考研考博-英語-天津音樂學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津音樂學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Anemergingawarenessofthecostsofsprawlandtheroleofgovernmentpoliticsinfacilitatingsprawlistransformingmetropolitanareapoliticsaroundthecountry.Electedofficialsfromcitiesandinnersuburbs;downtowncorporate,philanthropic,andcivicinterests;minorityandlow-incomecommunityrepresentatives;environmentalists;slow-growthadvocatesinthenewsuburbs;farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.InChicagotheCommercialClub,anorganizationoftopregionalbusinessleaders,hasreleasedtheChicagoMetropolis2020report,anambitiousplanformeetingthatarea’smyriadchallengesinthecomingdecades.InOhioelectedofficialsfrominnersuburbsaroundClevelandarejoiningforceswithfarmpreservationconstituenciestopushstategrowthmanagementreforms.InMarylandacoalitionofenvironmentalists(theChesapeakeBayFoundation),businessleadersandinner-cityadvocatesareleadingstatewideeffortstocurbsuburbansprawlandpromotereinvestmentinolderestablishedcommunities.InMissouriacoalitionofeightyProtestantandCatholicchurchesisleadingthefighttopromotesmartergrowthintheSi.Louisarea.

Thesenascentcoalitionsreachpastcitylimitsandcrosstraditionalconstituencylines.Themotivationsbehindthesecoalitionsdiffer.Groupsthataredrivenbyaconcernforequityandtheburdenofconcentratedpovertythatcitiesandinnersuburbsmustbearpushfortaxreformsthatwouldreducefiscaldisparitiesamongjurisdictions.Coalitionsconcernedaboutrunawaygrowthadvocatecurbsonsprawlandtrytodirectinfrastructureinvestmenttoolderestablishedareas.Bothkindsofcoalitionsseekmetropolitancollaborationtosolvesuchcross-jurisdictionalproblemsastransportation,environmentalquality,watertreatment,andworkforceandeconomicdevelopment.Thesereformsaremutuallyreinforcing.Mayorswhocareabouttax-baseequitymayfindcommoncausewithno-growthadvocatesintheoutersuburbs.Environmentalistsandruralconstituenciespushingtoconserveopenspaceandfarmlandunderstandthatastrongerurbancoreisintheirinterest.Asonewouldexpect,thevariouscoalitionsencompassdiverseintereststhatreflectthenatureoftheirmetropolitanareas.

Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues.LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.Invirtualrevoltovercongestedroads,overcrowdedschools,andlossofopenspace,citizensofoutersuburbancommunitiesofsuchfast-growingmetropolitanareasasnorthernVirginiaandSeattlehavepushedcountygovernmentstoincreasedeveloperfees,scalebackexistingplansforresidentialgrowth,andbuylandtopreserveopenspace.Often,however,therecoalitionsfindthatpoweroverlanduse,welfare,housingtaxpolicy,andlocalgovernanceisexercisedinstatecapitalsandWashington,D.C.

Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.Theyhaveembracedlandusereformstomanagegrowthatthemetropolitanfringe.Theyhavebeguntosteerinfrastructureinvestmentandotherresourcestoolderestablishedareas.Theyhaverestructuredtaxestopoolresourcesamongjurisdictions.Andtheyhaveauthorizednewformsofmetropolitangovernancetohandlesuchcross-jurisdictionalissuesastransportation,environmentalprotections,wastemanagement,andeconomicdevelopment.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Whatisthemajorproblemwithcitydevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?

3.ThecoalitionsmaybeconcernedwithallofthefollowingissuesEXCEPT（）.

4.Inparagraph3,thesentence“Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues”meansthenewmetropolitancoalitionsare（）.

5.Thesuccessofthenew“metropolitics”willdependaloton（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheRiseofMetropolitanPoliticsintheUnitedStates

B.CityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

C.TheRoleofCoalitionsinCityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

D.MetropolitanReformsintheUnitedState

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictinginterestsincitiesandinnersuburbs.

B.Governmentpolicyconcerningcitiesandinnersuburbs.

C.Irregularanduncontrolledspreadingofsuburbs.

D.Unbalancedgrowthofvariouspartsofcities.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.povertyelimination

B.taxpolicy

C.rejuvenationofinnercities

D.spaceexploration

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.turningadeafeartotransportationandlanduseissues

B.takingpartinthedebateontransportationandlanduseissues

C.havinganimpactontransportationandlanduseissues

D.redefiningtransportationandlanduseissues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.governanceinnovation

B.jurisdictionparticipation

C.landreform

D.olderestablishedareas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章第一段主要列舉的大量的實(shí)例說明新興的聯(lián)盟正在形成。第二段主要提到了這些新興聯(lián)盟的任務(wù)和工作。第三段講到了新興聯(lián)盟在交通和土地使用問題上發(fā)揮作用。最后一段主要表達(dá)了政府也開始關(guān)注這些社會(huì)上的新興力量。所以正篇文章圍繞新興的聯(lián)盟展開。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.”，可知農(nóng)民和農(nóng)村活動(dòng)人士都意識(shí)到，不協(xié)調(diào)的郊區(qū)擴(kuò)張會(huì)帶來不必要的成本。所以城市發(fā)展的問題在于郊區(qū)不協(xié)調(diào)而不受控制的擴(kuò)張。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…arechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，可知他們選擇修復(fù)現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，投資公共交通，保護(hù)開放空間，而不是修建更多的道路?？膳袛喑鏊麄冴P(guān)心的問題是關(guān)于保留空間，而不是空間的探索利用。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，列舉了查塔努加、波特蘭和圣路易斯的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在交通和土地方面的措施，進(jìn)一步說明了新城市聯(lián)盟對(duì)交通和土地利用問題方面產(chǎn)生影響。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.”，可知幾個(gè)州府已經(jīng)意識(shí)到新都市政治的力量，并正在采取各種改革措施來給予支持。然后下文繼續(xù)列舉并介紹了州府采取的改革和管理措施。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補(bǔ)足”；B:implement“實(shí)施”；C:;compliment“恭維”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通過調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時(shí)間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

3.單選題

ThedecisiontocallitquitsbyMr.Grimm,ofStatenIsland―perhapsbestknownforthreateningtobreakareporterinhalfand（）aCapitolHillbalcony—cameafteraconversationonMondaywiththeHousespeaker,JohnA.Boehner,whichasourceclosetothespeakerconfirmed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.throwhimoff

B.throwinghiminto

C.throwinghimselfoff

D.throwhimselfinto

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)空格前的tobreak可判斷，空格應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞圓形，和break構(gòu)成并列成分，選項(xiàng)B和C可排除。固定搭配throwoff“扔開，拋開”，接賓語用賓格形式，所以用him，句意：斯塔頓島的格林姆先生-或許是因?yàn)橥{將一名記者將他劈成兩半后從國(guó)會(huì)山的陽臺(tái)扔下而最出名。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

中國(guó)發(fā)展已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成就，但我們清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，中國(guó)還是最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(percapitaGDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有較大差距。經(jīng)濟(jì)正在進(jìn)行提質(zhì)增效，但仍然存在著很多制約發(fā)展的體制和機(jī)制(systemicandinstitutional)障礙。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)更大更好的發(fā)展，到21世紀(jì)中葉進(jìn)入中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家行列，關(guān)鍵是堅(jiān)持走改革創(chuàng)新之路，進(jìn)一步解放思想，把人民群眾的創(chuàng)造潛能充分激發(fā)出來，使整個(gè)社會(huì)充滿生機(jī)活力，形成支撐發(fā)展源源不斷的動(dòng)力。

【答案】Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinitsdevelopment.ButwearefullyawarethatChinaisstillthelargestdevelopingcountry.ItspercapitaGDPisnothighintheworldranking,anditslevelofscienceandtechnologylagsfarbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.Theeconomyisimprovinginqualityandefficiency,buttherearestillsystemicandinstitutionalobstaclestodevelopment.Toachievegreaterandbetterdevelopmentandjointheranksofmedium-developedcountriesbythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thekeyforChinaistostayonthepathofreformandinnovation,furtheremancipatethemind,fullyunleashthecreativepotentialofthepeople,invigoratethewholesociety,andcreateasteadystreamofdrivingforcefordevelopment.

5.單選題

Thesecretary（

）theforeignministerofaninterviewhewastogivethatafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reminded

B.reassured

C.consulted

D.insured

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remind意為“提醒，使想起”，remindsb.ofsth.意為“提醒某人某事”；reassure意為“使……安心，打消……的疑慮”；consult意為“商議，商量”；insure意為“保證”。

句意：秘書提醒外交部長(zhǎng)那天下午他要進(jìn)行一次采訪。

6.單選題

Inearly19thcenturyAmerica,careforthementallyillwasalmostnon-existent:theafflictedwereusuallyrelegatedtoprisons,almshouses,orinadequatesupervisionbyfamilies.Treatment,ifprovided,paralleledothermedicaltreatmentsofthetime,includingbloodlettingandpurgatives.However,inawaveofconcernfortheoppressed,sometookaction.Amongthese,DorotheaDixwastheleadingcrusaderfortheestablishmentofstate-supportedmentalasylums.Throughherefforts,thefirststatehospitalsfortheinsanewerebuiltinNewJerseyandPennsylvania.Sheandotherreformerssoughthumane,individualizedcare,withtherichandthepoorhousedtogethertoinsurehighstandardsforall.Themovementwasgeneratedbysocialreform,butthroughoutthecentury,mentalillnesswasprobedandanalyzed,and“cures”prescribedbyboththescientificandlaycommunities.“Moraltreatment”wasthepredominatingphilosophytocuretheinsane.

Thissystemwasdevelopedinlate18thcenturyEurope,andbyBenjaminRushintheUnitedStates.Itchallengedthedemonicexplanationsforinsanityandemphasizedtheroleofenvironmentindeterminingcharacter:improperexternalconditionscouldinducederangement.The“moraltreatment”systemwasoptimisticthatanappropriateenvironmentcouldfacilitatecure,especiallyforthosewithacute(notchronic)afflictions.Essentialtothistheorywasaphysiologicalbasis/formentaldisorder:insanitywascausedbybraindamage.Thebrain'ssurfacewassoftandmalleableandphysicallyalteredbyoutwardinfluence.Thisideawascloselyrelatedtophrenology,whichassignedspecificfacultiestosectionsofthebrain.

Thenotionthatmentalillnessresultedfromphysicalimpairmentwasrarelychallenged,butthenatureandtreatmentofailmentswerecontinuallydebated.Tofindphysicalevidenceformentaldeficiencies,autopsiesperformedonmentalpatientstodiscoverlesionsorotherabnormalities.Althoughprogresswasmadeinthediagnosisofsomaticdiseasesliketumorssyphiliticderangement,theseeffortswerefrustratingandsubjective.Alsocontroversialwasthefateofthechronicallyversusacutelyill:thedifferencesbetweenthem,whethertheyshouldbehousedtogether,andwhetherthechronicallyillshouldbetreatedatall.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Accordingtoparagraph1,themovementtoestablishstate-supportedmentalasylumswasmotivatedbyconcernfor（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemethodsusedin“moraltreatment”were

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,phrenologywas

（

）.

5.Autopsieswereperformedonmentalpatients（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Careofthementallyill

B.Theinfluenceof“moraltreatment”

C.TheinfluenceofDorotheaDixandBenjaminRush

D.Socialandmedicalreform

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inadequatecarebyfamilies

B.socialreform

C.theeffectsofmedicaltreatment

D.thosewhowerenotmentallyill

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.controversial

B.accepted

C.proven

D.dangerous

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.neververypopular

B.atheoryaboutdeterminingaperson'scharacter

C.acauseofmentalillness

D.atheoryaboutaperson'sbrain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tofindevidenceformoraltreatmenttheory

B.fordiagnosisofmentalillness

C.aspartoftreatment

D.onacuteratherthanchronicpatients

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段首先指出早期的美國(guó)對(duì)精神病人的照顧是不存在的，接下來的段落則是探討精神疾病的治療方法。由此可知，本文主要講述的是對(duì)精神疾病的關(guān)注，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Themovementwasgeneratedbysocialreform...”這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)是由社會(huì)改革引發(fā)的……所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thenotionthatmentalillnessresultedfromphysicalimpairmentwasrarelychallenged,butthenatureandtreatmentofailmentswerecontinuallydebated.”精神疾病是由身體損傷引起的這一概念很少受到挑戰(zhàn)，但對(duì)疾病的性質(zhì)和治療一直存在爭(zhēng)議。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thisideawascloselyrelatedtophrenology,whichassignedspecificfacultiestosectionsofthebrain.”這一想法與顱相學(xué)密切相關(guān)，顱相學(xué)將大腦分為各個(gè)不同的機(jī)制。由此可知，顱相學(xué)是關(guān)于人類大腦的理論。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Tofindphysicalevidenceformentaldeficiencies,autopsiesperformedonmentalpatientstodiscoverlesionsorotherabnormalities.”為了尋找精神缺陷身體上的證據(jù)，對(duì)精神病人進(jìn)行尸檢以發(fā)現(xiàn)病變或其他異常。由此可知，對(duì)精神病人驗(yàn)尸是為精神治療理論尋找證據(jù)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ApaperpublishedinNatureinJulyfoundthatEstonia(愛沙尼亞)hadoneofthehighestratesofforestlossinEurope.TherehadbeenarapidincreaseinforestharvestingacrossmanyEuropeancountries,theauthorsofthestudyfound,whichseemedbroadlylinkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts.

Worldwide,astheareacoveredbyforestshasdecreasedbymorethan440millionacressince1990,treeplantationshaveincreasedbymorethan300millionacres.Forestsareincreasinglybeingconvertedintoindustrialtreefields—andtinyEstoniahasbecomeapointedcasestudyinthisglobaltransformation.ThelossofforestscutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition.

TheEstonianCulturalAssociationlists80sacredsitesthathavebeenclearedbyindustrialloggers.Theyhavemapped1,200additionalsites,manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection,puttingthematriskofbeinglogged.Manyofthesitesareinold-growthforests,whichmakeupabout2percentofEstonia’sremainingforestcover.

Thereisdebateabouttheaccuracyofthemap;theEstonianHeritageConservationAgencyhasnotadoptedit.ButattheheartofEstonianculture,liestheideaoftheforestasanactivepresence,athinghumansdonotcreatebutrather“getoutofthewayof”.Therespectfornaturehereispowerful.

Asforeigninvestmentandlogisticalsupportpouredin,Estoniansdrivingthecountry’shighwaysbegantoseeharvestermachinesontheedgeoftheforests,pullingtreesoutlikegrass.Intheirplacehavecomeevenlyspacedrowsofpineandspruceplantedfortheglobalmarket,areplacementoftheforestwithsomethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable,asEstonianecologistAskoLohmushassaid.

9.Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.

10.TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.

11.WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?

12.Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reduceddeforestation

B.risingneedoftimber

C.deterioratingenvironment

D.attackingofinsects

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenationaleconomy

B.theworkingopportunities

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforces

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritage

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremained

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareenvironmentallyadapted

B.theyareeconomicallyefficient

C.theyrequirelesslandandwater

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，歐洲的森林損失似乎與____有關(guān)。

A.reduceddeforestationA.減少森林砍伐

B.risingneedoftimberB.木材需求上升

C.deterioratingenvironmentC.環(huán)境惡化

D.attackingofinsectsD.昆蟲的攻擊

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forestlossinEurope定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“許多歐洲國(guó)家的森林采伐迅速增加，這似乎與對(duì)木材產(chǎn)品日益增長(zhǎng)的需求密切相關(guān)（linkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts）?！庇纱丝芍珺選項(xiàng)“木材需求上升”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“減少森林砍伐”，原文并未提及，根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷可知，減少森林砍伐有利于保護(hù)森林，而不是造成森林損失，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境惡化”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“昆蟲的攻擊”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.森林損失對(duì)愛沙尼亞（Estonia）的影響主要體現(xiàn)在____。

A.thenationaleconomyA.國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)

B.theworkingopportunitiesB.工作機(jī)會(huì)

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforcesC.政治力量的平衡

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritageD.歷史文化遺產(chǎn)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forestloss和Estonia定位到原文第二段。本段最后一句提到“森林的消失深深影響著愛沙尼亞的歷史和傳統(tǒng)（cutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition）?！庇纱丝芍?，森林損失對(duì)愛沙尼亞的影響主要體現(xiàn)在D選項(xiàng)“歷史文化遺產(chǎn)”上。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)”，原文雖然提到森林損失與木材需求上升有關(guān)，但因此認(rèn)為森林損失對(duì)愛沙尼亞的影響主要體現(xiàn)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)上，理由并不充分，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“工作機(jī)會(huì)”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“政治力量的平衡”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?愛沙尼亞文化協(xié)會(huì)為什么會(huì)擔(dān)心？

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.A.因?yàn)橛幸磺Ф嗵幍刂繁粴А?/p>

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremainedB.因?yàn)楸Ａ粝聛淼脑忌诌h(yuǎn)少于十分之一。

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.C.因?yàn)榇蟛糠稚譀]有得到官方的保護(hù)。

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.D.因?yàn)樵S多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞EstoniaCulturalAssociation定位到原文第三段。本段第二句提到“他們又繪制了1200個(gè)地點(diǎn)，其中很多都沒有正式的保護(hù)措施（manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection），使它們面臨被砍伐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！庇纱丝芍?，大部分的森林還沒有受到正式的保護(hù)，面臨被砍伐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榇蟛糠稚譀]有得到官方的保護(hù)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橛幸磺Ф嗵幍刂繁粴А?，可定位到原文第三段第一句，該句提到“愛沙尼亞文化協(xié)會(huì)列出了80個(gè)被工業(yè)伐木工清除的圣地。”由此可知，被毀的地址是80個(gè)，而不是一千多處，原文一千多處是他們另外繪制的一些地址，不是被毀的森林地址，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楸Ａ粝聛淼脑忌诌h(yuǎn)少于十分之一”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，該句提到“許多遺址位于原始森林中，這些森林大約占愛沙尼亞剩余森林覆蓋面積的2%”，由此可知，原文是說，愛沙尼亞現(xiàn)存的原始森林，占森林覆蓋面積的2%，而不是說只有2%的原始森林保留下來了，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵S多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.種植松樹和云杉的原因是____。

A.theyareenvironmentallyadaptedA.它們能適應(yīng)環(huán)境

B.theyareeconomicallyefficientB.它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益

C.theyrequirelesslandandwaterC.它們需要更少的土地和水

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiodD.它們生長(zhǎng)周期更短

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pinesandspruces定位到原文最后一段。本段最后一句提到“愛沙尼亞生態(tài)學(xué)家AskoLohmus說，取而代之的是為全球市場(chǎng)種植的一排排均勻分布的松樹和云杉，是更簡(jiǎn)單、更有利可圖的森林（somethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable）?！庇纱丝芍?，種植松樹和云杉主要是為了謀取更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，B選項(xiàng)“它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們能適應(yīng)環(huán)境”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡(jiǎn)單，但是無從得知是否是更能適應(yīng)環(huán)境，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它們需要更少的土地和水”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡(jiǎn)單，但是無從得知是否是因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰俚耐恋睾退?，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“它們生長(zhǎng)周期更短”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡(jiǎn)單，但是無從得知是否是因?yàn)樗鼈兩L(zhǎng)周期更短，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

8.單選題

Socialtensionsamongadultfactionscanbeadjustedbypolitics,butadolescentsandchildrenhavenosuch（）forresolvingtheirconflictwiththeexclusiveworldofadults.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attitude

B.mechanism

C.justification

D.opportunity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。attitude態(tài)度，看法；mechanism機(jī)制，原理，途徑；justification理由，辯護(hù)。；opportunity機(jī)會(huì)。nosuch與前半句的politics對(duì)應(yīng)，politics在句中屬于解決問題的方法，故后半句用mechanism。答案B。句意：成人派系之間的社會(huì)緊張關(guān)系可以通過政治來調(diào)整，但是青少年和兒童沒有這樣的（）來解決他們與成人世界的沖突。、

9.單選題

Thelocalresidentswereunhappyaboutthecurfewinthisregionanddecidedto（）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defy

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。defy“藐視；公然反抗”；disguise“偽裝”；disgrace“給……丟臉”；distress“使背痛；使貧困”。根據(jù)residentswereunhappyaboutthecurfew“居民對(duì)宵禁不滿”，可知他們決定“反抗”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Somewomen______agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustmake

B.shouldhavemade

C.wouldmake

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：有些婦女本可以在工作中獲得高薪而不是呆在家里，但她們?yōu)榱思彝ザ鴽Q定不工作。mustdo“必須做某事”；shouldhavedone“過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做”；woulddo“過去將會(huì)做某事”；couldhavedone“過去本能夠做某事卻未做”。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是過去本可以工作卻沒有去工作，D選項(xiàng)couldhavemade符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Forsomewomen,homemakingis______tohavingacareer,forothers,raisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirhomesisthemostgratifyingoflife’scallings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slavish

B.fawning

C.subservient

D.subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)slavish表示“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”，B項(xiàng)fawning表示“奉承的，恭維的，討好的”，指通過諂媚和奉承來獲得注意和贊賞，C項(xiàng)subservient表示“屈從的，奉承的，恭順的”，指某人非常愿意服從別人，D項(xiàng)subordinate表示“從屬的，隸屬的，次要的”。句意：對(duì)于一些女性來說，家政是比事業(yè)更重要的事情，而對(duì)于另一些女性來說，養(yǎng)家和照顧家庭是生活中最令人滿足的召喚。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

The（）ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。segregation“隔絕、分離'speficiation“規(guī)格、說明書”;spectrum“光譜、波段”；subscription“捐獻(xiàn)、訂閱、定金、簽署”。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：把那些有天賦的孩子們分離到加速班的舉措將會(huì)在下周根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)進(jìn)行。

13.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressions

B.complications

C.foundations

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impressions“印象，觀感”；B選項(xiàng)complications“并發(fā)癥”；C選項(xiàng)foundations“基礎(chǔ)，房建”；D選項(xiàng)conceptions“懷孕，概念，設(shè)想”。句意：來自不同文化的人對(duì)世界有不同的（）。這句話表達(dá)的意思是“不同的人對(duì)世界有不同的看法”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfiilnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenLong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI'mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto"reassess"thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict-nosurprise-wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-fellyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed-byhisadmirers,remember-as“nonjudgmental.”“Unmoralistic.”“Comfortablewithambiguity”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall’

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic-approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,

Compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

HishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We'vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincolntheemancipatorandtheracistthestoicphilosopher,theChristian.Theatheist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What'softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializesfromacenturyago—andthroughthem.Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahintofwheretofindhim.

TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe'veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

1.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebrationisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyear's?

3.Intheauthor'sopinionthecounter-conference（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled.

B.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued.

C.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.

D.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars.

B.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective.

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions.

D.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.conformstotraditionalimages.

B.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship.

C.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln.

D.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

B.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段,接下來一段將今年的慶?；顒?dòng)與1909年100年紀(jì)念的時(shí)候相比較”。也就是200周年的紀(jì)念一點(diǎn)都比不上1909年的。A和B項(xiàng)都含在了D項(xiàng)中，C項(xiàng)不客觀。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。今年和1909年紀(jì)念活動(dòng)的區(qū)別深層次的原因，出現(xiàn)在第四、第五段中：第4段第一句：thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday;第5段第一句：ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore.可以看出現(xiàn)今的人所缺少的inspirations和somethingmore即A選項(xiàng)中提到的“對(duì)偉人和他們的影響的尊敬”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第8段:令作者更加失望的是隨后針對(duì)該批判會(huì)展開的學(xué)者會(huì)議。這一會(huì)議把林肯描述成了“不急于下判斷、不道德、模棱兩可”。

4.推斷題。倒數(shù)第二段中指出:writershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage(各路作家們呈現(xiàn)出了以他們的想法創(chuàng)造出來的林肯),因此D項(xiàng)(林肯在人們心目中各不相同)正確。

5.推斷題。在倒數(shù)第二段中列出了林肯在世人的各種形象后，作者說缺少一個(gè)timelessLincoln（永恒的林肯）,因此推測(cè)A項(xiàng)Lincoln'sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime(林肯的偉大不隨著時(shí)間的消逝而消失)比較符合作者暗含的意思。

15.單選題

Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.TheUniversityofOklahoma,theUniversityofGeorgia,andTaiwan’sNationalChengchiUniversityeachindependentlyconductedalarge-scaleanalysisofsuchprograms.Allthreeteamsofscholarsconcludedthatcreativitytrainingcanhaveastrong