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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽醫(yī)學(xué)高等??茖W(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Everymonth¥3is(
)fromoursalaryforhouserepairingpayment.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.excluded
B.expelled
C.compelled
D.docked
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exclude“排除,排斥”;expel“開(kāi)除,逐出”;compel“迫使,強(qiáng)迫”;dock“扣除”。句意:每個(gè)月會(huì)從我們的工資中扣除3元作為房屋維修基金。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
2.單選題
Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey___toviolenceinordertoescape.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.proceed
B.appeal
C.resort
D.incline
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.proceed開(kāi)始;繼續(xù)進(jìn)行B.appeal呼吁;懇求
C.resort訴諸;采取D.incline傾向于
【考察點(diǎn)】詞組辨析
【解題思路】句意為只有動(dòng)物在被困住的時(shí)候,它們才會(huì)采取暴力措施來(lái)逃走。C選項(xiàng)resort接to表采取的意思,符合句意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)proceedto繼續(xù)下去;
B選項(xiàng)appealto呼吁;上訴;要求;對(duì)……有吸引力;
D選項(xiàng)inclineto傾向于。Inclineto更多指具有什么傾向。但是該題目應(yīng)該選采取暴力措施。因?yàn)轭}意為動(dòng)物們已經(jīng)被困住了;
以上選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。
【句意】一般來(lái)說(shuō),只有當(dāng)動(dòng)物被困住時(shí),它們才會(huì)采取暴力措施以逃脫。
3.單選題
Whenwesoldourranchandmovedtotown,motherhaddecided______openadaynursery.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.on
C.in
D.for
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:當(dāng)我們賣掉農(nóng)場(chǎng)搬到鎮(zhèn)上時(shí),母親決定開(kāi)一個(gè)日間托兒所。decidetodosth.是固定搭配,意為“決定做某事”。其他三項(xiàng)不能和decide搭配。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Hesaidthatendingtheagreementwould(
)thefutureofsmallorfamily-runshops,leadtofewerbooksbeingpublishedandincreasepricesofallbutafewbestsellers.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.venture
B.expose
C.jeopardize
D.legalize
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。venture“冒險(xiǎn)”;expose“揭露,揭發(fā)”;jeopardize“損害”;legalize“使合法化”。句意:他說(shuō),終止協(xié)議不利于小型或家庭式經(jīng)營(yíng)書(shū)店未來(lái)的發(fā)展,那樣會(huì)減少圖書(shū)出版量,而且會(huì)提高除部分暢銷書(shū)以外全部圖書(shū)的價(jià)格。由leadto…可知是導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果,故空格處要填貶義詞,答案C
5.單選題
Whathesaidinthemeeting()everybodypresent.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.disgusted
B.dismissed
C.disposed
D.eliminated
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disgust“厭惡的,厭煩的”。B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解雇的,解散的”。C選項(xiàng)dispose“有……傾向的,打算做……的”。D選項(xiàng)eliminate“被淘汰,消除”。句意:他在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話使在場(chǎng)的每個(gè)人都感到厭惡。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.翻譯題
PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.
Thefirstsnowcame.Howbeautifulitwas,fallingsosilentlyalldaylong,allnightlong,onthemountains,onthemeadows,ontheroofsoftheliving,onthegravesofthedead!Allwhitesavetheriver,thatmarkeditscoursebyawindingblacklineacrossthelandscape;andtheleaflesstress,thatagainsttheleadenskynowrevealedmorefullythewonderfulbeautyandintricaciesoftheirbranches.Whatsilence,too,camewiththesnow!
Nowwearealllivinginmodemtime.Asthesocietyhasdeveloped,euthanasia(安樂(lè)死)ormercykillinghasreturnedtotheworld’shomepage.Manyreportsaboutrelevantcasesandresultsofscholarlyresearchoftenappearonthefrontpageofthenewspapers.Euthanasiaissometimescalledmercykilling,doctors-assistedsuicideorpainlessdeath.Itisusuallyunderstoodasamercifulacttorelieveaterminally-illpatient’sunbearablephysicalpain.Whilethemajorityofsocietyseemstofavorthissupposedlyhumanitarianpractice,itstillcouldtakedecadesforthecountry’slegislativeandjudicialdepartmentstodealwiththehighlycontroversialissue:NospecificlawofrulegovernseuthanasiaassuchinChina,buttheactfitsthevagueconceptof“intentionalkilling”intheCriminalCode.Yetthevoicescallingforlegislationoneuthanasiahavebecomelouderinrecentyears.
【答案】第一場(chǎng)雪來(lái)了。多么美?。∷照轨o靜地飄著,落在山嶺上,落在草地里,落在世人的屋頂上,落在死者的墳?zāi)股?!一片白茫茫中,只有河流在美麗的?huà)面上劃出了一道彎彎曲曲的黑線;樹(shù)葉掉光了的老鼠,映襯著灰色的天空,枝丫交錯(cuò),更顯風(fēng)姿。下雪的時(shí)候,一切多么安靜?。?/p>
如今我們都生活在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,安樂(lè)死或者憐憫致死術(shù)已經(jīng)成為世界的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。許多相關(guān)案例和學(xué)術(shù)研究結(jié)果的報(bào)道經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的頭版。安樂(lè)死有時(shí)被稱為憐憫致死術(shù)、醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺或叫做無(wú)痛死亡。它通常被理解為一種仁慈的行為,用來(lái)減輕絕癥病人無(wú)法忍受的疼痛。雖然大部分人似乎支持這種所謂的人道主義行為,但是對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家的立法和司法部門來(lái)說(shuō),這是頗具爭(zhēng)議的,起碼需要數(shù)十年來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。比如中國(guó)就沒(méi)有專門的法律來(lái)管理安樂(lè)死,但是安樂(lè)死符合其刑法里的“故意殺人”這一模糊的概念。然而,今年來(lái)要求立法安樂(lè)死的呼聲越來(lái)越高。
7.單選題
Becauseheis(
),wecannotpredictwhatcoursehewillfollowatanymoment.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.incoherent
B.capricious
C.sedate
D.deleterious
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incoherent“語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次的;不連貫的;不合邏輯的”;B選項(xiàng)capricious“反復(fù)無(wú)常的;任性的”;C選項(xiàng)sedate“安靜的;沉著的”;D選項(xiàng)deleterious“有毒的;有害的”。句意:因?yàn)樗ぁぁぁぁぁ?,所以我們無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)他將在任何時(shí)候采取什么行動(dòng)。“無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)”與B選項(xiàng)“反復(fù)無(wú)?!毕喾稀R虼薆選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.
TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.
Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.
FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80’s),butIndia’shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.
21.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo______.
22.Studieshaveshownthat______.
23.Accordingtothepassage,atiger’sterritory______.
24.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger______.
25.Theauthorseems______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.studythegrowthrateoftigers
B.protecttigersfrombeingkilled
C.promotethebreedingofyoungtigers
D.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.atigressneverattacksuntilattacked
B.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigers
C.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritory
D.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.remainsunchanged
B.isoftendefendedbytigresses
C.expandsasthetigergrowsup
D.isthecauseofmostfights
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.hasbeencarriedtoofar
B.hasnotreceivedenoughattention
C.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoal
D.isnotworththemoneyspentonit
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTiger
B.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTiger
C.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTiger
D.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】21.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“老虎計(jì)劃的最終目標(biāo)是……”。定位文章第一段,該段講述了老虎數(shù)量銳減,最后提到ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.(世界自然基金會(huì)資助的老虎項(xiàng)目立即啟動(dòng)。建立了9個(gè)老虎保護(hù)區(qū),有武裝警衛(wèi)保護(hù)它們。),可推知老虎被捕殺是其數(shù)量劇減的根本原因,因此使老虎免于被殺是野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)基金會(huì)的最終目的。B項(xiàng)“保護(hù)老虎不被殺害”正確。A項(xiàng)“研究老虎的生長(zhǎng)速度”和C項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)幼虎的繁殖”沒(méi)提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。D項(xiàng)“分析老虎的行為模式”在第二段有提及,定位第一句TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.(該項(xiàng)目為來(lái)自印度和國(guó)外的研究人員提供了研究保護(hù)區(qū)老虎的機(jī)會(huì),并收集了以前無(wú)法獲得的關(guān)于老虎習(xí)性的信息)可知,該項(xiàng)并不是這個(gè)老虎項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo),而是其有利之處,屬于張冠李戴。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
22.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“研究表明……”。定位第三段第二句Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.(但研究表明老虎捕捉獵物的成功率僅為1/20)可知,老虎捕捉獵物的成功率很低,所以D項(xiàng)“老虎并不是通常所說(shuō)的高效的獵手”正確。A項(xiàng)“母老虎在受到攻擊之前從不攻擊”和B項(xiàng)“母老虎不像其他老虎那樣兇猛”沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.(但它會(huì)根據(jù)其他老虎獨(dú)特的身體氣味,盡量避免爭(zhēng)奪地盤)可知,C項(xiàng)“一只老虎通常與另一只老虎搏斗以保衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)土”與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
23.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章,老虎的領(lǐng)地……”。定位第二段第二句Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.(研究表明,根據(jù)年齡、體型和力量,雄性老虎可以控制10到20平方公里的狩獵區(qū)域),以及第三句Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.(雄虎的領(lǐng)地包括三到四只雌虎的小領(lǐng)地)可知,一頭雄老虎依年齡、體型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩獵領(lǐng)地,隨著老虎的長(zhǎng)大,其體型及力量都在增大,其占領(lǐng)的狩獵領(lǐng)地的面積自然也就增大,C項(xiàng)“隨著老虎的成長(zhǎng)而擴(kuò)大”正確。A項(xiàng)“保持不變”與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。B項(xiàng)“通常由母老虎保護(hù)”沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.(但它會(huì)根據(jù)其他老虎獨(dú)特的身體氣味,盡量避免爭(zhēng)奪地盤)可知,D項(xiàng)“是大多數(shù)打架的原因”也是反向干擾。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
24.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“有些人害怕老虎計(jì)劃……”。定位最后一段第一句FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.(最近人們開(kāi)始擔(dān)心“老虎計(jì)劃”太成功了),toosuccessful與A項(xiàng)中的carriedtoofar是同樣的意思,所以A項(xiàng)“做得太過(guò)火”正確。B項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有得到足夠的重視”和C項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)它的目標(biāo)”與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。D項(xiàng)“不值得花這么多錢”沒(méi)提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
25.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者看起來(lái)……”。縱觀全文,作者對(duì)于老虎保護(hù)項(xiàng)目沒(méi)有加入個(gè)人的主觀色彩,也沒(méi)有描述主觀情感的詞語(yǔ),所以他持的是一種客觀的態(tài)度。B項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃采取實(shí)事求是的態(tài)度”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃充滿熱情”、C項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃持?jǐn)硨?duì)態(tài)度”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃感到滿意”都是曲解原文。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
9.單選題
Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedanti-intellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalsosomehowuntrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythisfeelingthereislittleuseinarguing,eitherforhistoryorliterature,orforpoetryormusic,orfortheartsingeneral.
Withothers,thereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbegroundedinaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthissoughtthroughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonlyworthwhile;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.
Thestudyandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyone;alltheartsandsciencesaresuchapproaches.Allhavetheirplaces;allaregood;andeachtouchestheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutions,afflictedbymentalarteriosclerosis,thateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionareattributedentirelytothehistorians,thesocialscientists,orthephysicalscientists.IsPepys’Diary(aliterarywork)historyorsociologyorliterature?Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistoriansfoundthatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabin,TenNightsinaBarRoomandTheCrisis(allliteraryworks)havethemselveshelpedtomakehistory.
Evenatthemoment,whenscientificinvestigationbecomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsandepisodes,itisbecomingclearertothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenatatimewhentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthisbrethrenwhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblem,thelaymanisfarenoughremovedfromallthisspecializationtoseethewhole,possiblyevenmoreclearlythandothespecialists.Betweenhistory,biography,theartsandsciences,andevenjournalism,whocoulddrawairtightdistinctions?Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistory,andmayitnotbecomeliterature?
1.TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.
2.Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas____.
3.Whoismostlikelytorecognizetheunderlyingunityofdiversefacts?
4.Whatismostnecessaryinaperiodofgreatspecialization?
5.Themainintentofthisarticleseemstobethe____.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.anignoranceofscience
B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavors
C.disregardofintellectualendeavors
D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappiness
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.beingstrictlysociological
B.havingdistinctiveliteraryvalues
C.havingonlyonehistoricalimplication
D.havingmultipleimplications
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theintellectual.
B.Thehistorian.
C.Thescientist.
D.Thelayman.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Seeinghowpartsformawhole.
B.Seeingthewholeasaresultofitsparts.
C.Absoluteconcentrationonminutedetails.
D.Journalisticaccounts.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.classificationofcertainliteraryworks
B.dissolutionofstrictclassification
C.formationofanewnomenclature
D.appraisalandclassificationofhistory
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.作者認(rèn)為二十世紀(jì)類似于黑暗時(shí)代是因?yàn)開(kāi)___。
A.anignoranceofscienceA.對(duì)科學(xué)的無(wú)知
B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavorsB.對(duì)智力活動(dòng)的欣賞
C.disregardofintellectualendeavorsC.對(duì)智力活動(dòng)的漠視
D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappinessD.一心一意追求幸福
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAges定位到原文第一段第一句,該句提到“在二十世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了一種明顯的反智主義(就像它之前出現(xiàn)的那樣,在我們喜歡稱之為黑暗的時(shí)代),認(rèn)為各類研究和文學(xué)(studiesandliterature)不僅是徒勞的,而且在某種程度上不值得信任?!庇纱丝芍?,作者認(rèn)為二十世紀(jì)類似于黑暗時(shí)代,是因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)時(shí)代都出現(xiàn)了一種反智主義,認(rèn)為各類研究和文學(xué)都是無(wú)用的、不值得信任的。各類研究和文學(xué)都屬于智力活動(dòng),因此,C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)智力活動(dòng)的漠視”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)科學(xué)的無(wú)知”,不僅僅是科學(xué),還有文學(xué)藝術(shù),該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)智力活動(dòng)的欣賞”,與原文表達(dá)的意思相反,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“一心一意追求幸福”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas____.《皮普斯日記》應(yīng)該被視為_(kāi)___。
A.beingstrictlysociologicalA.嚴(yán)格地屬于社會(huì)學(xué)
B.havingdistinctiveliteraryvaluesB.具有獨(dú)特的文學(xué)價(jià)值
C.havingonlyonehistoricalimplicationC.只有一個(gè)歷史意義
D.havingmultipleimplicationsD.有多種意義
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Pepys’Diary定位到原文第三段第六句。該句提到“《皮普斯日記》(文學(xué)作品)是歷史、社會(huì)學(xué)還是文學(xué)?”該段第三句提到“他們各有各的位置;都好;彼此接觸(eachtouchestheother)。它們不是密閉艙(notairtightcompartments)。”因此可知,作者認(rèn)為不同的領(lǐng)域不是封閉,而是彼此接觸,存在重疊的部分。后文中關(guān)于《皮普斯日記》的提問(wèn),說(shuō)明作者是想表達(dá)《皮普斯日記》并不是單純的文學(xué)作品,它也有歷史的和社會(huì)學(xué)的價(jià)值。因此,D選項(xiàng)“有多種意義”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格地屬于社會(huì)學(xué)”,只提到了一個(gè)領(lǐng)域,屬于以偏概全;
B選項(xiàng)“具有獨(dú)特的文學(xué)價(jià)值”,只提到了一個(gè)領(lǐng)域,屬于以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“只有一個(gè)歷史意義”,只提到了一個(gè)領(lǐng)域,屬于以偏概全。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Whoismostlikelytorecognizetheunderlyingunityofdiversefacts?誰(shuí)最有可能認(rèn)識(shí)到不同事實(shí)的內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性?
A.Theintellectual.A.知識(shí)分子。
B.Thehistorian.B.歷史學(xué)家。
C.Thescientist.C.科學(xué)家。
D.Thelayman.D.外行人。
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞underlyingunityofdiversefacts定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“外行人(thelayman)越來(lái)越清楚,所有這些都是一個(gè)整體的一部分(allthisispartofonewhole)。”本段第二句提到“外行人可以遠(yuǎn)離所有這些專業(yè)化的東西,看到整體(toseethewhole),甚至可能比專家們看得更清楚。”由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“外行人”最有可能認(rèn)識(shí)到不同事實(shí)的內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)分子”、B選項(xiàng)“歷史學(xué)家”、C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家”都是專業(yè)化人才,根據(jù)原文,可能沒(méi)有門外漢看得清,屬于曲解原文。
第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Whatismostnecessaryinaperiodofgreatspecialization?在一個(gè)高度專業(yè)化的時(shí)期,什么是最必要的?
A.Seeinghowpartsformawhole.A.認(rèn)識(shí)到部分是如何構(gòu)成整體的。
B.Seeingthewholeasaresultofitsparts.B.把整體看作局部的結(jié)果。
C.Absoluteconcentrationonminutedetails.C.十分專注于細(xì)微的細(xì)節(jié)。
D.Journalisticaccounts.D.新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)。
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞greatspecialization定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“即使在科學(xué)調(diào)查變得越來(lái)越專業(yè)化、歷史學(xué)家越來(lái)越專注于歷史時(shí)期和歷史事件的時(shí)候,外行人也越來(lái)越清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到,所有這些都是一個(gè)整體的一部分(allthisispartofonewhole)?!庇纱丝芍恼聫?qiáng)調(diào)要有整體觀。本段倒數(shù)第三句提到“在歷史、傳記、藝術(shù)和科學(xué),甚至是新聞業(yè)之間,誰(shuí)能做出完美的區(qū)分(drawairtightdistinctions)呢”最后一句提到“難道昨天的報(bào)紙不是歷史,難道它不會(huì)成為文學(xué)嗎?”由此可知,文章強(qiáng)調(diào)不需要太過(guò)專業(yè)化的區(qū)分,有些東西既是這個(gè),也可能是那個(gè)。因此,B選項(xiàng)“把整體看作局部的結(jié)果”最符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)識(shí)到部分是如何構(gòu)成整體的”,原文雖然強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的重要性,但是并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)部分構(gòu)成整體的方式,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過(guò)度;
C選項(xiàng)“十分專注于細(xì)微的細(xì)節(jié)”,與原文表達(dá)的意義相反,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)”,原文并未提及,屬于無(wú)中生有。
第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Themainintentofthisarticleseemstobethe____.這篇文章的主要目的或許是____。
A.classificationofcertainliteraryworksA.某些文學(xué)作品的分類
B.dissolutionofstrictclassificationB.解除嚴(yán)格分類
C.formationofanewnomenclatureC.新命名法的形成
D.appraisalandclassificationofhistoryD.歷史的評(píng)價(jià)和分類
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是作者寫本文的主要目的。原文第一段主要內(nèi)容,二十世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了不相信研究和文學(xué)的反智主義;第二段主要內(nèi)容,對(duì)真理的追求是文明的基石;第三段主要內(nèi)容,無(wú)論是藝術(shù)還是科學(xué),研究和閱讀歷史,都是通往真理的途徑,因?yàn)槲膶W(xué)和藝術(shù)有助于創(chuàng)造歷史;第四段主要內(nèi)容,要有整體觀,歷史、傳記、藝術(shù)和科學(xué),甚至是新聞業(yè)之間,無(wú)法做出完美的區(qū)分。綜上所述,B選項(xiàng)“解除嚴(yán)格分類”更符合原文的寫作目的。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“某些文學(xué)作品的分類”,“文學(xué)作品”只是文章提到的部分內(nèi)容,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“新命名法的形成”,原文沒(méi)有提到“新的命名法”,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“歷史的評(píng)價(jià)和分類”,“歷史”只是文章的部分內(nèi)容,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
10.單選題
Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.
Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.
Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.
DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”?
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?
3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”?
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?
5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.
B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.
C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.
D.Tosleepmodestly.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.
B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.
C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,
D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.
B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.
C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.
D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.
B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.
C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.
D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.
B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.
C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.
D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。題干:根據(jù)本文,“睡眠不足”指的是什么?文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”說(shuō)明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小時(shí)的睡眠,而成人需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.判斷推理題。題干:根據(jù)第3段,下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的?第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”,別人生病后就會(huì)意識(shí)到多睡一小時(shí)的好處,對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。
3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:為什么會(huì)有所謂的“睡眠癱瘓癥”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”,可知“睡眠癱瘓癥”發(fā)生在大腦從快速眼動(dòng)周期喚醒時(shí),身體仍保持不動(dòng)狀態(tài),因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)最后一段,下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的?最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大腦一天產(chǎn)生的記憶是脆弱的,需要睡眠幫忙鞏固記憶。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:睡眠不足對(duì)人的身心有什么影響?第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”;第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”;最后一段提到“memoryloss”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
11.單選題
Theflickerofimpatienceinthehusband'seyesmeltsintobemused_______ashiswifeasksfor"justalittlemoretime"atthemall.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.resignation
B.regradation
C.retiral
D.reverse
【答案】A
【解析】resignation放棄,順從;regradation倒退,后退;retiral退休,撤退;reverse相反,倒退。句意:當(dāng)妻子要求在商場(chǎng)“再多待一會(huì)兒”時(shí),丈夫眼中閃現(xiàn)的不耐煩化為了呆滯的放棄。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
12.單選題
Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.consensus
B.census
C.censorship
D.conscience
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“一致;輿論;合意”;B選項(xiàng)census“人口普查,人口調(diào)查;(官方的)統(tǒng)計(jì),調(diào)查”;C選項(xiàng)censorship“審查制度;審查機(jī)構(gòu)”;D選項(xiàng)conscience“道德心,良心”。句意:人們普遍認(rèn)為,把陳年的酒倒進(jìn)同一個(gè)瓶子里是錯(cuò)誤的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Thegreatestadvantageofthemarketeconomyisthatitcan()thedistributionofthenaturalresourcesandmanpower.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.optimize
B.maximize
C.minimize
D.allocate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:optimize“使最優(yōu)化;使盡可能有效”;B:maximize“最大化”;C:minimize“最小化”;D:allocate“分配”。句意:市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)是它能最優(yōu)化自然資源和人力的分配。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,由前文談及了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢(shì),以及賓語(yǔ)“distribution分配”可知,A為正確答案。
14.單選題
ChristianscalmJesuswasareal(
)character,butsometodayhavetheirdoubts.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.historical
B.historic
C.history
D.historian
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。historical意為“歷史的,歷史上的”,指的是和歷史有關(guān)的或是歷史上出現(xiàn)過(guò)的人或事;historic意為“有歷史影響的”,指重要的歷史事件;history意為“歷史,歷史學(xué)”;historian意為“歷史學(xué)家”。
句意:基督徒聲稱耶穌是歷史上一個(gè)真實(shí)的人物,但今天有些人對(duì)此表示懷疑。
15.單選題
I()thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.perceived
B.deceived
C.conceived
D.received
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perceive“察覺(jué);理解;認(rèn)知”;B選項(xiàng)deceive“欺騙;行騙”;C選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕;構(gòu)思;持有”;D選項(xiàng)receive“收到;接待;接納”。句意:……他的腿有點(diǎn)瘸,所以我放慢了腳步?!拔摇狈怕_步是因?yàn)椤鞍l(fā)現(xiàn)、察覺(jué)”他腿腳不便,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Janehas()wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.deservedly
B.exactly
C.despicably
D.diffusely
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。deservedly“理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)亍保籩xactly“恰好地”;despicably“可鄙地,卑劣地”;diffusely“廣泛地,擴(kuò)散地”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意,簡(jiǎn)理所應(yīng)當(dāng)贏得大家的尊重。
17.單選題
Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasily_____foramonthorayearasforasingleday.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.putup
B.stayup
C.speedup
D.makeup
【答案】A
【解析】putup在某地投宿;stayup熬夜,不睡覺(jué);speedup加速;makeup組成,化妝,整理。句意:帶著這些東西到任何地方,他都可以輕松地住上一個(gè)月或一年,就好像只住一天一樣。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
18.翻譯題
中國(guó)人講究“義利相兼,以義為先”。中非關(guān)系最大的“義”,就是用中國(guó)發(fā)展助力非洲的發(fā)展、最終實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏、共同發(fā)展。中方支持非洲人以非洲方式解決非洲問(wèn)題,主張解決安全問(wèn)題要標(biāo)本兼治、綜合施策。在工業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、投資和貿(mào)易便利化等領(lǐng)域,中非合作將為雙方企業(yè)投資和貿(mào)易提供更多機(jī)會(huì),從而提高非洲產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,彌補(bǔ)非洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施缺口。在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、綠色發(fā)展、減貧惠民等方面的合作,將促進(jìn)中非企業(yè)分享先進(jìn)技術(shù)和建立可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式,增強(qiáng)自主發(fā)展能力,提高公共治理水平。
【答案】Chinesepeoplepayattentiontothephaseofrighteousnessandconcurrentlytorighteousnessfirst.China-AfricarelationstherighteousnessofthebiggestboostAfrica’sdevelopmentistouseChina’sdevelopment,Ultimatelyachievemutualbenefitandwin-winresults.ThecommondevelopmentofChina’ssupportoftheAfricanpeopleinAfricawaysolvetheproblemofAfrica,arguesthattosolvesecurityproblemstotreatbothcomprehensiveShiCe.Intheindustrialareassuchasinfrastructureconstructioninvestmentandtradefacilitation,china-Africacooperationwillprovidemoreopportunitiesforbothbusinessinvestmentandtrade,toimproveindustrialcompetitiveness,AfricagapsAfricaninfrastructureGreendevelopmentinmodernagriculture
Cooperationinpovertyreductionandpeople’swell-beingwillencourageChineseandAfricancompaniestoshareadvancedtechnologies,establishsustainabledevelopmentmodels,enhancetheircapacityforindependentdevelopmentandimprovepublicgovernance.
19.單選題
Motorwaysare,nodoubtthesafestroadsinBritain.Mile(1)mile,vehicleforvehicle,youaremuch
(2)
likelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredthanonanordinaryroad.On
(3)
hand,ifyoudohaveaseriousaccidentonamotorway,fatalitiesaremuchmorelikelyto
(4)thaninacomparableaccident
(5)
ontheroads.
Motorwayshaveno
(6)
bends,noroundaboutsortrafficlightsand(7)
speedsaremuchgreaterthanonotherroads.Thoughthe70mph.limitis
(8)
inforce,itisoftentreatedwiththecontemptthatmostdrivershaveforthe30mphlimitapplyinginbuiltupareasinBritain.Addedtothisisthefactthatmotorwaydriversseemtoliketravelingingroupswithperhaps
(9)
tenmetersbetweeneachvehicle.Theresultinghorrificpile-ups
(10)
onevehiclestopsforsomereason,suchasmechanicalfailure,drivererrorandsoon,havebecomeall
(11)
familiarthroughpicturesinnewspapersorontelevision.How
(12)ofthesedriversrealizethatittakesacaraboutonehundredmeterstobraketoastop
(13)
70mph?Driversalsoseemtothinkthatmotorwaydrivinggivesthemcompleteprotectionfromthechangingweather.
(14)
wettheroad,whateverthevisibilityinmistorfog,orthey
(15)
atridiculousspeeds,obliviousofpolicewarningsorspeedrestrictions
(16)
theirjourneycomestoaconclusion.Perhapsoneremedy
(17)
thismotorwaymadnesswouldbebetterdrivereducation.Atpresent,learnerdriversarebared
(18)
motorwaysandarethus,asfarasthiskindofdrivingis
(19)
,throwninatthedeepend.However,muchmoreefficientpolicingisrequired,
(20)
itisthedutyofthepolicenotonlytoenforcethelawbutalsotoprotectthegeneralpublicfromitsownfoolishness.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.for
B.after
C.to
D.by
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.more
B.far
C
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