumannature.AsIhavesaidonaformeroccasion:“Itisinmakingendlessadditionstoitself,intheendlessexpansionofitspowers,inendlessgrowthinwisdomandbeauty,thatthespiritofthehumanracefindsitsideal.Toreachthisideal,cultureisanindispensableaid,andthatisthetruevalueofculture.”Notahavingandarestingbutagrowingandabecoming,isthecharacterofperfectionascultureconceivesit;andhere,too,itcoincideswithreligion…

Ifculture,then,isastudyofperfection,andofharmoniousperfection,generalperfection,andperfectionwhichconsistsinbecomingsomethingratherthaninhavingsomething,inaninwardconditionofthemindandspirit,notinanoutwardsetofcircumstances,itisclearthatculture…h(huán)asaveryimportantfunctiontofulfillformankind.Andthisfunctionisparticularlyimportantinourmodernworld,ofwhichthewholecivilizationis,toamuchgreaterdegreethanthecivilizationofGreeceandRome,mechanicalandexternal,andtendsconstantlytobecomemoreso.（3）_______________________________.

Thepursuitofperfection,then,isthepursuitofsweetnessandlight.Culturehasonegreatpassion,thepassionforsweetnessandlight.Ithasoneevenyetgreater—thepassionformakingthemprevail.Itisnotsatisfiedtillweallcometoaperfectman;itknowsthatthesweetnessandlightofthefewmustbeimperfectuntiltherawandunkindledmassesofhumanityaretouchedwithsweetnessandlight.IfIhavenotshrunkfromsayingthatwemustworkforsweetnessandlight,soneitherhaveIshrunkfromsayingthatwemusthaveabroadbasis,musthavesweetnessandlightforasmanyaspossible…（4）_______________________________________.

（5）__________________________________________.Thegreatmenofculturearethosewhohavehadapassionfordiffusing,formakingprevail,forcarryingfromoneendofsocietytotheother,thebestknowledge,thebestideasoftheirtime;whohavelaboredtodivestknowledgeofallthatwasharsh,uncouth,difficult,abstract,professional,exclusive;tohumanizeit,tomakeitefficientoutsidethecliqueofthecultivatedandlearned,yetstillremainingthebestknowledgeandthoughtofthetime,andatruesource,therefore,ofsweetnessandlight.

問題1選項

A.Cultureseekstomakethebestthathasbeenthoughtandknownintheworldcurrenteverywhere;tomakeallmenliveinanatmosphereofsweetnessandlight,wheretheymayuseideas,asitusesthemitself,freely—-nourished,andnotboundbythem.

B.Thisisthesocialidea;andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.

C.Itmovesbytheforce,notmerelyorprimarilyofthescientificpassionforpureknowledge,butalsoofthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood.

D.Allthesethingsoughttobedonemerelybytheway:theformationofthespiritandcharactermustbeourrealconcern.

E.Theyhumanizedknowledge;becausetheybroadenedthebasisoflifeandintelligence;becausetheyworkedpowerfullytodiffusesweetnessandlight.

F.Andculture,inlikemanner,placeshumanperfectioninaninternalcondition,inthegrowthandpredominanceofourhumanityproper,asdistinguishedfromouranimality.

G.Butaboveallinourowncountryhascultureaweightyparttoperform,becauseherethatmechanicalcharacter,whichcivilizationtendstotakeeverywhere,isshowninthemosteminentdegree.

問題2選項

A.Cultureseekstomakethebestthathasbeenthoughtandknownintheworldcurrenteverywhere;tomakeallmenliveinanatmosphereofsweetnessandlight,wheretheymayuseideas,asitusesthemitself,freely—-nourished,andnotboundbythem.

B.Thisisthesocialidea;andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.

C.Itmovesbytheforce,notmerelyorprimarilyofthescientificpassionforpureknowledge,butalsoofthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood.

D.Allthesethingsoughttobedonemerelybytheway:theformationofthespiritandcharactermustbeourrealconcern.

E.Theyhumanizedknowledge;becausetheybroadenedthebasisoflifeandintelligence;becausetheyworkedpowerfullytodiffusesweetnessandlight.

F.Andculture,inlikemanner,placeshumanperfectioninaninternalcondition,inthegrowthandpredominanceofourhumanityproper,asdistinguishedfromouranim