考研考博-英語-天津輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening（這些視覺錯(cuò)覺之所以出現(xiàn)，是因?yàn)榇竽X不斷地將身體的信號(hào)與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相匹配，并解釋即將發(fā)生的事情）可知C選項(xiàng)“在大腦中解釋即將發(fā)生的事情”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors（在理想條件下，每個(gè)視錐都能“看到”整個(gè)彩虹光譜的可見色）可知選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.（視桿和視錐沿著視覺神經(jīng)以平均20到25次的脈沖傳遞信息）可知D選項(xiàng)“沿視覺神經(jīng)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.（我們看到一個(gè)圖像的時(shí)間比它實(shí)際出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)一秒。在電影中，靜止的圖像以每秒24幀的速度投射到屏幕上，使我們的眼睛誤以為看到的是一幅連續(xù)不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)的畫面）可知A選項(xiàng)“我們看到的圖像通常比實(shí)際顯示的要長(zhǎng)”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了視網(wǎng)膜中的視桿和視錐細(xì)胞，視桿細(xì)胞主要負(fù)責(zé)夜視，視錐細(xì)胞主要負(fù)責(zé)顏色，因此B選項(xiàng)“告訴我們眼睛器官的不同功能”符合題意。

2.單選題

ForyearsKaufer,anassociateprofessoratU.C.Berkeley,hasbeenworkingonhowstressaffectsthebrainandbody,andthecomplexityofthe（）instincttofightorflee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.military

C.political

D.human

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ethical表示“倫理的，道德的”；B選項(xiàng)military表示“軍事的，軍人的”；C選項(xiàng)political表示“政治的，黨派的”；D選項(xiàng)human表示“人的，人類的”。分析句意可知，這位副教授一直都致力于研究壓力如何影響大腦和身體，以及人類戰(zhàn)斗和逃跑本能的復(fù)雜性。因此human的詞義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.翻譯題

Educationbeginswithteachers.Yetteachingseemstobelosingitsappealformanyofthebestandbrightestcollegestudents:inhighschool,manyofthebeststudentsdecidethattheywanttobeteachers,buttheirrelativesandfriendssoonconvincethemtochangetheirminds.（1）AccordingtoseveralrecentreportsontheshortcomingsofAmericanpublicschooling,teaching'slackofappealforthebrightestcollegestudentsisoneoftheteachingprofession'smostworrisomeproblems.

Manyarticlesonteaching,currentlypopularinnewspapers,magazines,andprofessionaleducationjournals,concentrateonthenegativeaspectsofteaching;theexpression"teacherburnout"iscommonlyascribedtothousandsofthoughtfulanddedicatedteacherswhoareleavingtheprofession.（2）Teacherburnoutiscausedbysuchproblemsasviolenceintheclassroom，vandalism（肆意破壞行為）inadequatesalaries，involuntarytransfers,interferingparents,oversizedclasses,andexcessivepaperwork.Eventhebestteacherscannotsolveachild'sproblems,butmanyofthembelievethepublicexpectsthemto,andtheygiveupteachingindespair.

（3）Despitethemorelimitedfinancialprospects,thedeteriorationoftheAmericanpublic'sattitudetowardteachers,andtheproblemscausedbydisruptivestudents，manyofthebeststudentsconcludethattheywanttopursuecareersintheclassroomafterall.Theyusuallydiscoverthattheywantpersonalfulfillmentfromtheirlife'sworkmorethantheywantmaterialrewards.Eacheventuallychosetobecomeateacher.However,agrowingbodyofevidenceshowsthatsuchstudentsareexceptions,ratherthantherule,inAmerica'smorethan1,200teacher-trainingprograms.Manyteacher-trainingschoolsarebeginningtolookatwaystorecruitthekindofpeoplewhowouldbeinclinedtowardthepositiveaspectsofteaching.Theteachingprofessionhastobecomemoreattractivetogoodstudents.

（4）Prospectiveteacherswillseeincreasedemphasisbynationalteacherorganizations，statecertificationagencies，andlocaldistrictsonimprovingthestatusoftheprofession,aswellasonimprovingteachersalaries.Continuedeffortstoeliminatejobsteachersdothatarenotteacher's—suchaspolicingtherestrooms,hallways,andcafeterias—areimportantforupgradingtheprofession.

Whileteachingisnotawisecareerchoiceforall,teachingisanobleandrewardingprofessionforthosewhoindeedseekpersonalfulfillmentfromtheirlife'swork.（4）Thoughthefirstyearofteachingisfrequentlythemostfrustratingyearinateacher'slife,theexperienceofsolvingproblemsthatdealwithinstruction,students,parents,administrators,andfellowteachersisofimmeasurablevalueforfuturesuccess.

PuttheunderlinedsentencesinthefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】1.根據(jù)最近幾份關(guān)于美國(guó)公立學(xué)校教育缺點(diǎn)的報(bào)告，對(duì)最聰明的大學(xué)生來說，教學(xué)缺乏吸引力是教師行業(yè)最令人擔(dān)憂的問題之一。

2.教師的職業(yè)倦怠是由以下問題引起的:教室里的暴力行為、故意破壞、工資不高、非自愿的調(diào)動(dòng)、家長(zhǎng)的干預(yù)、班級(jí)規(guī)模過大和作業(yè)批改工作過多。

3.盡管教師的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景更加有限，美國(guó)公眾對(duì)教師態(tài)度的惡化，以及破壞性學(xué)生造成的問題，然而許多優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生還是決定想在教室里追求事業(yè)。

4.未來的教師將看到國(guó)家教師組織、國(guó)家認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)和當(dāng)?shù)貙?duì)提高教師職業(yè)地位以及提高教師工資的重視。

5.雖然第一年的教學(xué)往往是教師生涯中最令人沮喪的一年，但解決與指示、學(xué)生、家長(zhǎng)、管理員和同事有關(guān)的問題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)未來的成功具有不可估量的價(jià)值。

4.單選題

Thosewho’veheardofZaneGreyusuallyidentifyhimastheauthorofbest-sellingwesterns,butfewrealizethathewasthecommerciallymostsuccessfulAmericanauthorofthe1920s.Eachyearfrom1915to1924,hehadanewnovelontheannuallistoftop-10bestsellers.RidersofthePurpleSage,TheLightofWesternStars,andTheRainbowTrailarestillpopular,butGrey’sbeststorymaybehisowncolorfulandremarkablylittle-knownlife.

ZaneGreywasborninZanesville,Ohio.Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstern,demandingfather,afarmer’ssonwhohadbecomeasuccessfuldentistinZanesville.Grey’sdelinquencyandpoorrecordinschoolexacerbatedmatters.Then,midwaythroughhisjunioryear,hehadtodropoutofhighschooltohelphisfatherwhosuddenlybecamepoorbypullingteethforneedylocals.

Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities.HechosetheUniversityofPennsylvanianotonlyforitsaccomplishedteam,butalsoforitsdentalschool,whichofferedhimimmediateadmission,sparinghimthetoughundergraduateprogram.Aftergraduation,heconcentratedmoreonbaseballthandentistry,hopingtoreachthemajorleagues,buttonoavail.Heretreatedtoafull-timepracticeinNewYorkCity,butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath.

Duringasummerescapein1900toruralLackawaxenontheupperDelawareRiver,hemetLina“Dolly”Roth,11yearsyounger,aNewYorkdoctor’sdaughterwhoenthusiasticallysupportedhisyearningtobecomeawriter.Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime.Theircross-countryhoneymoontripcarriedthemtotheGrandCanyonatthedawnofitstouristappeal.Greywascaptivatedbythecanyon’snaturalsplendor.Hewouldreturntheretwicemoreformountain-lionhunts，whichinspiredHeritageoftheDesert,hisfirstwesternstory,publishedin1910whenhewas38.Forthenext15years,hereturnedannuallytotheSouthwesttofindnewmaterialformorebooks.

1.Asawriter,ZaneGrey（）.

2.Inhischildhood,ZaneGrey（）.

3.Beforeenteringuniversity,ZaneGrey（）.

4.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,ZaneGreywenttoNewYorkand（）.

5.ZaneGreywasabletowritefulltimemainlybecause（）.

6.ItcanbelearnedthatZaneGrey’sfirstwesternstory（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isstillpopularatthepresenttime

B.isbestknownforhisgloriouslife

C.wrotemuchofhisuniquegrowth

D.showedhispotentialatanearlyage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.livedaliferathereasyandcarefree

B.wasamongthosetameschoolboys

C.wasinbadtermswithhisfather

D.tookaspecialinterestindentistry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.playedinaprofessionalbaseballteam

B.showedthegreatpotentialforbaseball

C.triedhardtoapplyforascholarship

D.begantolearnundergraduatesubjects

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wroteabouthisfrustrations

B.playedinthemajorleagues

C.becameafull-timebaseballplayer

D.foundhisrealinterest

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hehadearnedalotofmoneyfromdentistry

B.hiswifeagreedtoworktosupportthefamily

C.hiswifebackedhimupwithagreatfortune

D.hehadrealizedthehugevaluetobeawriter

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.wasmotivatedbyhistripstotheGrandCanyon

B.wasbasedonhiscross-countrytripwithhiswife

C.depictedhistripstotheSouthwestpartoftheU.S.

D.describedhisannualtripformountain-lionhunts

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到ZaneGrey的三本書至今非常受歡迎，由此可知他本人現(xiàn)在也是非常有名，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句話提到Grey回憶起自己的青年時(shí)代，他與苛刻的父親經(jīng)常發(fā)生沖突（Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstem,demandingfather），由此可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到他在棒球上有很大的天賦，并以此獲得幾所大學(xué)的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金（Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到畢業(yè)后，他更專注于棒球而不是牙科，希望能進(jìn)入大聯(lián)盟，但是沒有成功。他到紐約做全職牙醫(yī)，但是隨后他發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作比對(duì)付齲齒和口臭要好得多（butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath），所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到Grey的妻子繼承了可觀的遺產(chǎn)，讓他能全職寫作（Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到他們?nèi)ゴ髰{谷度蜜月，被峽谷的自然美景迷住，Grey兩次回到那里，這激發(fā)了他的創(chuàng)作靈感，創(chuàng)作了第一部小說。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Noonethoughtthegiganticship______sink,forshehadsixteenwatertightcompartments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldbepossibleto

B.wouldbeableto

C.couldpossibly

D.should

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。could可以表示驚異、不相信等語氣，would表示過去經(jīng)常性的行為或者動(dòng)作，should表假設(shè)、責(zé)任和義務(wù)；前面這個(gè)句子表達(dá)的意思是“沒人能想到這艘巨輪會(huì)沉沒”，這里是一個(gè)驚異的語氣，所以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could最符合語境。句意：誰也沒有想到這艘巨輪會(huì)沉沒，因?yàn)樗?6個(gè)密封艙。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Hisscheduleisjammedwithmeetingsandothersortsofevents;Iverymuchdoubtthathewillhavetimetoattendtheannualdramafestivalonourcampus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jammedwithmeetings

B.verymuchdoubt

C.havetimetoattend

D.onourcampus

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

7.單選題

Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard（1）totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivematerialmusttravelfromitsplaceofmanufacturetothepowerstation.（2）thepowerstationsthemselvesaresolidlybuilt,thecontainerusedfortransportofthematerialarenot.Unfortunately,thereare（3）onlytwomethodsoftransportavailable,（4）roadorrail,andbothofthese（5）closecontactwiththegeneralpublic,（6）theroutesare（7）topassnear,oreventhrough,（8）populatedareas.

Secondly,thereisaproblemofwasters.Allnuclearpowerstationsproducewasteswhich（9）willremainradioactiveforthousandsofyears.Itis（10

）tode-activethesewastes,andsotheymustbestored（11

）oneoftheingeniousbutcumbersomewaysthatscientistshaveinvented.Forexample,theymustbeburiedundertheground（12

）sunkinthesea.However,these（13

）donotsolvetheproblemcompletely,theymerelystoreit,sinceanearth-quakecould（14

）openthecontainerslikenuts.

Thirdly,thereistheproblemofaccidentalexposure（15

）toaleakoranexplosionatthepowerstation.（16

）withtheothertwohazards,thisisnotverylikelyanddoesnotprovideaserious（17

）tothenuclearprogram,（18

）itcanhappen,astheinhabitantsofHarrisburgwilltellyou.

Separately,andduringshortperiods,thesethreetypesofriskarenogreatcauseforconcern.（19

）,though,andespecially（20

）muchlongerperiods,theprobabilityofadisasterisextremelyhigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.connected

C.associated

D.affiliated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hence

B.Although

C.Therefore

D.However

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.regularly

B.typically

C.normally

D.commonly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.suchas

B.forexample

C.forinstance

D.namely

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.concern

B.involve

C.include

D.contain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.although

C.while

D.so

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.close

C.near

D.sure

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.much

B.heavily

C.closely

D.crowdedly

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.inmostcases

B.inthemostcases

C.inanycases

D.insuchcases

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.important

B.improbable

C.impossible

D.incredible

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.by

C.with

D.on

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.than

C.or

D.and

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.ways

C.measures

D.methods

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.crack

B.crash

C.clash

D.collide

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.attached

B.due

C.relevant

D.owing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.contacted

B.compared

C.matched

D.contrasted

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.disapproval

B.disagreement

C.protest

D.objection

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.since

C.so

D.hence

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.Takingtogether

B.Takentogether

C.Havingtakentogether

D.Havingbeentakentogether

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.at

C.over

D.for

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】（1）這里表示與...相關(guān),用relatedto。connectedto指與...相連接；associated后面通常接介詞with；affiliatedto指使...隸屬于。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（2）根據(jù)原文,電站本身是堅(jiān)固的,用于運(yùn)輸材料的集裝箱卻不是。所以這里用Although表轉(zhuǎn)折。Hence和Therefore都表因此；However用在此處句意不通。

（3）根據(jù)原文,不幸的是,只有兩種運(yùn)輸方法。normally表通常地,一般地,通常強(qiáng)調(diào)其正常性；regularly定期地；typically典型地；commonly一般地,普通地,通常強(qiáng)調(diào)共性。所以,選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

（4）namely也就是...,即是...；選項(xiàng)A,B,C都是比如,舉例的意思。根據(jù)上一句,只有兩種運(yùn)輸方法,也就是公路或鐵路運(yùn)輸。不存在舉例的情況,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（5）根據(jù)原文,這兩種運(yùn)輸方法都涉及與公眾的密切接觸。concern比較側(cè)重單純的關(guān)聯(lián)性,而involve指涉及到問題。所以選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

（6）根據(jù)原文,后面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對(duì)上一句的解析說明,所以用since表原因。

（7）boundto為習(xí)慣搭配,表示必然,一定會(huì)。句意：這些路線必然要經(jīng)過人口密集地區(qū)附近。

（8）Heavilypopulatedareas指人口密集地區(qū)。指人口密集用副詞heavily。

（9）inmostcases在大多數(shù)情況下,為固定搭配,沒有定冠詞the。inanycases無論如何；insuchcases在這種情況下。根據(jù)原文,所有的核電站都會(huì)產(chǎn)生廢物,在大多數(shù)情況下,這些廢物在數(shù)千年內(nèi)仍具有放射性。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（10）根據(jù)原文,要使這些廢物失去活性是不可能的。Improbable指不大可能的,未必確定的,不是完全沒有可能；impossible指完全沒有可能,更確切。根據(jù)下文可知,這些廢物只能儲(chǔ)存起來,所以用impossible更符合原文。incredible難以置信的,驚人的。

（11）通過什么樣的方法儲(chǔ)存起來用介詞by。原文指通過科學(xué)家們發(fā)明的一種巧妙但麻煩的方法儲(chǔ)存起來。

（12）根據(jù)原文,埋在地下或者沉入海底,表示并列的關(guān)系,用or。

（13）根據(jù)原文,然而,這些方法并不能完全解決問題,它們只是儲(chǔ)存。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有措施方法的意思,means強(qiáng)調(diào)的是處理問題的手段；way是通用詞,用在本文中意義太寬泛；measures強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)策,措施；method強(qiáng)調(diào)做某件事的具體步驟或程序。所以選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。

（14）考查近義詞辨析。crack破裂,爆裂；crash摔碎,墜落；clash碰撞；collide碰撞。根據(jù)原文,地震會(huì)像堅(jiān)果一樣把容器砸開。地震的沖擊力是很大的,應(yīng)該是猛烈的撞開,所以選項(xiàng)B更適合。

（15）dueto表原因,原文指核電站意外暴露是由于發(fā)生泄漏或爆炸事故。owingto指歸功于,不符合原文。

（16）根據(jù)原文,這里指與其他兩種危險(xiǎn)相比,這種是不太可能的。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（17）disapproval不贊成,不喜歡；disagreement不一致；protest抗議；objection異議,拒絕的理由。句意：也不會(huì)對(duì)核項(xiàng)目提出嚴(yán)重的反對(duì)意見。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（18）根據(jù)原文,正如哈里斯堡的居民會(huì)告訴你的那樣,這是可能發(fā)生的。上文提到說第三種危險(xiǎn)不太可能會(huì)發(fā)生,但不意味著沒有可能,所以用but表轉(zhuǎn)折。

（19）考查分詞。這里的主語不是sb.而是三種風(fēng)險(xiǎn),所以不用-ing形式,而用分詞表示被動(dòng),選項(xiàng)B正確,意為綜合考慮。

（20）Period通常與in搭配,表示在...時(shí)期或周期內(nèi)。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Chancesarethat,wereyoutobeaskedtoimagineavictimoffraud,you’dthinkofalittleoldladybeingcheatedoutofthousandsofpounds—inperson,onthephoneor,increasingly,online.Infact,accordingtoarecentreportbytheBetterBusinessBureauintheUnitedStates,thisisfarfromthecase.

“We’veboughtintostereotypesaboutscamvictims—theyareusuallyseenasvulnerableandelderly,orgullibleandpoorlyeducated,”saysthepaper’sco-author,EmmaFletcher,productmanagerattheBBBInstitute.“Thesestereotypesarestronglyheld—andtheyarewrong.Weareallatrisk,butyoungerandmoreeducatedindividualsareactuallythemostlikelytobescammed.”

Similarly,a2016reportbyNorton,theantiviruscompany,foundthat44percentofmillennialshadbeenthevictimofanonlinecrimeinthepastyear,comparedwithjust16percentofbabyboomers.ResearchbyBarclaysthisyearbacksthisup.TheBarclaysDigitalSafetyIndexhighlightsthatalmosttwothirdsof18-24year-oldshadfallenpreytohackersorviruses.Yetwhenaskedaboutactionstakentopreventfutureattacks,millennialswerelesslikelythantheiroldercounterpartstotakepositiveactions,suchasinstallingananti-virussoftwarefollowingacomputerbreach.

Whyisthis?Afterall,millennialsaremeanttohavedatarunningthroughtheirveins.Thereareseveralreasons.Oneiswhatisknownasoptimismbias—theideathatotherpeoplemightbemorevulnerablethanyouandthatyouknowbetter.YoungerpeopleareusuallymoreknowledgeableaboutITthanthoseintheoldergenerations.But,perversely,thismakesthemlesslikelytoheedadviceaboutstayingsafe,whereas,perhapssurprisingly,olderpeoplearemoreinclinedtolisten.

Butthisisnottheonlyreason.Youngerpeoplespendfarmoretimeonline.Theyshopmorethere(meaningtheircarddetailsareenteredmoreoftenandstoredinnumerousdatabases)andtheysharemuchmorepersonalinformationonline.AccordingtoOfcom’s2016MediaUseandAttitudesreport,morethan90percentofthoseaged16-34havesocial-mediaaccounts.Forthoseagedbetween55and64,thisfiguredropsto51percent.Forthose65andover,it’s30percent.

Interestinglythough,accordingtotheOfficeofNationalStatistics,olderpeoplearemorelikelytobevictimsofrepeatfraud.Thismaybebecausetheytendtobemoretrusting.ResearchattheUniversityofCaliforniasuggeststhatthisisn’tjustbecausetheygrewupinmoreinnocenttimes.Rather,age-relatedchangesinthebrainmeanthataspeoplegetolder,theytendtotrustmoreandquestionless.

42.Thebeliefthatoldwomenaremorelikelytobecheatedis________.

43.The2016reportbyNortonmentionedinParagraph3showsthat________.

44.WecanlearnfromtheresearchbyBarclaysthat________.

45.AccordingtoParagraph4,youngerpeople’soptimismbiasreferstotheirideathat________.

46.InParagraph5,thedecreaseofthenumberofoldpeople’ssocial-mediaaccountsexplainswhytheelderly________.

47.AccordingtotheresearchbytheUniversityofCalifornia,olderpeoplearemoretrustingbecausethey________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provedtobewrong

B.confirmedbyasurvey

C.changingovertheyears

D.sharedbybothgenders

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.youngpeoplearelesslikelytouseantivirussoftwarethantheelderly

B.youngpeoplearemorelikelytobecheatedonlinethantheeldergeneration

C.onlinecheatingiscommoninthe21stcentury

D.youngpeoplearemorelikelytobecheatedonlinethaninperson

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itsresearchresultsechothoseofNortonresearchin2016

B.mostoftheonlinefraudvictimsarebetweentheagesof18-24

C.itisofgreatimportancetoinstallanti-virussoftwaretopreventfraud

D.theyoungergenerationarelikelytotakecounteractionsagainstfraud

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyaremoreknowledgeablethantheoldergeneration

B.theyareguardedbymoreInternetprotection

C.theyarestrongerthanothers

D.theyarelesslikelytofallvictimstofrauds

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aremorelikelytosufferfromrepeatfraudonline

B.experiencemoreonlinescamsthanyoungpeople

C.leavelesspersonalinformationonlinethantheyoung

D.spendfarlesstimeshoppingonlinethantheyoung

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.weretaughttobeinnocentwhentheyweregrowingup

B.sufferfromage-relatedchangesastheygetold

C.aremoreexperiencedinjudgingpeople

D.enjoycommunicatingwithpeoplebothinpersonandonline

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】42.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebeliefthatoldwomenaremorelikelytobecheatedis________.認(rèn)為老年婦女更容易被騙的觀點(diǎn)________。

A.provedtobewrongA.被證明是錯(cuò)誤的

B.confirmedbyasurveyB.被一項(xiàng)調(diào)查所證實(shí)

C.changingovertheyearsC.多年來一直在變化

D.sharedbybothgendersD.兩種性別都有

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞oldwomen可以定位到文章第一段“如果讓你想象（imagine）一個(gè)詐騙的受害者，你可能會(huì)想到一個(gè)被騙走數(shù)千英鎊的小老太太（alittleoldlady）——不管是當(dāng)面、在電話中或者越來越多在網(wǎng)上受騙的情況。事實(shí)上，根據(jù)美國(guó)商業(yè)改善局最近的一份報(bào)告表明，情況遠(yuǎn)非如此（farfromthecase）?！保f明在人們的想象中，老年婦女更容易上當(dāng)受騙，但美國(guó)商業(yè)改善局的報(bào)告表明這一觀點(diǎn)是不對(duì)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“被證明是錯(cuò)誤的”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“被一項(xiàng)調(diào)查所證實(shí)”，文章說的是這一觀點(diǎn)被證明錯(cuò)誤，而不是被證明正確，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“多年來一直在變化”和D選項(xiàng)“兩種性別都有”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

43.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

The2016reportbyNortonmentionedinParagraph3showsthat________.第三段中提到的諾頓公司2016年的報(bào)告顯示________。

A.youngpeoplearelesslikelytouseantivirussoftwarethantheelderlyA.年輕人使用殺毒軟件的可能性比老年人低

B.youngpeoplearemorelikelytobecheatedonlinethantheeldergenerationB.年輕人比長(zhǎng)輩更容易在網(wǎng)上受騙

C.onlinecheatingiscommoninthe21stcenturyC.在21世紀(jì)，網(wǎng)上詐騙很普遍

D.youngpeoplearemorelikelytobecheatedonlinethaninpersonD.年輕人在網(wǎng)上受騙的可能性比當(dāng)面受騙的可能性大

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Norton可以定位到文章第三段第一句“同樣，殺毒軟件公司諾頓2016年的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，在過去的一年里，百分之四十四的千禧一代（millennials）是網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的受害者，而嬰兒潮一代（babyboomers）的比例僅為百分之十六。”，千禧一代指的是年輕人，嬰兒潮一代指的是老年人，說明年輕人比老年人在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上受騙的比例要多。因此B選項(xiàng)“年輕人比長(zhǎng)輩更容易在網(wǎng)上受騙”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“年輕人使用殺毒軟件的可能性比老年人低”，這是巴克萊的研究報(bào)告結(jié)果，而不是諾頓公司的，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“在21世紀(jì)，網(wǎng)上詐騙很普遍”，這份報(bào)告只顯示了過去一年的結(jié)果，不能說明在21世紀(jì)都很普遍，屬于推理過度；

D選項(xiàng)“年輕人在網(wǎng)上受騙的可能性比當(dāng)面受騙的可能性大”，文章中沒有提及在網(wǎng)上受騙和當(dāng)面受騙可能性的對(duì)比，屬于無中生有。

44.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WecanlearnfromtheresearchbyBarclaysthat________.我們可以從巴克萊的研究中得知，________。

A.itsresearchresultsechothoseofNortonresearchin2016A.其研究結(jié)果與2016年諾頓的研究結(jié)果相呼應(yīng)

B.mostoftheonlinefraudvictimsarebetweentheagesof18-24B.大部分網(wǎng)上詐騙的受害者年齡在十八至二十四歲之間

C.itisofgreatimportancetoinstallanti-virussoftwaretopreventfraudC.安裝殺毒軟件對(duì)防止詐騙是非常重要的

D.theyoungergenerationarelikelytotakecounteractionsagainstfraudD.年輕一代有可能采取反欺詐的措施

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Barclays可以定位到文章第三段第二句“巴克萊今年的研究也支持這一點(diǎn)（backsthisup）?！保瑃his指代的是上文諾頓公司的研究結(jié)果，說明巴克萊的研究報(bào)告支持諾頓公司的報(bào)告。因此A選項(xiàng)“其研究結(jié)果與2016年諾頓的研究結(jié)果相呼應(yīng)”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“大部分網(wǎng)上詐騙的受害者年齡在十八至二十四歲之間”，文章只是說十八至二十四歲的人之中成為受害者的比例大，并不代表大部分的受害者都在這個(gè)年齡段之間，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“安裝殺毒軟件對(duì)防止詐騙是非常重要的”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“年輕一代有可能采取反欺詐的措施”，文章中說的是年長(zhǎng)的人更容易采取措施，屬于反向干擾。

45.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoParagraph4,youngerpeople’soptimismbiasreferstotheirideathat________.根據(jù)第四段，年輕人的樂觀主義偏見是指他們認(rèn)為________。

A.theyaremoreknowledgeablethantheoldergenerationA.他們比老一代人更有知識(shí)

B.theyareguardedbymoreInternetprotectionB.他們受到更多的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)保護(hù)措施

C.theyarestrongerthanothersC.他們比別人更強(qiáng)大

D.theyarelesslikelytofallvictimstofraudsD.他們不太可能成為欺詐行為的受害者

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞optimismbias可以定位到文章第四段第四句“一種是所謂的樂觀主義偏見（optimismbias）——認(rèn)為其他人可能比你更脆弱，而你知道得更多。”，說明樂觀主義偏見指的是認(rèn)為其他人可能更容易上當(dāng)受騙，而對(duì)自己心里有數(shù)，不可能成為受害者。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們不太可能成為欺詐行為的受害者”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們比老一代人更有知識(shí)”是年輕人產(chǎn)生樂觀主義偏見的原因，而不是樂觀主義偏見的具體內(nèi)容，屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“他們受到更多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的保護(hù)措施”和C選項(xiàng)“他們比別人更強(qiáng)大”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

46.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

InParagraph5,thedecreaseofthenumberofoldpeople’ssocial-mediaaccountsexplainswhytheelderly________.在第五段中，老年人的社交媒體賬戶數(shù)量的減少解釋了為什么老年人________。

A.aremorelikelytosufferfromrepeatfraudonlineA.更有可能在網(wǎng)上重復(fù)受騙

B.experiencemoreonlinescamsthanyoungpeopleB.比年輕人經(jīng)歷更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙

C.leavelesspersonalinformationonlinethantheyoungC.在網(wǎng)上留下的個(gè)人信息比年輕人少

D.spendfarlesstimeshoppingonlinethantheyoungD.花在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的時(shí)間比年輕人少得多

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞social-mediaaccounts可以定位到文章第五段，本段中說到“年輕人花在網(wǎng)上的時(shí)間要多得多。他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的次數(shù)更多，他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上分享的個(gè)人信息也更多（muchmorepersonalinformation）?！保f明老年人的社交媒體賬號(hào)比年輕人的要少得多，所以暴露的個(gè)人信息也就少得多。因此C選項(xiàng)“在網(wǎng)上留下的個(gè)人信息比年輕人少”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“更有可能在網(wǎng)上重復(fù)受騙”，這是因?yàn)樗麄兏菀仔湃蝿e人，和社交媒體賬號(hào)的多少無關(guān)，屬于答非所問；

B選項(xiàng)“比年輕人經(jīng)歷更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙”，文章中說的是年輕人更容易經(jīng)歷網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“花在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的時(shí)間比年輕人少得多”，更多的網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物意味著信用卡信息更容易被記錄，和社交媒體賬號(hào)無關(guān)，屬于答非所問。

47.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtotheresearchbytheUniversityofCalifornia,olderpeoplearemoretrustingbecausethey________.根據(jù)加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究，老年人更容易信任，因?yàn)樗麄僟_______。

A.weretaughttobeinnocentwhentheyweregrowingupA.在他們成長(zhǎng)過程中被教導(dǎo)要純潔

B.sufferfromage-relatedchangesastheygetoldB.隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他們受到與年齡有關(guān)的變化的影響

C.aremoreexperiencedinjudgingpeopleC.在判斷人方面更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)

D.enjoycommunicatingwithpeoplebothinpersonandonlineD.喜歡與人當(dāng)面和網(wǎng)上交流

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞UniversityofCalifornia可以定位到文章第六段第三、四句“加利福尼亞大學(xué)（UniversityofCalifornia）的研究表明，這不僅僅是因?yàn)椋╰hisisn’tjustbecause）他們成長(zhǎng)在更加純真的時(shí)代。相反，大腦中與年齡相關(guān)的變化意味著，隨著人們變老，他們傾向于更多地信任，更少地質(zhì)疑（tendtotrustmoreandqu