考研考博-英語-太原科技大學(xué)華科學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原科技大學(xué)華科學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ihelpedhimcleanthefloor______theunderstandingthatIwouldberewarded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.through

B.by

C.in

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)through“通過”，B項(xiàng)by“通過，由”，C項(xiàng)in“在……里”，D項(xiàng)on“在……上”。根據(jù)句子可知，ontheunderstandingthat固定搭配，表示“如果，在……條件上”。句意：如果我可以得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那么我可以幫他打掃地板。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

什么是幸福？古今中外，很多人都對(duì)它作出過不少的論述。幸福是一種心境、一種感覺，是心里欲望得到滿足時(shí)的狀態(tài)，是感到生活有巨大樂趣并自然而然地希望它持續(xù)久遠(yuǎn)的愉快心情。有些人窮其一生卻找不到幸福，而有些人則時(shí)刻被幸福光環(huán)所圍繞。這是因?yàn)樾腋５娜擞幸活w感知幸福的心，有一雙善于發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福的眼睛。對(duì)于這樣的人，一切都顯得美好。房后清風(fēng)做琴，檐下雨露為弦，屋頂鳥啾如歌，天上月光當(dāng)酒。幸福簡(jiǎn)單又深?yuàn)W，玄妙又簡(jiǎn)潔。所以要想得到幸福就要有一種如水心態(tài)，在平淡中尋找幸福，在細(xì)微中品味幸福。幸福有時(shí)就是一個(gè)分式，欲望是分母，所得是分子。如果想得到更多的幸福，最好的方法莫過于減少分母，增加分子。

【答案】Whatishappiness?Manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussionaboutitatalltimes.Happinessisakindofmood,afeeling,astatewhendesiresintheheartissatisfied,orahappymoodwhichfeelsthegreatjoyoflifeandhopesthatitcanlastforalongtimenaturally.Somepeoplespendtheirentirelivesbutcannotfindhappiness,whileothersarealwayssurroundedbyit.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveaheartwhichcanperceivehappiness,andapairofeyeswhichisgWhatishappiness?Ancientandmodern,manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussiononit.Happinessisamood,afeeling,astateofmindinwhichthedesiresoftheheartaresatisfied,ajoyfulmoodinwhichonefeelsthatlifehasgreatpleasuresandnaturallywantsthemtolast.Somepeoplegothroughlifewithoutfindinghappiness,whileothersaresurroundedbyahaloofhappiness.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveahearttoperceivehappiness,andapairofeyesgoodatfindinghappiness.Fortheseperson,alliswell.Behindthehouse,windasalyre;undertheeaves,rainanddewasastring;ontheroof,birdstweetlikeasong;andinthesky,moonlightaswine.Happinessissimpleandprofound,mysteriousandconcise.Soifyouwanttogethappiness,youshouldhaveamentalitylikewater,lookingforhappinessintheplain,andtastinghappinessinthesubtle.Happinessissometimesafraction,desireisthedenominator,whilegainsisthenumerator.Ifyouwantmorehappiness,thebestwayistoreducethedenominatorandincreasethenumerator.

3.單選題

Shehadclearlyno（）ofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tendency

B.ambition

C.intention

D.willingness

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然給她的報(bào)酬豐厚，但她無意去工作。

考查名詞辨析。Tendency（事物發(fā)展的）傾向，趨勢(shì),常和to或towards搭配,不修飾人；ambition抱負(fù)，志向，常和不定式或介詞of搭配；intention打算，意圖，目的，常和不定式或介詞of搭配；willingness樂意，心甘情愿。因此C無論從語義還是從搭配上都符合題目要求。

4.填空題

Mikeleft（

）sayinggoodbye.Doyouthinkhewasupset?

【答案】Without

【解析】語義題。句意:邁克道別就走了。你認(rèn)為他是不是生氣了？邁克可能是因?yàn)樯鷼猓谑菦]有道別就離開了，填without。

5.單選題

IarguedwithMortonuntiltheweehoursofthemorning,butheremained（

）inhisrefusaltofinancetheproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subdued

B.generous

C.obstinate

D.courteous

【答案】C

【解析】subdued減弱的，被制服的；generous慷慨的，大方的；obstinate頑固的，倔強(qiáng)的；courteous有禮貌的，謙恭的。句意：我和Morton爭(zhēng)論到深夜，但他仍然固執(zhí)地拒絕資助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Asa（

）actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.versatile

C.sophisticated

D.productive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。flexible“靈活的，柔韌的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；sophisticated“世故的”；productive“高產(chǎn)的”。句意：作為一個(gè)多才多藝的演員，他會(huì)表演、唱歌、跳舞，而且會(huì)演奏很多種樂器。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Initsmostabstractsensetheperceptionofalossofcommunityinmodernsocietyreferstochangesinboththestructureandcontentofpersonalrelationships.Herecommunityisusedtodenoteasenseofcommonidentitybetweenindividuals,andenduringtiesofaffectionandharmonybaseduponpersonalknowledgeandface-to-facecontact.Itisoftencontrastedwiththeimpersonalanddehumanizingaspectsofmodern

life,withtheriseofaselfishindividualism,acalculativeapproachtohumanrelationshipsandthesenseofsocialdislocationpresentunderconditionsofrapidsocialandeconomicchange.Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworlD.Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematiC.Thetermwasthereforeusedinaliterallyreactionaryway,asareactiontoboththematerialsqualorandthespiritualdegradationwhichRomanticismassociatedwiththeriseofurbanindustrialism.Communitysignifiedamorehumaneandintimateexistence,morestable,moretraditionalandlesstaintedbytherationalpursuitofself-interest.ThetermwasusedbywriterslikeCobbettandColeridgetoevokealargelymythicalgoldenageinthepre-industrialworld,whereorganiccommunitiesofbeneficentlandownersandmerryrusticslivedahappyArcadianexistenceinthemainlyagriculturalvillagesandsmallmarkettownswhichconstitutedpre-industrial-society.Rapidurbanizationandindustrializationwereaccusedofhavingdestroyedthisnotionofcommunity.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityresteD.Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.Relationshipsinruralcommunitieswereregardedasmoreindefinablyprofoundandfulfilling,generatingaprevailingsenseofmeaningfulsocialintimacy.Incities,ontheotherhand,itwasbelievedthatthe"unnatural"separationoftheirinhabitantsfromthelandandfromoneanotherprovokeddislocationandasuperficialandalienatingwayoflife.Thistendencytoidentifyasenseofcommunitywithparticularpatternsofsettlementandparticulargeographicallocationshasprovedtobeanimmenselyenduringone.AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.SuchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreteD.Eventodaythereisatendencytoregardonlyruralvillagesasrealcommunitieswherewecanfindourroots,whilelifeincitiesisviewedasanecessaryeviltobeavoidedwheneverpossible.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Theeighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticisminsistedthat（）.

3.Theword"emblematic"(ParA.1)mayhavethemeaningof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofcommunity（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CommunityasCriticismofIndustrialSociety.

B.CommunityintheModernWorld

C.CommunityandChange

D.CommunityandtheSociologicalTradition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.modernindustrydestroyedpeople'sharmoniousrelationshipwithnature

B.theurbanlifeisanevilthoughthedevelopmentofindustryisnecessary

C.theycreatedtheconceptofcommunitytocometotermswiththemodernworld

D.theindustrialdevelopmentenrichedthelifeofurbaninhabitants

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.poor

B.pessimistic

C.symbolic

D.disastrous

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isnotcreateduntiltherapidurbanizationandindustrializationoftheIndustrialRevolution

B.refersonlytotheidealofhumanandrusticlifeinthecountryside

C.isalsousedtoindicatethechangeofsocietystructurebyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincities

D.haschangedwhilechangeshavehappenedinthestructureofsociety

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theconflictbetweenurbanandrurallifehasbeenreflectedindifferentaspectsofourculture.

B.Theidealcommunitywilldisappearwiththescientificandtechnologicadvances.

C.Communitycanonlyexistinthepre-industrialsocietywhenpeoplearelesstaintedbythepursuitofself-interest

D.Theconsequencesofthelossofcommunityforthestabilityofsocietyarewidelyfearedbyeveryone.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可知，本文第一段介紹了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中社區(qū)喪失的表現(xiàn)。在第二段中可以定位到“TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityrested.”，中文翻譯為：人們認(rèn)為，工業(yè)革命不僅通過將大量人口集中在城市和工廠，而且改變了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，而且改變了社區(qū)意識(shí)所依賴的關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。后文也寫到了城市工業(yè)化帶來了社區(qū)的崩潰，以及城市和農(nóng)村的矛盾等。綜合考慮下，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticism可定位到文章“Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworld.”，中文翻譯為：“這些判斷的典型代表是18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)浪漫主義的悲觀派，強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的統(tǒng)一，以情感反對(duì)理性，并對(duì)新興的城市和工業(yè)世界進(jìn)行徹底的批評(píng)?！币约啊癝inceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.”，中文翻譯為：由于城市工業(yè)化帶來了社區(qū)的崩潰，因此，真正的社區(qū)不可能存在于新的工業(yè)城市，而只存在于農(nóng)村。因此，鄉(xiāng)村被認(rèn)為是理想的社區(qū)。人與自然統(tǒng)一的浪漫主張?jiān)谔飯@詩般的鄉(xiāng)村生活中被認(rèn)為是由和諧和美德構(gòu)成的?？赏茢喑鯝項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代工業(yè)破壞了人與自然的和諧關(guān)系”正確。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematic.”，中文翻譯為：新時(shí)代的科技進(jìn)步與人類精神上和情感上的貧乏形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，在這種貧窮中，社區(qū)的喪失被視為象征。由語境可知，C項(xiàng)“象征性”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconceptofcommunity可以定位到文章“Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.”，中文翻譯為：為了適應(yīng)這種新的社會(huì)形式，人們使用了社區(qū)的概念，因此D項(xiàng)“社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化的時(shí)候，它也已經(jīng)改變了”正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章“Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).”，中文翻譯為：從這種觀念出發(fā)，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常普遍的文學(xué)和文化主題，雷蒙德?烕廉姆斯在他的兩本書《文化和社會(huì)》以及《國家和城市》(Williams，1961，1973)中充分探討了這一主題。以及“AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.Suchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreted.”，中文翻譯為：正如烕廉斯所表明的那樣，這是一種己經(jīng)滲透到我們文化的很大領(lǐng)域的傳統(tǒng)，包括我們的文學(xué)、美學(xué)、建筑和城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃，甚至我們的社會(huì)科學(xué)。這一傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)充當(dāng)一個(gè)過濾器，通過它不斷解讀城市和農(nóng)村生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)。故答案為A“城市和農(nóng)村生活之間的沖突反映在我們文化的不同方面”。

8.單選題

Jimknowslittleofmathematics,______ofchemistry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andstillless

B.aswellas

C.nolessthan

D.andstillmore

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)andstillless中stillless“更不用說（常用于否定句后）”；B選項(xiàng)aswellas“和……一樣；不但……而且”；C選項(xiàng)nolessthan“不少于”；D選項(xiàng)andstillmore中stillmore“更加”。句意：吉姆幾乎不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)，______化學(xué)了。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是吉姆不太懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)，化學(xué)就更不懂了，A選項(xiàng)中stillless“更不用說（常用于否定句后）”符合題意，and作為連詞起連接作用。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Heinsistedthathe____untiltheworkisfinished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’trest

B.notrest

C.wouldn’trest

D.don’trest

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.didn’trest不休息B.notrest不休息

C.wouldn’trest不休息D.don’trest不休息

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】虛擬語氣。

【解題思路】這里考查insist的虛擬語氣。當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持要求/堅(jiān)持主張”，即that從句的動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生的話，則賓語從句必須使用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動(dòng)詞由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,且should可以省略。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，在這里句意為：他堅(jiān)持工作完不成就不休息。因此用insist的虛擬語氣。所以是insist+shouldnot+動(dòng)詞原形rest，should可以省略。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合虛擬語氣用法。

【句意】他堅(jiān)持直到工作完成才會(huì)休息。

10.單選題

Hewaseasilyhurtbecausehisfeelingswerevery（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensible

B.sensational

C.sensitive

D.senseless

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他很容易受傷，因?yàn)樗苊舾小?/p>

考查形容詞辨析。sensible明智的；合乎情理的；能感覺到的;sensational轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽聞的;sensitive敏感的；senseless愚蠢的;無意識(shí)的。根據(jù)前半句句意“他很容易受傷”可知C項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoutoff

B.feelrightabout

C.getawaywith

D.whenitcomesto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:說到電腦，他還是有點(diǎn)在行的。而這也成為他在朋友面前自夸的資本。

考查短語辨析。spoutoff喋喋不休,夸夸其談;feelrightabout感覺是對(duì)的;getawaywith僥幸成功,僥幸逃脫;whenitcomesto當(dāng)提到。故D符合句意。

12.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso￡groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道沒有了歡喜也沒了快樂,沒有了焦慮也沒了恐懼,人們可能很難存活。他們有可能重復(fù)傷害自己的行為，卻認(rèn)為這是有益的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因?yàn)闆]有情感的世界里根本不存在獎(jiǎng)懲,所以人們無法學(xué)習(xí)。反之,如果因?yàn)樽隽苏_的事情而得到了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),那么人們就可能會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文內(nèi)容。

3.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀:因?yàn)闆]有任何形式的激勵(lì)。所以,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于享受激勵(lì)的能力。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面構(gòu)造了世界。作為個(gè)體，我們會(huì)根據(jù)自己的情緒來分類物品。由此可見,情感可以幫助我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

13.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

14.單選題

Thegovernment'spoliciesinthepastfiveyearshaveshowna(n)（）inemphasizingthenecessityofimprovingthepeasants’livelihood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.behavior

B.agony

C.coherence

D.exaltation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。behavior“行為；舉止”；agony“苦惱”；coherence“一致；連貫性”；exaltation“欣喜；提拔”。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語inthepastfiveyears(在過去五年)可知政府對(duì)提高農(nóng)民生活水平的持續(xù)關(guān)注，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatthepiano（）after11ofo’clockatnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasnotplayed

B.nottoplay

C.notbeplayed

D.didnotplay

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在itis+表示要求、建議、必要、命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，且此處表示被動(dòng)。本句句型是：Itisrequestedbysbthat…，所以句子要用虛擬語氣。句意：飯店管理部門懇請(qǐng)客人晚上11點(diǎn)以后不要打開收音機(jī)。所以本題選擇C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Themoreanation'scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lie

B.locate

C.spot

D.stand

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個(gè)國家的企業(yè)在海外設(shè)廠越多，該國的出口記錄就會(huì)越小。locate為及物動(dòng)詞，符合句意。其他選項(xiàng)做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)都和位置沒有關(guān)系。

17.單選題

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandmorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswerethoughtashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisthoughttobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthemasculinequalitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword"liability"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness（）.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften（）.

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.todiscussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.togiveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.todemandequalrightsforwomen

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句“Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.但在高管圈子里，美貌可能成為一種?！眀ut在這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前面的內(nèi)容都是在講美貌所帶來的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此可以推斷，liability指的是不利條件。A選項(xiàng)misfortune“不幸，災(zāi)禍”；B選項(xiàng)instability“不穩(wěn)定”；C選項(xiàng)disadvantage“不利條件”；D選項(xiàng)burden“負(fù)擔(dān)，責(zé)任”。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近，所以正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe‘masculine’qualitiesrequired.因此，一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，但一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征。”由此可以推斷，傳統(tǒng)的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力，因?yàn)槲υ鰪?qiáng)了女性所需要的特質(zhì)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“結(jié)果顯示,有吸引力的男性完全擊敗了沒有吸引力的男性，但最具有吸引力的女性總是得到最少的選票?！庇纱丝芍?dāng)涉及政治時(shí)，吸引力對(duì)女性來說并不是一件好事，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的”；B選項(xiàng)prejudiced“懷有偏見的”；C選項(xiàng)old-fashioned“過時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)radical“激進(jìn)的”。文章內(nèi)容首先介紹了人們對(duì)美的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，然后介紹了人們認(rèn)為具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多來自運(yùn)氣，而不是能力；當(dāng)涉及政治時(shí)，具有吸引力的女性得票最低。因此可知人們對(duì)于美的看法通常是帶有偏見的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章第一段最后句就講到了美貌可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)不利因素，接下來的內(nèi)容也主要是圍繞這一話題展開，所以作者寫本文的目的主要是討論吸引力帶來的負(fù)面影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

18.單選題

Theyadvisedtheirclientsto（）withanothercompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merge

B.engage

C.emerge

D.submerge

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。mergewith合并，與...聯(lián)合；engagewith交戰(zhàn)，與...接洽；emerge浮現(xiàn)，暴露；submerge淹沒。句意：他們建議客戶與另一家公司合作。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

19.單選題

Inwinterdrivershavetroublestoppingtheircarsfrom（

）onicyroads.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skating

B.skidding

C.sliding

D.slipping

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:司機(jī)冬天在結(jié)冰的路面上停車不是件困難的事情。

Skating滑冰(娛樂活動(dòng)或體育競(jìng)技項(xiàng)目);skidding側(cè)滑，打滑;sliding滑動(dòng),多以人為主語，形容某物順利無阻礙地滑行;slip滑倒。此處指車輛打滑,故選B。

20.單選題

Sometheoristsviewalmostallcrimesaspolitical.Theyviewthemeitherasanactbytheruling（1）torepressthew