考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Foranationofpetlovers,Britainconductsasurprisingnumberofexperimentsonanimalssome3mayear.Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion.UnlikeBritain'sgovernment,America'sdoesnotthinkratsandmiceworthcounting.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica,andanimalsusedinresearchinthosetwocountriesarenotprotectedtothesameextentthattheyareintheWest.Evenso,academiccenterssupportingalternativestoanimaltestinghaveemergedinbothplacesinrecentyears.InJulyChinaissueditsfirstsetofguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

Inanidealworld,therewouldbenoanimaltesting.Itisexpensiveandcanbeofdubiousscientificvalue,sincedifferentspeciesoftenreactdifferentlytothesameprocedure.Thatiswhymanyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective.However,thetransitionisprovingeasierforsometypesofexperimentthanforothers,asagroupofresearchersinthefielddiscussedatthesixthWorldCongressonAlternativesandAnimalUseintheLifeSciences,heldlastweekinTokyo.

Themostimportantmessagefromthecongresswasthatthingsaregoingintherightdirection.Thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasfallenbyhalfinthepast30years,atleastinthosecountriesthatrecordsuchthings.Therehasalsobeenashiftinthesortofanimalused.Mostofthoseemployedtodayarerodentsratherthandogs,cats,rabbitsandmonkeys.(Thatpublicopiniongenerallywelcomesthisis,however,agoodexampleof"cutist"prejudiceforonespeciesoveranother:thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals.)Also,oftheexperimentsthatarestillconducted,themajorityarenowconcernedwithdevelopingandtestingmedicineratherthan,say,checkinghowtoxiccosmeticsare.Ofthe11manimalsinvolvedeachyearinexperimentsthathavetobereportedtotheEuropeanCommission,about45%areusedformedicalandveterinarypurposesandanother35%forbasicbiomedicalresearch.

1.Whichofthefollowingis"anillusion"?

2.Manyresearchersarecurrentlytryingto______.

3.Thecutistprejudiceprobablyreferstothefactthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.BritainprotectsanimalsusedinresearchbetterthanJapanandChina.

B.Chinahasissuedguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

C.JapanhaslesscomprehensivedataonanimaltestingthanAmerica.

D.AmericaconductsfewerexperimentsonanimalsthanBritain.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.useanimalsinvolvedinresearchmoreeffectively

B.slowdownthetransitionforsomeexperiments

C.challengethescientificvalueofanimaltesting

D.raisethecostofusinganyanimalsinresearch

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.petanimalsarethoughttosuffermoreinexperiments

B.rodentsarebelievedtoreactinthesamewaywithhumans

C.testingmedicineissupposedtodomoreharmthantestingcosmetics

D.whatsortofanimalstouseisreckonedmorecrucialthanwhethertousethem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個(gè)是“錯(cuò)覺”？根據(jù)“anillusion”定位到文章第一段第二句“Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion”，說明美國(guó)用動(dòng)物做的試驗(yàn)似乎少一些是錯(cuò)覺。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：許多研究人員目前正試圖_____。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段中“manyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective”，研究人員在采取措施減少動(dòng)物使用量，并提高成效。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：cutistprejudice可能指的是_____。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段，后面提到“thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals”沒有理由認(rèn)為嚙齒類動(dòng)物（在實(shí)驗(yàn)中）遭受的痛苦比其他哺乳動(dòng)物要少，這表明了對(duì)于不同物種間持有的偏見。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Michael（）heretoseeyouandhe（）anoteonyourdesk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hascome;hadleft

B.hasbeen;hasleft

C.hascome;left

D.hasbeen;left

【答案】D

【解析】句意:邁克剛來這里看你，他留了一張便條在桌上。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。后文說“留了一張便條”,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,所以用一般過去時(shí)。那么前面應(yīng)該表示的是“剛來過”。因此此處用“hasbeenhere”合適。

3.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語(yǔ)是“alltheflights”，句子主語(yǔ)是“we”，一個(gè)句子中不能有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此選項(xiàng)A、B可以排除；flights與cancel是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thanmoreonefficiency

B.andmoreefficiency

C.andmoreonefficiency

D.thanefficiency

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。題目中emphasis和efficiency處于構(gòu)成并列的關(guān)系。句意：一些公司采用了彈性工作時(shí)間，更少地強(qiáng)調(diào)壓力，更多地強(qiáng)調(diào)效率。實(shí)際上為“moreemphasisonefficiency”，選項(xiàng)C運(yùn)用了省略的結(jié)構(gòu)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Ethnographyisthestudyofaparticularhumansocietyortheprocessofmakingsuchastudy.Contemporaryethnographyisbasedalmostentirelyonfieldworkandrequiresthecompleteimmersionoftheanthropologistinthecultureandeverydaylifeofthepeoplewhoarethesubjectofhisstudy.Ethnography,byvirtueofitsintersubjectivenature,isnecessarilycomparative.Giventhattheanthropologistinthefieldnecessarilyretainscertainculturalbiases,hisobservationsanddescriptionsmust,toacertaindegree,becomparative.Thustheformulatingofgeneralizationsaboutcultureandthedrawingofcomparisonsinevitablybecomecomponentsofethnography.

ModernanthropologistsusuallyidentifytheestablishmentofethnographyasaprofessionalfieldwiththepioneeringworkofboththePolish-bornBritishanthropologistBronislawMalinowskiintheTrobriandIslandsofMelanesia.Ethnographicfieldworkhassincebecomeasortofriteofpassageintotheprofessionofculturalanthropology.Manyethnographersresideinthefieldforayearormore,learningthelocallanguageordialectand,tothegreatestextentpossible,participatingineverydaylifewhileatthesametimemaintaininganobserver’sobjectivedetachment.

Thismethod,calledparticipant-observation,whilenecessaryandusefulforgainingathoroughunderstandingofaforeignculture,isinpracticequitedifficult.Justastheanthropologistbringstothesituationcertaininherent,ifunconscious,culturalbiases,soalsoisheinfluencedbythesubjectofhisstudy.Whiletherearecasesofethnographerswhofeltalienatedorevenrepelledbytheculturetheyentered,many—perhapsmost—havecometoidentifycloselywith“theirpeople,”afactorthataffectstheirobjectivity.Inadditiontothetechniqueofparticipant-observation,thecontemporaryethnographerusuallyselectsandcultivatescloserelationshipswithindividuals,knownasinformants,whocanprovidespecificinformationonritual,kinship,orothersignificantaspectsofculturallife.Inthisprocessalsotheanthropologistrisksthedangerofbiasedviewpoints,asthosewhomostwillinglyactasinformantsfrequentlyareindividualswhoaremarginaltothegroupandwho,forulteriormotives(e.g.,alienationfromthegrouporadesiretobesingledoutasspecialbytheforeigner),mayprovideotherthanobjectiveexplanationsofculturalandsocialphenomena.Afinalhazardinherentinethnographicfieldworkistheever-presentpossibilityofculturalchangeproducedbyorresultingfromtheethnographer’spresenceinthegroup.

Contemporaryethnographiesusuallyadheretoacommunity,ratherthanindividual,focusandconcentrateonthedescriptionofcurrentcircumstancesratherthanhistoricalevents.Traditionally,commonalitiesamongmembersofthegrouphavebeenemphasized,thoughrecentethnographyhasbeguntoreflectaninterestintheimportanceofvariationwithinculturalsystems.Ethnographicstudiesarenolongerrestrictedtosmallprimitivesocietiesbutmayalsofocusonsuchsocialunitsasurbanghettos.ThetoolsoftheethnographerhavechangedradicallysinceMalinowski’stime.Whiledetailednotesarestillamainstayoffieldwork,ethnographershavetakenfulladvantageoftechnologicaldevelopmentssuchasmotionpicturesandtaperecorderstoaugmenttheirwrittenaccounts.

1.ThelastsentenceofPara.1indicatesorsuggeststhat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTgivebiasestotheethnographer’sstudyofculture?

3.TheethnographershowsgreatinterestinallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,itwasMalinowskiwho（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatthemethodusedbyearlierethnographerswas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ethnographyshouldmaketheoreticalaswellascomparativestudyofculture

B.ethnographersshouldbeontheirguardagainstovergeneralizingaboutculture

C.ethnographerswouldinevitablybringbiasesintotheirstudyofnewcultures

D.ethnographicfindingsshouldbecomparedwiththosemadebyothersciences

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepeoplewhoanswerhisquestions

B.Hisownculturalbackground

C.Thekindofinformationhewantstoget

D.Thechangesmadebyhispresenceinthecultureinquestion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.currentconditionsthatexistwithaculture

B.individualbehaviorasshapedbyacustom

C.behaviorpatternscommonamongmembersofaculture

D.differenceexistingwithinaculture

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.developedethnographyintoanthropology

B.usedtaperecorderstorecordthedesiredinformation

C.studiedsuchunitsasurbanghettos

D.isconsideredfounderofethnography

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.detailednote-taking

B.randomselection

C.tape-recording

D.on-the-spotinvestigation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段的最后一句“Thustheformulatingofgeneralizationsaboutcultureandthedrawingofcomparisonsinevitablybecomecomponentsofethnography.因此，對(duì)文化概括進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的闡述和比較不可避免地成為民族志的一部分?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J(rèn)為民族志不僅僅只是理論上的，還要對(duì)文化進(jìn)行比較研究。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Justastheanthropologistbringstothesituationcertaininherent,ifunconscious,culturalbiases,soalsoisheinfluencedbythesubjectofhisstudy.正如人類學(xué)家將某些固有的，也許是無意識(shí)的，文化偏見帶到這種情況中，他也會(huì)受到他研究對(duì)象的影響?！盇選擇“回答他問題的人”屬于研究的對(duì)象，會(huì)造成偏見，所以不正確；而人類學(xué)家之所以會(huì)有固有的或者說是無意識(shí)的文化偏見是由于各自不同的文化背景造成的，所以選項(xiàng)B也不正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Afinalhazardinherentinethnographicfieldworkistheever-presentpossibilityofculturalchangeproducedbyorresultingfromtheethnographer’spresenceinthegroup.民族志實(shí)地調(diào)查的最后一個(gè)固有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是，由于民族志學(xué)者的存在而產(chǎn)生或?qū)е挛幕淖兊目赡苄砸恢贝嬖凇！币驗(yàn)樵谶@個(gè)過程中，他們總會(huì)聽到持有偏見的一些觀點(diǎn)。所以選項(xiàng)D也不正確。只有選項(xiàng)C他自己想要得到的信息不會(huì)對(duì)文化研究帶來偏見，所以正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，當(dāng)代民族志通常擁護(hù)群體，而不是個(gè)人，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“由于習(xí)慣形成的個(gè)人行為”不是民族志學(xué)者感興趣的；民族志關(guān)注和專注于描述當(dāng)前的情況，而不是歷史事件，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“與文化共存的當(dāng)前的情況”是民族志學(xué)者感興趣的。傳統(tǒng)上，群體成員之間的共性一直被強(qiáng)調(diào)，然而最近的民族志已經(jīng)開始對(duì)文化系統(tǒng)中差異的重要性產(chǎn)生了興趣，由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“在一種文化中成員之間常見的行為模式”和D選項(xiàng)“存在于文化中的差異”都是民族志學(xué)者所關(guān)注的內(nèi)容。所以本題選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句“ThetoolsoftheethnographerhavechangedradicallysinceMalinowski’stime.Whiledetailednotesarestillamainstayoffieldwork,ethnographershavetakenfulladvantageoftechnologicaldevelopmentssuchasmotionpicturesandtaperecorderstoaugmenttheirwrittenaccounts.自馬林諾夫斯基時(shí)代以來，民族志學(xué)者的工具已經(jīng)發(fā)生了根本的變化。雖然詳細(xì)的筆記仍然是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作的主要手段，但民族志學(xué)者已經(jīng)充分利用了技術(shù)的發(fā)展，如電影和錄音機(jī)，以增加他們的文字記錄?！彼赃x項(xiàng)B“用錄音機(jī)記錄所需信息”符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)上一題可知，自馬林諾夫斯基時(shí)代以來，民族志學(xué)者的工具已經(jīng)發(fā)生了根本的變化。雖然詳細(xì)的筆記仍然是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作的主要手段，但民族志學(xué)者已經(jīng)充分利用了技術(shù)的發(fā)展，如電影和錄音機(jī)，以增加他們的文字記錄。由此可以推斷出早期民族志學(xué)者用的方法是記錄詳細(xì)的筆記，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.單選題

Wecannotbe（）withhimduetohismisbehavioratthemeetingyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Pecked

B.reconciled

C.perturbed

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。peck啄食；perturb感到不安；presumed推定。Bereconcilewith為固定搭配，表示與……和解。

7.單選題

Thefarmisamajormarketplaceformillionsoftonsofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,andforadvancedmachineryandthefuelrequiredtorunit.Themodemsuper-farm,largeandhighlycapitalized,isresourcedependentcomparedwiththediversifiedsmallfarmsthatwereoncedominant.Ondiversifiedfarms,majorenergyneedsmaybesuppliedbyresidenthumansandanimals.Soilfertilitymaybemaintainedbyalternatingcashcropsandrestorativecrops,andalsobyreturninganimalmanuretothesoil.Thisfarmingmodelofrelativelyself-sufficientagriculture,andthewayoflifeassociatedwithit,arestilleconomicallyviable，asdemonstratedbyprosperousAmishfarmersandotherpractitionersof“alternative”agriculture.Particularlyrelevanttotoday’smainstreamagriculturearetheenergy-savingpracticesonlarge“organic”farms,whicharethoroughlymechanizedbutwhichminimizetheuseofpesticidesandsyntheticfertilizers.

Bycomparison,mainstreamAmericanagriculturehasuntillatelybeencarelessinitsuseofenergy,water,andland.Whenfossilenergywascheap,applicationsoffertilizersandpesticidespaidlargedividends,sofarmerswereencouragedtousetheseproducts.Soonmostfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizerandpesticide.Farmersindryregionsenjoyedaneraofcheapwater，obtainedfrompubliclysubsidizedirrigationsystemsorfrompumpinggroundwaterusinginexpensiveenergy.ThesoiltoowasexpendableasdemandgrewforU.S.agriculturalproducts.

Theperiodofextraordinaryprofligacyintheuseofsoil,water,andfossilfuelsmaywellbeatanend.Thenewstructureoflargefarmsisquitesensitivetocostfactors.Theseadaptivefarms,whosedevelopmentwasassistedbypublictax,subsidy,andresearchpolicies,haveaccesstocapital,technologies,andmanagementskills,enablingthemtoswitchrelativelyquicklytoresource-conservingpractices—forexample,toalow-tillagesystemthatrequireslessfuel,thatshepherdssoilmoisture,andthatmayreducesoilerosion.Itseemslikelythatfederalprogramsthathaveenlargedourfarms,therefore,havehadafurtherresultofcreatingthepotentialforamoreconservingagriculture.Withrespecttoenergyuse,forexample,energycostsperunitofoutputarelowerforlargefarms,mainlybecausethesefarmsquicklyeconomizedonenergyascostsrose.Inthefuture,accordingtooneauthoritativeassessment,“agriculturalproductionislikelytousecapitalandlandmoreintensivelybutenergy,fertilizerandlaborlessintensively”.

1.Themaindifferencebetweenthemodemsuper-farmanddiversifiedfarmsliesin（）

2.Thesecondparagraphfocusesonthefactthat（）

3.Theword‘profligacy’inParagraphThreemostprobablymeans（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheproblemofresourceconservationinagriculture（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirsizes

B.themachineryemployed

C.thedegreeofdependenceonresources

D.thekindsofcropscultivatedandanimalsraised

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fossilenergywasonceverycheap

B.farmsindryareascouldgetcheapwater

C.mostAmericanfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizerandpesticide

D.mainstreamAmericanagricultureusedtobewastefulofenergy,waterandland

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wastefulness

B.carefulness

C.profitability

D.economy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thefarmingmodelandthewayoflifeondiversifiedfarmsareworkable.

B.Large‘organic’farmsuselargeamountsofpesticidesandsyntheticfertilizers.

C.Thenewadaptivefarmsarecapableofresource-conservingpractices.

D.Toreducesoilerosionisaresource-conservingpractice.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeensolvedintheU.S.

B.hasnotyetbeenpaidanyattention

C.isbeingseriouslyandeffectivelydealtwith

D.willsoonbesolvedbyusingmorecapitalandland

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Themodemsuperfarm,largeandhighlycapitalized,isresourcedependentcomparedwiththediversifiedsmallfarmsthatwereoncedominant.”現(xiàn)代超級(jí)農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模大、高度資本化，與曾經(jīng)占主導(dǎo)地位的多樣化的小型農(nóng)場(chǎng)相比，資源依賴性強(qiáng)。因此，兩者的不同主要在于資源依賴的程度不同。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Bycomparison,mainstreamAmericanagriculturehasuntillatelybeencarelessinitsuseofenergy,water,andland.”相比之下，直到最近，美國(guó)主流農(nóng)業(yè)在能源、水和土地的使用上還很粗心。接下來，作者分別從能源、水和土壤三方面描述了浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.詞義題。第三段的首句是承接上一段的內(nèi)容，第二段主要是講美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)土壤、水和化石燃料的浪費(fèi)。所以profligacy指wastefulness，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Particularlyrelevanttotoday’smainstreamagricultureare...syntheticfertilizers.”與今天的主流農(nóng)業(yè)特別相關(guān)的是大型“有機(jī)”農(nóng)場(chǎng)的節(jié)能做法，這些農(nóng)場(chǎng)完全機(jī)械化，能夠最大限度地減少農(nóng)藥和合成肥料的使用。所以選項(xiàng)B表述錯(cuò)誤。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知農(nóng)業(yè)資源保護(hù)問題正在得到認(rèn)真有效的解決。選項(xiàng)C正確。

8.填空題

Iwenttoseeamovielastnight.ThefilmwasaBritishcomedythathadbeen（1）tomebyanumberofmyfriends.Itturned（2）tobe

justasfunnyasthey’dsaiditwouldbe.I（3）sohardthattherewere

tearsinmyeyes,especiallyattheclimaxtowardtheend.Thefilmiswithout（4）thefunniestthatI’veeverseen.Whenyougeta（5）,you

shouldseeit（6）.

句意:

昨晚我去看了一部電影。這是一部英國(guó)喜劇電影，由很多我的朋友向我推薦。它證明是如他們所說的那樣有趣。我笑得那么厲害，以致我的眼淚都出來了，尤其是在接近尾聲的高潮時(shí)。這部電影無疑是我曾經(jīng)看過的最有趣的電影。如果你有機(jī)會(huì)的話，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

【答案】1.recommended

2.out

3.laughed

4.doubt

5.chance

6.too

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句意：由很多我的朋友推薦。

2.固定搭配。turnout證明是，原來是。

3.邏輯銜接。由后面的關(guān)鍵詞“thefunniestthatI’veeverseen是我曾經(jīng)看過的最有趣的電影?！笨赏浦@里指“笑得厲害到眼淚都出來了”。

4.固定搭配。withoutdoubt毫無疑問。

5.邏輯銜接。句意為：若有機(jī)會(huì)，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

6.語(yǔ)義題。句意:若有機(jī)會(huì)，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

9.單選題

Dave’s______imaginationenableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tentative

B.whimsical

C.whining

D.querulous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tentative“試驗(yàn)性的，暫定的”，B項(xiàng)whimsical“古怪的，異想天開的”，C項(xiàng)whining是動(dòng)詞whine的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“抱怨，發(fā)牢騷”，D項(xiàng)querulous“易怒的，暴躁的”。由后面的enableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories（能讓他講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事）可知，______imagination表示“異想天開的想象力”。句意：戴夫異想天開的想象力使他能講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Thesearetwo（）issues,butpeopleoftentakethemasone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oblivious

B.distinguished

C.distinct

D.evident

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)oblivious“遺忘的，健忘的”。B選項(xiàng)distinguished“著名的，卓著的”。C選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的，獨(dú)特的，有區(qū)別的”。D選項(xiàng)evident“明顯的，明白的”。句意：這是兩個(gè)截然不同的問題，但人們往往把它們視為一個(gè)問題。but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明前面所表述的問題是不同的，獨(dú)特的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Youngsterswhodrinkandsmoke,andareoftenabsentfromschoolarefarmorelikelytobe（）fromschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.induced

B.disobeyed

C.expelled

D.forbidden

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A,B,D都不能與介詞from搭配應(yīng)用。beexpelledfromschool意為被學(xué)校開除,符合句意。句意：酗酒、吸煙、經(jīng)常曠課的青少年更有可能被學(xué)校開除。

12.單選題

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高氣揚(yáng)）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(帶頭，做先鋒)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯結(jié)束后仍然很受歡迎)。C選項(xiàng)說從拳擊退役后，他的聲望下降了,與原文不符。

2.語(yǔ)義題。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，這里要表達(dá)的是“豐富的才能,足智多謀”，productive最相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了膚色障礙,成為第一個(gè)黑人棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員)。B選項(xiàng)與此不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。文中提到的每個(gè)名人在其領(lǐng)域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度認(rèn)可。

5.主旨大意題。本文只介紹了一些非裔美國(guó)人在政治和文化方面的生平事跡，但是并沒有著重于他們帶來的影響。

13.單選題

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我這種藥可以治愈我的頭痛而不傷害我。選項(xiàng)A，C，D均表示治療。heal多指創(chuàng)傷，外傷愈合；cure多指病后恢復(fù)健康；treat多指對(duì)傷口或者病情進(jìn)行診斷，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。所以選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

TheroleofthepartysysteminAmericanpoliticshasalwaysbeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aunityinsteadofdividing

B.unifyinginsteadofadivision

C.nottodividebuttounite

D.notdividingbutaunion

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定句型not…but…“不是……而是…..”，可排除A和B選項(xiàng)。且前后結(jié)構(gòu)需要保持一致，句意：政黨制度在美國(guó)政治中所起的作用一直是團(tuán)結(jié)而不是分裂。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimproving

thelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如果這里有人不同意我的意見，他應(yīng)該提出自己的計(jì)劃來改善這些人的生活條件。

16.單選題

Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accordingly

B.accidentally

C.artificially

D.additionally

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accordingly“照著，相應(yīng)地，因此”；B選項(xiàng)accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C選項(xiàng)artificially“人工的，人造的”；D選項(xiàng)additionally“此外”。空格處副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：關(guān)于科學(xué)的錯(cuò)誤觀念之一是許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然發(fā)生的。

17.單選題

Itisawell-knownhypothesisthatnewbornscanimmediatelyidentifythesmelloftheirmother'samnioticfluid;otherthanthisonepotentialexception,tasteinfragrancecanbethoughtofasnurturedintotalitybyexperienceandinfluence.Thereis,ofcourse,anargumentthatnatureintervenestotemperasubject'sagencybyinducingunfavorablereactionstoharmfulandpoisonousmaterialsthatcausesanegativeolfactoryassociation,forexample,thesmellofrottenfoodbecominglinkedtotheexperienceoffoodpoisoning.However,inmostcasestheprocessofdecidingbadfromgoodsmellsiscontrolledbysocietal(parental)censorshipanditsconverse—publicappreciation.ThislogicisakintotheFrenchphilosopherLouisAlthusser'stheoryofinterpellationinrelationtosubjectivityandidentity-making.ForAlthusser,humansubjectivity(arguablycomparabletoconsciousnessitself)isatypeofideology.InAlthusser'sviewitisimpossibletoavoidtheideologyofsubjectivityandforthisreasonsubjectsare‘a(chǎn)lwaysalreadyinterpellated',evenbeforetheyareborn.Althusser'sphilosophyessentiallyarguesthatonecannotseeoneselfoutsideofideologyandone'sidentityisformedbymirroringoneselfintheideologyalreadypresent.Inrelationto(olfactory)taste-making,thisissignificantastastecanbethoughtofasasubsetofsubjectivityandthereforechoosingafragranceisaninterpellatingactivitythatparadoxicallybothaffirmsanddisplacesasubject'ssenseoffreeagency.Thehailcomesfrommarketingandemotiveretailexperiences;theideologythatofpersonalenhancement;themomentofinterpellationtakingplaceatthepointofsale.Thereare,inmyopinion,pertinentlinkstobemadebetweeninterpellationandthepsychoanalystJacquesLacan'sworkonthemirrorstageininfants.ThisisdescribedbyLacanasthemomentwhenachildseesthemselvesforthefirsttimeina(conceptual)mirror,recognizesthemselvesastheimageinthemirror,anddissociatesthebeliefinafragmentedbodywithavisualwholenessthreatenedbyliteralandmetaphoricalfragmentation(oftheirownbody/ofthereplicationoftheirbodyinthemirror),resultinginatensionbetweenthephysicalbodyandtheimagedbody.Itisalsothemomentwhenthechildisabletoapperceive—theconceptofseeingoneselfoutsideofoneselfasanobject.Inanattempttoalleviatethistension,Lacanarguesthatthechildthenfullyidentifiesitselfwiththeimage,andasaresulttheEgoisformedthroughvisualmeans,resultinginatemporarycognitivejubilationinthebaby'sapparentmasteryoveritsownimage.AsAlthusser,Lacanseestheideologyofsubjectivityasaprerequisiteofadevelopedconsciousness.Oncethishashappened,furtherunderstandingofself-presentationandself-fashioningcanbeginthatgovernone'sownidentity-formationfortherestoflife.Althoughbabiesareawareofthefragrancestimuliaroundthematayoungage,includingthepeculiaritiesofsmellsproducedbythem,IwouldarguethatthemomentofwhatItermmatureolfactoryapperceptionhappensmuchlaterthanotherformsofpracticalself-awarenessandtendstooccuraroundpubertywhenissuesofolfactoryurgencyarisearoundbodilychanges.Iamarguingthattherecogniti