考研考博-英語-寧夏建設(shè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏建設(shè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

IdecidetogotothecinemaassoonasI（

）.

問題1選項

A.finishwhatIdid

B.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

C.finishedwhatIdid

D.finishedwhatIwasdoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)?！癮ssoonas”引導(dǎo)的為時間狀語從句，由主句的謂語動詞decide可知主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，即主句用現(xiàn)在時，從句也用現(xiàn)在時，因此選A。句意：我決定一完成我所做的事情就去看電影。

2.單選題

TheBushJuntaisusingthe_______ofHurricaneKatrinatocutthewagesofpeopledesperatelytryingtorebuildtheirlivesandtheircommunities.

問題1選項

A.dismantlement

B.devastation

C.scuttle

D.wreckage

【答案】B

【解析】dismemberment分割，肢解;devastation毀壞；scuttle逃避；wreckage失事。句意：布什政府正利用Katrina颶風(fēng)帶來的破壞，削減那些拼命試圖重建生活和社區(qū)的人們的工資。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

WhenMr.Johnswentshoppingatthethriftstore,hewaslookingfora（）.

問題1選項

A.bargain

B.charge

C.gain

D.purchase

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。bargain便宜貨；charge費用；gain利潤，收獲；purchase購買的東西。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞thethriftstore（舊貨店，二手店）判斷,選項A更符合句意。

4.單選題

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda_______coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

問題1選項

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustainable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項perpetual“永久的”；B選項permanent“永恒的，持續(xù)的，長久的”；C選項chronic“(尤指疾病)長期的，慢性的，難以治愈的”；D選項sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。根據(jù)cannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime可知這位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此選C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短時間內(nèi)不能完全治愈。

5.單選題

Ifthereisagooddrugavailable,itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytomakesurepatientscan（

）it.

問題1選項

A.afford

B.demand

C.tolerate

D.supply

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.afford承受；買得起B(yǎng).demand要求；需求

C.tolerate忍受D.supply提供；供給

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】如果有一種好的藥可用，確保病人……藥品是每個人的責(zé)任。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起，買的起。因此選A.afford“承受；買得起”。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】如果有一種好的藥物可用，每個人都有責(zé)任確?；颊吣軌蜇?fù)擔(dān)得起。

6.單選題

Adegreeof____betweennursesandpatientsandtheirrelativescanbeconsideredanadvantageinconvincingpeopletovolunteerasdonors.

問題1選項

A.estrangement

B.adversary

C.hostility

D.intimacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項estrangement“疏遠(yuǎn)；失和”；B選項adversary“對手；敵手”；C選項hostility“敵意”；D選項intimacy“親密”。句意：護士和患者及其親屬之間的____程度有利于說服人們成為志愿捐贈者。根據(jù)后文beconsideredanadvantage“被認(rèn)為是一種優(yōu)勢”，可推斷護士和患者及其親屬之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是好的，D選項intimacy“親密”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

7.單選題

ThereisincreasingevidencethattheimpactsofmeteoriteshavehadimportanteffectsonEarth,particularlyinthefieldofbiologicalevolution.SuchimpactscontinuetoposeanaturalhazardtolifeonEarth.Twiceinthetwentiethcentury,largemeteoriteobjectsareknowntohavecollidedwithEarth.

Ifanimpactislargeenough,itcandisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireEarthandcauseanecologicalcatastrophe.Thebest-documentedsuchimpacttookplace65millionyearsagoattheendoftheCretaceousperiodofgeologicalhistory.ThisbreakinEarth’shistoryismarkedbyamassextinction,whenasmanyashalfthespeciesontheplanetbecameextinct.Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.

ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteoritewithamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsedimentdepositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.ThissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridiumandotherelementsthatarerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrustofEarth.Evendilutedbytheterrestrialmaterialexcavatedfromthecrater,thiscomponentofmeteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.

Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabouttwiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere,ascanbedeterminedbymeasuringthethicknessofthesedimentlayerformedwhenthisdustsettledtothesurface.Suchaquantityofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthesurface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.TheexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacidandmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthemassextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.

Severalothermassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecordhavebeententativelyidentifiedwithlargeimpacts,butnoneissodramaticastheCretaceousevent.Butevenwithoutsuchspecificdocumentation,itisclearthatimpactsofthissizedooccurandthattheirresultscanbecatastrophic.Whatisacatastropheforonegroupoflivingthings,however,maycreateopportunitiesforanothergroup.Followingeachmassextinction,thereisasuddenevolutionaryburstasnewspeciesdeveloptofilltheecologicalnichesopenedbytheevent.

Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonemechanismthatcouldcauseglobalcatastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybeduetosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewofbiologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.

Earthisatargetinacosmicshootinggallery,subjecttorandomviolenteventsthatwereunsuspectedafewdecadesago.In1991theUnitedStatesCongressaskedNASAtoinvestigatethehazardposedtodaybylargeimpactsonEarth.Thegroupconductingthestudyconcludedfromadetailedanalysisthatimpactsfrommeteoritescanindeedbehazardous.Althoughthereisalwayssomeriskthatalargeimpactcouldoccur,carefulstudyshowsthatthisriskisquitesmall.

62.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?

63.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthelocationofthemeteoriteimpactinMexico?

64.Theword“excavating”inPara.4isclosestinmeaningto____.

65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefactorsthatareessentialforthesurvivalofaspeciesissupportedinParagraph6?

問題1選項

A.TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord.

B.ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous.

C.ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous.

D.Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster.

問題2選項

A.ThelocationoftheimpactsiteinMexicowaskeptsecretbygeologistsfrom1980to1990.

B.Itwasawell-knownfactthattheimpacthadoccurredintheYucatregion.

C.Geologistsknewthattherehadbeenanimpactbeforetheyknewwhereithadoccurred.

D.TheYucatregionwaschosenbygeologistsasthemostprobableimpactsitebecauseofitsclimate.

問題3選項

A.diggingout

B.extending

C.destroying

D.coveringup

問題4選項

A.Themostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitsabilitytocompeteandadapttogradualchangesinitsenvironment.

B.Theabilityofaspeciestocompeteandadapttoagraduallychangingenvironmentisnottheonlyabilitythatisessentialforsurvival.

C.Sincemostextinctionsofspeciesareduetomajormeteoriteimpacts,theabilitytosurvivesuchimpactsisthemostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspecies.

D.Thefactorsthataremostimportantforthesurvivalofaspeciesvarysignificantlyfromonespeciestoanother.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：在第二段中，作者為什么要包括恐龍繁衍了數(shù)千萬年然后突然消失的信息？定位到第二段最后一句Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.（千百萬年來，這些偉大的生物繁衍生息。然后，突然，他們消失了），然后這句話的前文Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.（盡管在地質(zhì)記錄中有十幾種或更多的大規(guī)模滅絕，但白堊紀(jì)的大規(guī)模滅絕總能引起古生物學(xué)家的興趣，因為它標(biāo)志著恐龍時代的終結(jié)），因此C項“解釋為什么古生物學(xué)家總是對白堊紀(jì)末的大滅絕感興趣”符合題意。A項“為了證明白堊紀(jì)末的大滅絕是地質(zhì)記錄中十幾次大滅絕中記錄最完整的一次”，B項“解釋為什么當(dāng)時地球上有一半的物種在白堊紀(jì)末滅絕”，D項“提供證據(jù)，證明一次影響可能大到足以擾亂整個地球的環(huán)境，造成生態(tài)災(zāi)難”，均不符合題意。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico（到1990年，地質(zhì)學(xué)家已經(jīng)將撞擊地點定位在墨西哥的尤卡特地區(qū)）可知B項“眾所周知，撞擊發(fā)生在尤卡特地區(qū)”為正確答案。A項“1980年至1990年，地質(zhì)學(xué)家對墨西哥撞擊地點的位置保密”，C項“地質(zhì)學(xué)家在知道撞擊發(fā)生的地點之前就已經(jīng)知道了”，D項“由于氣候原因，地質(zhì)學(xué)家選擇尤卡特地區(qū)作為最可能的撞擊地點”，均在文中未體現(xiàn)，故錯誤。

64.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測題。excavating“挖掘；開鑿”。A項“掘出”，B項“延伸；擴展”，C項“摧毀；毀滅”，D項“掩蓋”，結(jié)合句意：這次撞擊釋放了巨大的能量，一個約為月球Tycho隕石坑兩倍大的隕石坑。因此A項符合題意。

65.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第六段第四句Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.（一個物種生存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是它能否成功地與其他物種競爭并適應(yīng)緩慢變化的環(huán)境。然而，一個同樣重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是，一個物種是否有能力在隨機的全球生態(tài)災(zāi)難中生存下來）可知B項“物種競爭和適應(yīng)逐漸變化的環(huán)境的能力不是生存所必需的唯一能力”最貼近文意，是正確答案。A項“一個物種生存的最重要因素是它的競爭能力和適應(yīng)環(huán)境逐漸變化的能力”，C項“由于大多數(shù)物種的滅絕都是由于主要的隕石撞擊造成的，因此在這種撞擊下生存的能力是物種生存的最重要因素”，D項“對于一個物種的生存來說，最重要的因素在不同的物種之間有很大的差異”，均未在第六段體現(xiàn)。

8.單選題

Ofalltheclassicalcomposers,Tchaikovskyhasbeenaveritablegold-mineasa（）sourceofthemesforpopulararrangements.

問題1選項

A.lucrative

B.ostensible

C.orthodox

D.tentative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項lucrative“有利可圖的，賺錢的”；B選項ostensible“表面的，假裝的”；C選項orthodox“正統(tǒng)的；慣常的”；D選項tentative“不確定的，暫定的；猶豫的”。句意：在所有的古典作曲家中，柴可夫斯基是一個名副其實的金礦，他總是創(chuàng)造出大受市場歡迎的主題作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative與其意思對應(yīng)。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Doyouregretpayingfiftydollarsforthedog?”“No,Iwouldgladlypay（）forhim.”

問題1選項

A.asmuchtwice

B.twicesomuch

C.muchtwice

D.twiceasmuch

【答案】D

【解析】句意:你后悔為這條狗支付50美元不？”?！安?，我樂意為了他支付雙倍”。

語法題?？疾楸稊?shù)的表達。倍數(shù)的固定表達方式:倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞+（as+另一比較對象）,前文己交代另一比較對象的情況下，括號中的部分可省略來避免重復(fù),因此D正確。

10.單選題

Apersonwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer;（

）mindisnotintherealworld.

問題1選項

A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.ofwhom

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。前后各有謂語動詞部分，因此空格處需要填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞。后半句空格后是名詞mind，是主語的一部分，因此只能填入C選項whose修飾，后半句是由whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞dreamer，整句句意：想入非非的人是夢想家，他的意識并不存在于現(xiàn)實世界中。

11.單選題

Ihaven’tgotthe（）ideaofwhatyoumean.Wouldyoupleasemakeitcleartome?

問題1選項

A.lightest

B.furthest

C.smallest

D.faintest

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lightest最輕的，最亮的；furthest最遠(yuǎn)的，最大程度的；smallest最小的；faintest一點也不的，極小的。由下文“你能說清楚一些嗎？”可推知前面“我沒有弄懂你說的意思”，故D項正確。

12.單選題

Sheisvery（

）aboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

問題1選項

A.particular

B.peculiar

C.special

D.unusual

【答案】A

【解析】particularabout為固定短語搭配，意為“對...挑剔，過分講究的”。這里指她對自己的外表很講究。選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

______hispioneeringworkinthelate1930’s,EarlHineshasbeencalledthefatherofmodernjazzpiano.

問題1選項

A.Asaresultof

B.Insupportof

C.Intheinterestof

D.Forthesakeof

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項asaresultof“因此，由于；作為……的結(jié)果”；B選項insupportof“支持；以便支持；為了支持；擁護”；C選項intheinterestof“為了……的利益；符合……的利益；為了……的好處”；D選項forthesakeof“出于對……的緣故/為了……起見”。句意：由于他在20世紀(jì)30年代后期的開創(chuàng)性工作，厄爾?海恩斯被稱為現(xiàn)代爵士鋼琴之父。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

Itisimpossibleforusto（）suchadifficulttaskwithinthelimitedtime.

問題1選項

A.fuel

B.frown

C.fulfill

D.frost

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項fuel“供以燃料，推動”。B選項frown“皺眉，不同意”。C選項fulfill“履行，完成”。D選項frost“結(jié)霜，凍壞”。句意：我們不可能在有限的時間內(nèi)完成如此艱巨的任務(wù)。因此C選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

問題1選項

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.disagreeable不愉快的，厭惡的，脾氣壞的B.confident自信的，確定的

C.hostile敵對的，敵意的D.unyielding不屈的，堅強的，堅定的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由but可知，前后句意為轉(zhuǎn)折，前面提到“我們試圖談判”，所以推斷adamant表示“態(tài)度堅決”。因此，D選項詞義與劃線部分單詞含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為D選項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】我們試圖談判，但他們態(tài)度堅決。

16.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

問題1選項

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意為“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原來只是一個小型家庭聚會，我們沒必要打扮得這么正式。

17.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.

叫我最難忘的是燕園的小路。

無論從哪個校門走進來，大大小小筆直或者蜿蜒的路，都會把你引到湛藍清澈的未名湖畔。碧綠的垂柳和橙黃的小路鑲嵌的一池湖水，就像一只盛滿了佳釀的酒杯，送到你面前，盡你領(lǐng)略它的慷慨與盛情。只要你在湖邊小路上眺望—會兒，一種寧靜的美就會流進心中。

常常是黃昏或者夜晚。丟了一天的疲倦和紛擾，我漫步在未名湖邊的小路上。明滅閃爍的路燈撒下朦朦朧朧的光暈，如霧似雨。搖曳的樹影和輕輕的晚風(fēng)，送來花的清香。間或有數(shù)點草蟲的鳴叫，一縷縷年輕人的笑語和歌聲，飄到小路上來，與湖面上倒映的燈火，暗藍的樹影，天上的星光，一抹晚霞或一鉤淡淡的新月，輝映成有聲有色的圖景。真像是一首詩，一首寫不盡讀不完的詩。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Oftenatduskornight,IrambledalongthepathsofWeiMingLake,forgettingthewholeday’stroubleandweariness.Theflickeringlampscastahazyshadow,likethemistortherain.Theswayingshadowsoftreesandthesoftnightwindaccompaniedthefloweraroma.Occasionally,thetweetingofinsects,thelaughterandsingingofteenagerswaftedtothepaths.Thentheyformedanimpressivepicturewiththelamplightreflectedinthelake,darkbluetreeshadows,starsinthesky,andtheaftergloworthecrescentmoon.Itisreallylikeapoem,anendlesspoem.

18.單選題

Shedecidedto____inthehistorycourseatthelocaleveningschool.

問題1選項

A.enter

B.enroll

C.attend

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】

【選項釋義】

A.enter進來；進去B.enroll登記；報名

C.attend出席；參加D.register登記；注冊

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：她決定在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊剐！瓪v史課。根據(jù)句意，可以推測她應(yīng)該是在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊剐竺蠚v史課。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項enter“進來；進去”，指進入或進入某事物，不符合語境；

C選項attend“出席；參加”，指出席某一事件，不符合語境；

D選項register“登記；注冊”，指把你/某人/某物的名字記在正式的名單上，不符合語境。

【句意】她決定報名當(dāng)?shù)匾剐５臍v史課程。

19.單選題

Allpartsofthissewingmachineare（

）sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.

問題1選項

A.mechanized

B.minimized

C.modernized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。mechanize意為“使機械化”；minimize意為“使最小化，使減少到最低限度”；modernize意為“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize意為“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（或規(guī)格）”。

由itisverysimpletogetreplacements（替換很簡單）可推測Allpartsofthissewingmachine（縫紉機的所有零部件）應(yīng)是“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件”，因此選D。

句意：這臺縫紉機的所有零件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的——所以很容易就能找到它們的替換件。

20.單選題

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkhugevolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibe（吸收）over100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert，asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated.Itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whylightincolorisimportanttolargeanimalsindeserts?

3.Whatwillbefataltonon-adaptedanimals?

4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

5.WhatisthefollowingstrategyNOTmentionedbytheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Animalsdevelopeddifferentstrategiestosurvive.

B.Largeanimalscantakestrategiestoreducetheeffectofextremeheat

C.Animalscantoleratethelossofbodywater.

D.Averydehydratedpersoncandrinkenoughwatertorehydrate

問題2選項

A.Ithelpedthemmaintainaconstantnormalbodytemperature.

B.Itreflectsratherthanabsorbsthesun-light

C.Ithelpsthemseetheirpeersatnight

D.Ithelpsthemkeepcoolduringthenight

問題3選項

A.Keepinganormalbodytemperature

B.Drinkingpollutedwater

C.Drinkinghugevolumesofwaterinashorttime

D.Feedingwhendehydrated

問題4選項

A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.

B.Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly

C.Theyeasilylosetheirappetites

D.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.

問題5選項

A.Thebodytemperaturecanbeextremelyhighandcold

B.Toleratethelossofbodywaterandreplenishitimmediately

C.Lostappetiteundertheconditionofmoderatethirsty

D.Tobelightincolor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要內(nèi)容是：為了降低酷熱的影響，生活在沙漠中的大型動物已經(jīng)進化來適應(yīng)這種環(huán)境，如：顏色變淺，調(diào)節(jié)體溫，忍受身體水分喪失等。因此，A項“動物發(fā)展出不同的生存策略”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一種適應(yīng)是讓自己顏色變淺，反射而不是吸收太陽光線）。由此可知，淺色對沙漠中的大型動物很重要，是因為淺色反射太陽光。故選B項。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出：Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication（另一方面，一個極度脫水的人，不能一次性地喝大量的水來補充所缺水分，因為人的胃不夠大，而且體液的迅速稀釋會導(dǎo)致水中毒而引起死亡）。因此，C項“短時間飲大量的水”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:它們不需要吃很多食物。B:它們可以快速地大量進食。A項與B項在文中并未被提及。C:它們很容易失去食欲。第二段指出：Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated（適應(yīng)沙漠的哺乳動物還有在極度脫水時正常進食的能力）。因此C項不符合原文所述。D:它們可以長途跋涉尋找食物。第二段指出：Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures（在沙漠中，能夠忍受水分流失是一個明顯的優(yōu)勢，這樣動物不必待在水源附近，而是可以從廣闊的牧場獲得食物）。由此可知，能忍受水分流失的動物能長途跋涉來喂飽自己。因此D項正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:體溫可以非常高和低。第一段指出：desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight（沙漠哺乳動物允許它們的體溫上升到一般認(rèn)為發(fā)燒的溫度），以及：indeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel（事實上，到黎明時分，氣溫會降得異常低，駱駝體內(nèi)的溫度會低到34攝氏度）。因此A項有被提及。B:忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，并立即補充水分。第二段指出：Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals（大型沙漠動物的另一種策略是忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，這種流失對那些還沒有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的動物來說是致命的）,以及：Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink（一種同樣重要的適應(yīng)能力是在一次飲水中補充損失的水分）。因此B項有被提及。C:中度口渴的情況下沒有食欲。D:顏色變淺。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一種進化是讓自己變成淺色，反射而不是吸收太陽光線）。因此D項也有被提及。四個選項中，只有C項不是沙漠動物為適應(yīng)環(huán)境形成的進化，故選C。

21.單選題

Theprofessorknowshissubject,buthehastrouble（

）hisideasacrosstothestudents.

問題1選項

A.getting

B.making

C.setting

D.forming

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。getacross通過，使……被理解；句意：這個教授知道他的主題，但他很難使自己的觀點被學(xué)生理解。

22.單選題

Theterm“remotesensing”referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretation

ofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960’stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.Withdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniquesitispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsspecificallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remote-sensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveysandlaboratorytests,thetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Byusingtheword“interpretative”inline32.Theauthorisindicatingwhichofthefollowing?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgeologicmappingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,measurementsofwhichofthefollowingcanbeprovidedbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisible-lightphotography?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajordisadvantageofphotographicimagingingeologicmappingisthatsuchphotography.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatLandsatimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthatLandsatimages.

6.ThepassageprovidesinformationabouteachofthefollowingtopicsEXCEPT（

）.

7.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“conventionalmethods”mentionedinline24?

問題1選項

A.Somemapsarebasedmoreondatafromaerialphotographythanondatafromfieldoperations.

B.Somemapsarebasedalmostexclusivelyonlaboratorymeasurements

C.Somemapsarebasedonincompletedatafromfieldobservations.

D.Somemapsshowonlylargegeologicfeatures.

問題2選項

A.Geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience.

B.Geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960’s

C.Geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected.

D.Adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972.

問題3選項

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans.

B.ThedensityoffoliageinremoteareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

D.ThedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheEarth’ssurface.

問題4選項

A.cannotbeusedatnight.

B.cannotfocusonthedetailsofageologicarea.

C.mustbechemicallyprocessed.

D.isalwaysenhancedbydigitalreconstruction.

問題5選項

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits.

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous.

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers.

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits.

問題6選項

A.theprincipalmethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960*s

B.someofthephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing.

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.thespecificlimitationsoftheLandsatmultispectralscanner.

問題7選項

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources—地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實地測量和實驗室測量數(shù)據(jù)，但是因為實地測量受到巖石裸露、可到達程度以及人力資源的限制，所以這一地質(zhì)圖必須進行分析。確定C選項‘一些地圖的數(shù)據(jù)是來源于實地觀察的不完整地數(shù)據(jù)’正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段：Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner（MSS）aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年，安裝在Landsat衛(wèi)星上的多譜線掃描儀傳送出來的首批多譜線的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，吸引了整個地學(xué)界的注意。確定D選項‘1972年成為地質(zhì)制圖發(fā)展的里程碑’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scie