考研考博-英語-四川文化產(chǎn)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川文化產(chǎn)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whenwesoldourranchandmovedtotown,motherhaddecided______openadaynursery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.on

C.in

D.for

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：當(dāng)我們賣掉農(nóng)場搬到鎮(zhèn)上時(shí)，母親決定開一個(gè)日間托兒所。decidetodosth.是固定搭配，意為“決定做某事”。其他三項(xiàng)不能和decide搭配。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Heisaformerscientistwhotransitionedtoindustrymanyyearsagoandthenontoaseniormanagementposition.

【答案】他曾是一名科學(xué)家，多年前轉(zhuǎn)行到工業(yè)界，然后擔(dān)任高級(jí)管理職位。

3.單選題

Nervousaboutflyinginplanes,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thirtyyearsagopeopleknewnothingofspacetravel

B.peopleknewnothingofspacetravelthirtyyearsago

C.spacetravelwasunknownbypeoplethirtyyearsago

D.becausepeopleknewnothingofspacethirtyyearsago

【答案】B

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)時(shí)間狀語要放在句尾，跟前面句型保持一致；B選項(xiàng)正確，前面說的是nervous，也就是人們擔(dān)心，因此后面也必須先出現(xiàn)人們；C選項(xiàng)主謂不一致，可排除；D選項(xiàng)缺少成分。句意：坐飛機(jī)感到緊張……。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Ourmadattemptstoavoidboredomupholdaprofitablecorneroftheentertainmentindustry,whilethevarietyofbooks,websites,TVprogramsandvideosaimedatchildrenandcalled"BoredomKillers"suggeststhatennui，hasnoagerestriction.Thisisnonewdevelopment-obsessivetextingishardlyonalevelwithwatchinglionsripgladiatorstoshredsforentertainment,and,astheBritishpublicseemtobemovingontoastagewherefox-huntingisnolongerseenasajustifiable,fundiversion,wemustbedoingsomethingright.However,someexpertshaverecentlypointedoutthatobsessiveavoidanceofboredom(apartfrombeingquitedullinitself-haveyouevertriedtohaveadecentconversationwithanextremesportsenthusiast?)deniesaccesstothecertainkindofmentalspacewhichboredombringsandindoingsoleavesuscreativelyandspirituallymalnourished.Inotherwords,boredomisbecoming"alostartform".

StevenWinnoftheSanFranciscoChronicleputsitinarecentarticle:“Asmoreandmorepeopleseemtorecognize,theuniversalexperienceofbeingbored-unengaged,detached,afloatinsomeprivatementalinactivity-maybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest.Asordinaryasgreyskiesandequallypervasive,boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration.

Thisisaveryparticularunderstandingofwhatboredomis,andperhapsthisveryproblemofdefinitioniswhatliesattherootofthesupposeddebate.Ontheonehand,boredomcanbedefinedasastateoflistlessness,alackofinterestinthatwhichsurroundsusandageneralsenseofennui.Ofthisparticulardefinition,SaulSteinbergwrote,“Thelifeofthecreativemanisled,directedandcontrolledbyboredom.Avoidingboredomisoneofourmostimportantpurposes."Sointhiscase,boredomissomethingwefleefrominhorror.

Anotherconceptionofboredomisofablank,privatementalspace,invaluableforrelaxingandforthefermentationofcreativejuices.Itisthistypeofboredomwhichisconsideredbysometobealostartform.Informationaloverloadfromallquartermeansthattherecanoftenbeverylittletimeforpersonalthought,reflection,orevenjust"zoningout".Withamobilethatisconstantlyswitchedonandasurplusofentertainmentsavailabletodistractthemarkedeye,itisunderstandablethatsomepeoplefinditdifficulttoactuallygetboredinthatparticularrestlessness,introspectivekindofway.

1.Theword"ennui"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablemeans（）.

2.Boredomisbecoming"alostartform"becausepeople（）.

3.AccordingtoStevenWinn,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutboredom?

4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatboredom（）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoidingboredom

B.lackofcreativity

C.loveofentertainment

D.thefeelingofhavingnothingtodo

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aredeprivedofdeepthought

B.areabandoningold-fashionedamusement

C.indulgeinentertainment

D.havenoprivatespace

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisacommonproblemofhumanbeings.

B.Itisalwaysfearedbycreativemen.

C.Itisimportanttorecognizeitssignificance.

D.Itismorevaluablethanentertainment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hastwocontradictorydefinitions

B.hasbothstrongandweakpoints

C.isasourceofartcreation

D.isdyingintheinformationage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifewithoutBoredom

B.TheInfluenceofModernEntertainment

C.TwoTypesofBoredom

D.TheSignificanceofBoredom

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。文章第一句指出:……為兒童設(shè)計(jì)并被稱為“無聊殺手”的書籍、網(wǎng)站、電視節(jié)目、音像制品表明“ennui”沒有年齡界限。因此推測，ennui是屬于“無聊”之意的范疇，故選D項(xiàng)“一種沒事可干的感覺”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞"alostartform"定位至第一段最后一句:然而，一些專家最近指出，強(qiáng)迫性地逃避無聊使人無法進(jìn)入無聊帶來的某種思維空間，這使我們?cè)趧?chuàng)造力和精神上都處于營養(yǎng)不良的狀態(tài)。換句話說，無聊成了一種“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。以及最后一段:正是這種無聊被一些人視為逝去的藝術(shù)形式。從四面八方涌來的過多的信息意味著很少有時(shí)間可用于個(gè)人思考、深思、或者僅僅“溜號(hào)”。因此，綜合考慮，無聊可以提供某種思維空間，但是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)充斥著過多的信息，從而使得這種思考空間成為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。故選A項(xiàng)“被剝奪了深入思考”。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞StevenWinn定位至第二段:theuniversalexperienceofbeingboredmaybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest(普遍的無聊經(jīng)歷可能比表面看起來的要更加珍貴、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration(無聊應(yīng)受到陽光燦爛般的關(guān)注和贊美),因此可看出，StevenWinn認(rèn)為，無聊（其意義和積極影響）值得關(guān)注。

4.判斷推理題。A:兩個(gè)定義相互矛盾。B:有優(yōu)劣之分。文章的第三段和第四段分別談及“無聊”的兩種看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也無優(yōu)劣之分，故排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。C:是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:無聊給予了人們獨(dú)立思考的空間，因而對(duì)于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造是極其珍貴的,但是并不能說無聊就是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉，故排除C項(xiàng)。D:消亡于信息時(shí)代。根據(jù)第四段可知:無聊被稱之為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”是因?yàn)榉彪s的信息意味著用于有利于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的思考時(shí)間很少，即“無聊”的時(shí)間很少了，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章談及對(duì)“無聊”的兩種看法，并且提出“無聊”已經(jīng)成了“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”這一主要觀點(diǎn)。因此，D項(xiàng)“無聊的意義”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

5.單選題

Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,（）attheotherstore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anyone

B.theothers

C.theones

D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查不定代詞。句意：即使減價(jià)出售，這些冰箱的價(jià)格即使不比另一家商店的貴，價(jià)格也是一樣的。根據(jù)句意可知填空處所指代的應(yīng)該是refrigerators，代詞one可以用來替代前面提到過的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。而這里使用的是冰箱的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以也要用復(fù)數(shù)的ones來指代，并且refrigerators是上文已經(jīng)提及的，表示特指，所以要加上定冠詞the，選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.單選題

Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals（）asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.release

C.dismiss

D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。relieve解除，減輕；release釋放；dismiss解散，解雇；discard拋棄，丟棄。句意：許多動(dòng)植物會(huì)釋放一種物質(zhì)來吸收有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Pleaseholduponasumofmoneytocoverthecostsofhandling.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.borrow

B.reserve

C.take

D.carry

【答案】B

【解析】holdupon意為持有，儲(chǔ)備。只有選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people—mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany—werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I'llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgraveandintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGunterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000childrenwithhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidableandnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofWillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecause

Germans（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

C.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

D.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B.astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

B.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.

C.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

B.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.這是航海史上最嚴(yán)重的悲劇，導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)比泰坦尼克號(hào)多6倍”?？芍x項(xiàng)B“造成的傷亡人數(shù)最多”為最佳答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.一場冰雹將船的甲板變成冰板，同時(shí)導(dǎo)致船傾斜往下沉，數(shù)百家庭滑入大海中”，由此可知icestorm冰雹并不是船傾斜的原因，只是加劇更多人落水的推動(dòng)因素，題干中問的when，是指“當(dāng)”，可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文中的as后面的內(nèi)容。故正確答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段第二句“Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.通過完全接受承認(rèn)他們國家在二戰(zhàn)中犯下的滔天罪行，德國設(shè)法贏得其他國家的認(rèn)可，在國內(nèi)邊緣化新的納粹分子，并且與領(lǐng)國和平相處”，由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合文章的意思。其他選項(xiàng)都是細(xì)節(jié)性的描述。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第二句“…itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastrophe”可知在第二段中君特?格蘭斯有關(guān)海難的小說作品中，描述了一位年輕的孕婦在海難中生還的過程。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.但即使政治立場最正確的德國人也相信他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有權(quán)利來討論整個(gè)歷史事件”，由這句話可知，德國人現(xiàn)在有權(quán)利討論歷史上的這次海難事件，而不用擔(dān)心因?yàn)樽陨碓趹?zhàn)中的歷史而受到非議。所以德國人也不用擔(dān)心因此被人誤解。故正確答案選C。選項(xiàng)B和D是杜撰出來的表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)A根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“…ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.”這里的“price代價(jià)”指代句子前面“willfulforgetting有意的遺忘”，故不符合題干的意思。

9.單選題

“Thosegirlsareidenticaltwins,aren’tthey?”“Yes,theylookexactly（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.alike

C.like

D.sameones

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。look在此處作感官動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來……”后面接形容詞。same一般與the連用，alike為形容詞，意為“相像的，十分相似”。

句意：“那些女孩是同卵雙胞胎，不是嗎？”“是的，她們看起來十分相似”。

10.單選題

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagood（）amongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.balance

B.distribution

C.combination

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)balance“平衡”；B選項(xiàng)distribution“分布，分配”；C選項(xiàng)combination“結(jié)合，組合”；D選項(xiàng)spread“傳播，伸展”。句意：在教育中，幫助養(yǎng)成有效思考與明智判斷的學(xué)科之間應(yīng)該有一個(gè)很好的_____。而根據(jù)句中“學(xué)科之間”這一關(guān)鍵詞，可以判斷出應(yīng)該是在強(qiáng)調(diào)要一個(gè)“好的平衡”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Theshell-coveredanimalswithoutbackboneshaveanastytendencytodevourtheirneighbors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.develop

B.endeavor

C.delude

D.consume

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)develop“開發(fā)；進(jìn)步；使成長”；B選項(xiàng)endeavor“努力；盡力”；C選項(xiàng)delude“欺騙；哄騙；誘惑”；D選項(xiàng)consume“消耗，消費(fèi)；著迷”。句意：這些沒有脊骨、殼覆蓋的動(dòng)物有一種令人討厭的傾向，它們會(huì)吃掉它們的鄰居。根據(jù)此處關(guān)鍵詞theirneighbors（他們的鄰居）可排除A選項(xiàng)及B選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)delude（欺騙）主要側(cè)重于虛偽的意見或信念欺騙，因此也可排除。結(jié)合語境，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

TheDepartmentofTransportationandCommunications（DOTC.will（）thepurchaseof48newLightRailVehicles（LRV）fortheMetroRailTransit（MRT）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceedwith

B.proceedfrom

C.prevailover

D.presideover

【答案】A

【解析】A選項(xiàng)proceedwith表示“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”；B選項(xiàng)proceedfrom表示“從……出發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)prevailover表示“勝過，占優(yōu)勢”；D選項(xiàng)presideover表示“主持，負(fù)責(zé)”。由原句句意可知，交通運(yùn)輸部（DOTC.將為地鐵（MRT）（）_采購48輛新的輕軌車輛（LRV）。所以，只有A選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Thelatterisnolessimportantthantheformer,andifbibliographicaldecisionsaremadewrongly,noamountoflogisticinformationcan（

）thesituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.envisage

B.disperse

C.diffuse

D.redeem

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)envisage“正視，面對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)disperse“分散，分開，使傳播”；C選項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散”；D選項(xiàng)redeem“贖回，挽救”。根據(jù)句意‘后者比前者更重要，并且如果最終書目決定錯(cuò)了，即使再多的邏輯信息也無法挽救這個(gè)局面?！疍選項(xiàng)正確。

14.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

Youhavejustcomebackfromaninternationalconference.WritealettertoMr.Smith,anAmericanscholaryoumetattheconference,to:

1.introduceyourselfandtheuniversitywhereyouwork,

2.invitehimtogivealectureatyouruniversity.

【答案】略

15.單選題

Thequestionofethicsinthelegalprofessionisonethathasplaguedtheindustrysinceitsinception.Thecommonimageofanattorneyisonewhowillresorttoanyunethicaltrickto（1）thelawstofithispurposes.Inthemorespecificindustryofcriminallaw,defenseattorneysareoftencriticizedforadvocating（2）defendantswhoare“obviouslyguilty,”thusbecomingroadblocksonthepathto（3）.Muchtothecontrary,（4）,defenseattorneysprovideavaluableservicethatshouldearnthempraise,notscorn.

Whileitistruethateverylawyerwilldoeverything（5）tointerpretthelawsinthemannermostbeneficialtohisclient,suchacharacterizationis（6）limitedtodefenseattorneys.Theprosecutorwilldothesamething,employingallhislegalknowledgeandknow-howtoestablishtheguiltofthedefendant.（7）,thevaguenatureofthelawishighlighted,anditbecomesavirtualnecessityforeachsidetouseeverytool（8）,ontheassumptionthattheothersidewillalsouseeverytoolathis.Thenetresultemergesasapositive,（9）thetricksoftheopposingattorneycanceloneanotherout,leavingonlythetruth,clearerand（10）manipulation,（11）thejury’sconsideration.

Further,thedefenseattorneyisavitalelementoftheAmericanjudicialsystem,（12）withouthimthedefendantwouldstandnochancewhatsoever.Undertheconstitution,eventhemost“obviousguilty”defendants（13）therighttoafairtrial,involvingsomeoneableandwillingtoadvocateonhisbehalf.Ofcourse,therearebadapplesintheindustrywhoare（14）andcarenothingforactualjustice,and（15）onlyconcernsaretheirwallets.Generallyspeaking,however,without（16）,thesystemwouldcrumbleintoameremachineinwhichdefendantsareassumedguilty,withoutachancetoargueorprove（17）,andmanyinnocentpeople（18）withcrimeswouldbeseverelypunishedfortransgressionsthattheydidn’tcommit.

ItisabasicfactthattheadversarialsystemofjusticeintheUnitedStatesisnecessaryinordertoensure（19）andmostunbiasedpresentationandevaluationofthefactspossible.Withoutdefenseattorneys,thatsystemcannotbecarriedout,and（20）alossofthecivillibertiesthatthenationenjoysandtreasures.Tothatend,allofthosewhomakethatprocessareality,includingdefenseattorneys,deserveoursupportandadmiration,notoursuspicionanddisdain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obey

B.break

C.twist

D.adopt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.atbehalfof

B.atthebehalfof

C.onbehalfof

D.onthebehalfof

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.civilliberties

B.justice

C.transgression

D.ethics

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thus

B.furthermore

C.moreover

D.however

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beyondhispower

B.inpower

C.athispower

D.withinhispower

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.bynomeans

B.byanymeans

C.byallmeans

D.bywhatmeans

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Inonerespect

B.Inthisrespect

C.Insomerespects

D.Innorespect

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.attheirdisposal

B.attheirdisposals

C.athisdisposal

D.athisdisposals

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.atwhich

B.onwhich

C.inwhich

D.forwhich

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.fullof

B.fullwith

C.devoidof

D.devoidfrom

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.presentingfor

B.presentedfor

C.presentingto

D.presentedto

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.inwhich

D.forwhich

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.willguarantee

B.guarantee

C.willbeguaranteed

D.areguaranteed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.unethical

C.guilty

D.unbiased

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.who

C.whose

D.where

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.defenseattorneys

B.prosecutors

C.theconstitution

D.defendants

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.further

B.nevertheless

C.otherwise

D.though

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.arefalselycharged

B.werefalselycharged

C.beingfalselycharged

D.falselycharged

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.afair

B.afairer

C.thefairest

D.thefair

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.willresultin

B.wouldresultin

C.willresultat

D.wouldresultat

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obey“服從”；break“打破”；twist“扭曲”；adopt“采取”。句意：律師給人的普遍印象是，不惜使用任何不道德違背法律的手段去達(dá)到自己的目的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。onbehalfof“代表，為了”，為固定搭配。沒有A、C、D搭配，可排除。句意：辯護(hù)律師經(jīng)常因?yàn)榇怼懊黠@有罪”的被告進(jìn)行辯護(hù)而受到批評(píng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（3）邏輯關(guān)系。civilliberties“公民自由”；justice“公平，正義”；transgression“海侵，犯罪”；ethics“倫理學(xué)”。通過關(guān)鍵詞“thusbecomingroadblocks”，可知律師這樣的做法在公平正義的道路上成為了一種障礙，所以空格中應(yīng)該填入正義。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）邏輯關(guān)系。thus“因此”；furthermore“此外，而且”；moreover“而且”；however“然而”。根據(jù)空格前的tothecontrary可知，下文提到的內(nèi)容將與前文相反，構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞however，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）固定搭配。beyondhispower“超出其權(quán)力”；inpower“執(zhí)政，掌權(quán)”；沒有athispower這種搭配，選項(xiàng)C可排除。withinhispower“在權(quán)力范圍之內(nèi)”。句意：然而，事實(shí)是每個(gè)律師都會(huì)盡一切努力在自己的權(quán)力范圍內(nèi)以對(duì)他的當(dāng)事人最有利的方式來闡述法律。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（6）固定搭配。bynomeans“決不”；byanymeans“無論如何”；byallmeans“盡一切辦法”；bywhatmeans“用什么辦法”。句意：這樣的特征決不僅限于辯護(hù)律師，而是符合所有律師。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（7）固定搭配。Inonerespect“在某個(gè)方面”；Inthisrespect“在這方面”；Insomerespects“在一些方面”；Innorespect“毫不，完全不”。句意：檢察官也會(huì)這樣做，利用自己所知道的法律知識(shí)來判定被告有罪。在這個(gè)方面，法律的不明確性得到了強(qiáng)調(diào)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（8）語法題。根據(jù)上文“anditbecomesavirtualnecessityforeachsidetouseeverytool”，可知每一方都必須使用每一種工具。所以是指公訴人和律師兩方，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)their。根據(jù)固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”，可知disposal用單數(shù)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（9）語法題。根據(jù)題意，空格引導(dǎo)的句子為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)閕nthisresult“在這種結(jié)果下”，所以用inwhich引導(dǎo)，在定語從句中作狀語。句意：在這種結(jié)果下，對(duì)方律師的詭計(jì)互相抵消，只留下真相。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）固定搭配。fullof“充滿”；devoidof“缺乏”，沒有B和D項(xiàng)搭配，可排除。句意：只留下真相，更清晰并且不可操控。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（11）固定搭配和語法。presentfor“遞交給……”；presentto“贈(zèng)送，給予”。根據(jù)文章thejury’sconsideration，最終結(jié)果要求陪審團(tuán)共同考慮，所以證據(jù)要被遞交給陪審團(tuán)考慮，要用動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）邏輯關(guān)系。空格前一句提到被告辯護(hù)人是美國司法體系最重要的一個(gè)部分，空格后提到?jīng)]有被告辯護(hù)人，被告就沒有任何機(jī)會(huì)。所以后一句是前一句的原因解釋。inthat后接原因，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（13）邏輯關(guān)系和語法。根據(jù)句意：即使是最明顯的被告也被保證有權(quán)得到公正的審判。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。這里是對(duì)憲法保證公平審判的事實(shí)，不需要用將來時(shí)態(tài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（14）形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“倫理的，道德的”；unethical“不道德的”；guilty“有罪的，內(nèi)疚的”；unbiased“公正的”。句意：這個(gè)行業(yè)里面有些害群之馬，這些人沒有職業(yè)道德，并且不關(guān)心實(shí)際的公正。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（15）語法題。根據(jù)文章意思，空格引導(dǎo)的句子應(yīng)該是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，用來修飾上文提到的那些害群之馬，根據(jù)名詞concerns可知，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用whose在定語從句中作定語。句意：那些人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)只在他們的錢包上。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（16）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文，可知這里是指沒有被告辯護(hù)律師，這一體系將崩潰為一個(gè)簡單的機(jī)器，在這個(gè)機(jī)器里，被告被假定有罪。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（17）邏輯關(guān)系。further“而且，更遠(yuǎn)地”；nevertheless“然而，不過”；otherwise“另外，否則”；though“雖然，盡管”。句意：否則，被告將無機(jī)會(huì)去辯論或證明。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（18）語法題。根據(jù)空格前的people可知，空格應(yīng)該作后置定語修飾people，因?yàn)闊o辜的人們是被指控的，所以存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞作后置定語。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（19）語法題。根據(jù)空格后mostunbiased用到了最高級(jí)，可知and前的空格也相應(yīng)地要用最高級(jí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（20）語法題。根據(jù)文章，“Withoutdefenseattorneys,thatsystemcannotbecarriedout”，可知沒有辯護(hù)律師，這一制度將無法實(shí)施。所以是做出了沒有辯護(hù)律師的假定，可推斷下文空格會(huì)用到虛擬語氣。woulddo表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，句意：將會(huì)導(dǎo)致喪失國家享有和珍視的公民自由。又根據(jù)固定搭配resultin“導(dǎo)致”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Financial

regulators

inBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism"Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism”.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“l(fā)ong-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britainruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe（

）.

2.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate（

）.

3.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe（

）.

4.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments'impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicsactivities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theobstaclestopreventingshort-termism

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目中明確出題段落(AccordingtoParagraph1)及相應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)(onemotiveinimposingthenewrule)，因此，答案來源句則為第一段的第三句(Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution這個(gè)規(guī)則主要目的是讓銀行家為不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)以及修復(fù)公眾對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的信任)，那么答案基本就很容易提取出來。選項(xiàng)中的“senseofresponsibility”則對(duì)應(yīng)到句中的“enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility（增加銀行的責(zé)任），其他的選項(xiàng)則與最佳選項(xiàng)無緣，在定位區(qū)間中沒有相應(yīng)的信息。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的定位信息在“AlfredMarshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句，定位信息里的“thisimpatience”則是回指第二段首句的"short-termism"，故信息點(diǎn)則為"short-termism"，所以最佳選項(xiàng)則為"short-termism"ineconomicactivities，而其他選項(xiàng)在定位信息中未提及。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。此題的定位信息為題干的“transientinvestment”，直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty”，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的褒貶正負(fù)來看indirect、minimal和temporary為中性的表述，只有B選項(xiàng)的adverse為明確的負(fù)面表達(dá)，意思為“不利的”，與原文中的“hinder”對(duì)應(yīng)上。

4.例證題。根據(jù)題干的具體信息定位，美國和法國的例子是用來支撐什么論點(diǎn)。原文的第五、六段則提供了具體的信息，第五段中美國延遲發(fā)放才上任一年左右的高管績效津貼，繼而促進(jìn)緩解“短期主義”盛行的現(xiàn)狀；第六段則提及在法國持股兩年以上者擁有更大的選票權(quán)。所以，最佳選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為“促進(jìn)長期主義的方法”。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標(biāo)題題的信息，所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項(xiàng)里的patience可以對(duì)應(yīng)到全文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主題詞"short-termism"和"long-termism"，corporate本身在文章中出現(xiàn)多次，所以B選項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題，體現(xiàn)主旨大意；其余選項(xiàng)均不能概括全文，故排除。

17.單選題

Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyage2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.changing

B.perfect

C.visible

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)changing“變化的，發(fā)展的”，B項(xiàng)perfect“完美的，最好的”，C項(xiàng)visible“明顯的，看得見的”，D項(xiàng)fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”。句意：然后是探測飛船“航行2號(hào)”獲得的特寫圖像，在幾天之內(nèi)，至少在我們看來，木衛(wèi)二就變成了太陽系中最迷人的世界之一。intriguing在句中表示“迷人的”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.

RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical”stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalabo