考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東交通學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東交通學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theconceptofthepatient[A]asfirstandforemostanindividualwillbereplacedbyageneric“patient”[B]whoevenmoregeneric“qualityoflife”isdeterminednotbyindividualqualitiesandrelationships[C]butbyaflowchart.Insteadofdying[D]surroundedbyfriendsandfamily,wewillbesurroundedbypaper—andlawyers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asfirstandforemost

B.who

C.butby

D.surrounded

【答案】B

【解析】考查關(guān)系詞用法。B選項(xiàng)處who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞patient，但關(guān)系詞后又有名詞“qualityoflife”，因此關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的成分，應(yīng)把who改為whose。

2.單選題

EventhosewhodisagreedwithCarmen’sviewsrarelyfaultedherforexpressingthem,forthepositionsshetookwereas（

）astheywerecontroversial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.thoughtful

C.subjective

D.commonplace

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。complicated“難懂的，復(fù)雜的”；thoughtful“深思的；體貼的”；subjective“主觀的；自覺(jué)的”；commonplace“平凡的；普通的”。句意：即使是那些不同意卡門(mén)觀點(diǎn)的人，也很少指責(zé)她的表達(dá)，因?yàn)榭ㄩT(mén)所采取的立場(chǎng)如同有爭(zhēng)議那樣讓人深思。由controversial可知，既然該立場(chǎng)有爭(zhēng)議，所以引人深思。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Itmustguidepublicopinion,afterpresenting_______bothsidesofeveryissueandpointingouttoreaderswhatmeasuresseemtopromisethegreatergoodforthegreaternumber.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquisitively

B.inconceivably

C.appallingly

D.impartially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“inquisitively”意為“好問(wèn)地；過(guò)分好奇地”；B選項(xiàng)“inconceivably”意為“不可思議地”；C選項(xiàng)“appallingly”意為“令人毛骨悚然地；駭人聽(tīng)聞地”；D選項(xiàng)“impartially”意為“公平地；無(wú)私地”。句意：它必須引導(dǎo)公眾輿論，在此之前，它必須公正地介紹每一個(gè)問(wèn)題的兩面，并向讀者指出哪些措施似乎能給更多人帶來(lái)更大的好處。由題干可知，Itmustguidepublicopinion（它必須引導(dǎo)公眾輿論），因此它本身就需要是公正，客觀的，不偏頗地引導(dǎo)公正輿論，所以介紹問(wèn)題的不同方面也應(yīng)是公正的。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansthoughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAiberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarningisincomplete;thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarningseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

51.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat______.

52.AccordingtoBruceAiberts,sciencecanserveas______.

53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,paragraph4)?

54.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?

55.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarningwiththatofsmokingbecause______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aprotector

B.ajudge

C.acritic

D.aguide

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Endlessstudieskillaction.

B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

C.Prudentplanninghindersprogress.

D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.

C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.

D.Takesomelegislativemeasures.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“吸煙的支持者提出的論點(diǎn)是……”。第一段第三句提到Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflife（反對(duì)吸煙的游說(shuō)將毀掉我們的生活方式）可以推斷，吸煙的支持者認(rèn)為他們有選擇自己生活方式的自由，因此C項(xiàng)“人們有自由選擇自己的生活方式”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“吸煙與死亡之間沒(méi)有相關(guān)的科學(xué)證據(jù)”，根據(jù)第一段第二句theevidencewasinconclusive（證據(jù)缺乏決定性）可知不是沒(méi)有相關(guān)證據(jù)，而是證據(jù)缺乏決定性，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第四句LotsofAmericansthoughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves（很多美國(guó)人認(rèn)為吸煙導(dǎo)致人死亡的說(shuō)法是胡說(shuō)，在過(guò)去的三十年間，大約1000萬(wàn)吸煙者早逝），可知有大約1000萬(wàn)吸煙者早逝這個(gè)數(shù)量并不是微不足道的，因此B項(xiàng)“過(guò)數(shù)十年中早逝的煙民數(shù)量微不足道”錯(cuò)誤；另外美國(guó)人是認(rèn)為吸煙導(dǎo)致人死亡的說(shuō)法是胡說(shuō)八道，而不是禁煙者胡說(shuō)，因此D項(xiàng)“禁煙者通常都是在胡說(shuō)八道”也不符合題意。故該題選C。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)BruceAlberts，科學(xué)可以作為……”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture（但是科學(xué)確實(shí)為我們提供了關(guān)于未來(lái)的最好指導(dǎo)）可知，科學(xué)可以作為指導(dǎo)，因此D項(xiàng)“指導(dǎo)”正確。A項(xiàng)“保護(hù)者”，B項(xiàng)“法官”及C項(xiàng)“批評(píng)家”都不符合。故該題選D。

53.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者在第四段最后一行說(shuō)‘分析導(dǎo)致的癱瘓’是什么意思？”。根據(jù)第四段第一行提到Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”（但很明顯，總統(tǒng)的大多數(shù)顧問(wèn)仍然沒(méi)有認(rèn)真對(duì)待全球變暖問(wèn)題。他們沒(méi)有制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，而是繼續(xù)推動(dòng)更多的研究——一個(gè)典型的“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”的案例）可知，“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”的意思是研究阻止了行動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生，因此A項(xiàng)“無(wú)休止的研究扼殺了行動(dòng)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)調(diào)查揭示真相”和C項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎計(jì)劃阻礙進(jìn)步”沒(méi)有提到，D項(xiàng)“大量的研究有助于決策”，文中只是提到了更多的研究，沒(méi)有提到研究有助于決策，故該題選A正確。

54.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，政府應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖？”。根據(jù)最后一段第三句IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.（如果政府不采取立法措施，國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)該幫助制定保護(hù)措施）可知，在作者的觀點(diǎn)中，政府應(yīng)該采取立法措施，因此D項(xiàng)“采取一些立法措施”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“提供支持，建設(shè)清潔發(fā)電廠”和B項(xiàng)“提高公眾保護(hù)意識(shí)”都是政府的立法措施能夠做到的，因此包括在里面；C項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)更進(jìn)一步的科學(xué)研究”不是作者想要政府做的，前文提到研究扼殺了行動(dòng)，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；故該題D項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者把全球變暖問(wèn)題和吸煙問(wèn)題聯(lián)系起來(lái)是因?yàn)椤?。作者在文章第一段講述科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為吸煙會(huì)致人死亡，而懷疑者們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為證據(jù)缺乏決定性；第二段接著講述現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了類似的情況，即全球變暖的問(wèn)題，科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D讓我們意識(shí)到全球氣候變暖所帶來(lái)的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅與地球氣候變暖主要是人為造成的；第三段講述就如吸煙問(wèn)題一樣，來(lái)自不同領(lǐng)域的聲音堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為有關(guān)全球變暖的科學(xué)資料還不完整；由此我們可以推斷來(lái)自吸煙問(wèn)題的教訓(xùn)可以運(yùn)用到全球變暖的問(wèn)題上，因此B項(xiàng)“吸煙問(wèn)題的教訓(xùn)可以應(yīng)用于全球變暖的問(wèn)題上”符合題意。文中只是提到關(guān)于全球變暖的問(wèn)題政府一直采取研究，沒(méi)有提到吸煙問(wèn)題上政府的態(tài)度，因此A項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)問(wèn)題都受到了政府的疏忽”不符合題意；C項(xiàng)“吸煙的結(jié)果使全球變暖問(wèn)題惡化”，文章只是通過(guò)吸煙問(wèn)題引出全球變暖的話題，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)問(wèn)題都變得越來(lái)越糟糕了”，文中的確講到兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，但是作者把兩個(gè)問(wèn)題聯(lián)系起來(lái)更多的目的還是通過(guò)吸煙的問(wèn)題引出全球變暖的主題，從而引出吸煙問(wèn)題的教訓(xùn)可以應(yīng)用到全球變暖的問(wèn)題上。故該題B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

5.單選題

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)slender“細(xì)長(zhǎng)的，苗條的”；B選項(xiàng)brittle“脆弱的”；C選項(xiàng)dense“稠密的”；D選項(xiàng)firm“堅(jiān)定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨頭可能容易折斷。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst（1）,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis（2）tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankindsfuture（3）andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis（4）forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They（5）thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus（6）aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower（7）.

Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour（8）forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,（9）afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical（10）timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current（11）ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.（12）,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin（13）grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing（14）4tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe（15）oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.（16）someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen（17）fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat（18）withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage（19）thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.（20）,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generated

B.evolved

C.born

D.originated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.appropriate

C.convenient

D.favorite

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.attainments

B.feasibility

C.entertainments

D.evolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.essential

B.available

C.reliable

D.responsible

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.inform

C.claim

D.convince

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.from

C.of

D.with

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.organizations

B.organisms

C.humans

D.children

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.performance

C.preference

D.passion

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.justas

C.like

D.unlike

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.biological

C.social

D.psychological

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.reviews

B.reference

C.reaction

D.recommendation

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.Inaword

B.Inasense

C.Indeed

D.Inotherwords

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.different

C.thehigher

D.thelower

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.involved

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.regulations

B.formations

C.rules

D.constitutions

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whether

C.Since

D.When

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.different

C.protected

D.isolated

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.exposition

B.comparison

C.contrast

D.interaction

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.appreciation

C.requirement

D.alternative

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresult

B.Afterall

C.Inotherwords

D.Aboveall

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generated“生殖”；B選項(xiàng)evolved“進(jìn)化”；C選項(xiàng)born“出生”；D選項(xiàng)originated“起源”。句意：當(dāng)人類剛剛開(kāi)始進(jìn)化，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言這種工具。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)valuable“珍貴的”；B選項(xiàng)appropriate“合適的”；C選項(xiàng)convenient“方便的”；D選項(xiàng)favorite“最喜歡的”。句意：他們就像新生兒一樣，無(wú)法使用這個(gè)有價(jià)值的工具。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attainments“成就”；B選項(xiàng)feasibility“可行性”；C選項(xiàng)entertainments“娛樂(lè)”；D選項(xiàng)evolution“進(jìn)化”。句意：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來(lái)的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)essential“基本的”；B選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；C選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”；D選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的”。句意：許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語(yǔ)言的能力。beresponsiblefor是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原由”，A,B,C選項(xiàng)不能與for搭配。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)inform“通知”；C選項(xiàng)claim“宣稱”；D選項(xiàng)convince“使確信”。句意：他們聲稱，我們高度進(jìn)化的大腦為我們提供了先天的語(yǔ)言能力?？崭窈髴?yīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，A,B,D選項(xiàng)后面都不能接從句做直接賓語(yǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。providesb.withsth.是固定搭配，表示“給某人提供某物”。句意：我們高度進(jìn)化的大腦為我們提供了先天的語(yǔ)言能力。A,B,C選項(xiàng)不能和provide搭配。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)organizations“組織”；B選項(xiàng)organisms“生物體”；C選項(xiàng)humans“人類”；D選項(xiàng)children“孩子”。句意：我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦使我們具備了其他低等動(dòng)物所不具備的語(yǔ)言能力。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)potential“潛力”；B選項(xiàng)performance“履行”；C選項(xiàng)preference“偏愛(ài)”；D選項(xiàng)passion“激情”。句意：這種先天性理論的支持者說(shuō)，我們的語(yǔ)言潛力是天生的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)as“作為”；B選項(xiàng)justas“正像”；C選項(xiàng)like“像……一樣”；D選項(xiàng)unlike“和……不同”。句意：語(yǔ)言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長(zhǎng)的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ideological“思想上的”；B選項(xiàng)biological“生物的”；C選項(xiàng)social“社會(huì)的”；D選項(xiàng)psychological“心理的”。句意：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期，人體的成長(zhǎng)是生物變化的過(guò)程。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reviews“評(píng)論”；B選項(xiàng)reference“參考”；C選項(xiàng)reaction“反應(yīng)”；D選項(xiàng)recommendation“推薦”。句意：目前人們對(duì)“先天論”評(píng)論觀點(diǎn)不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無(wú)疑的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查邏輯連接。A選項(xiàng)Inaword“總之”；B選項(xiàng)Inasense“在某種意義上”；C選項(xiàng)Indeed“確實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)Inotherwords“換句話說(shuō)”。句意：事實(shí)上，越來(lái)越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)外語(yǔ)最好在低年級(jí)教。由上文可知，作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說(shuō)明，所以這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查上下文理解。A選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的”；B選項(xiàng)different“不同的”；C選項(xiàng)thehigher“更高的”；D選項(xiàng)thelower“更低的”。句意：越來(lái)越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)外語(yǔ)最好在低年級(jí)教。后文說(shuō)到孩子們經(jīng)?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)接觸幾種語(yǔ)言來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，而成年人學(xué)習(xí)另一種語(yǔ)言就會(huì)困難得多，可以推斷出低年級(jí)學(xué)外語(yǔ)較容易。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)revealed“透露”；B選項(xiàng)exposed“暴露”；C選項(xiàng)engaged“約定”；D選項(xiàng)involved“涉及”。句意：孩子們經(jīng)?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)接觸幾種語(yǔ)言來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)多種語(yǔ)言。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)定”；B選項(xiàng)formations“構(gòu)成”；C選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則”；D選項(xiàng)constitutions“憲法”。句意：一旦母語(yǔ)的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語(yǔ)言。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Although“盡管”；B選項(xiàng)Whether“是否”；C選項(xiàng)Since“自……以來(lái)”；D選項(xiàng)When“在……時(shí)候”。句意：雖然不可否認(rèn)語(yǔ)言的某些方面是天生的，但語(yǔ)言并不是在真空中自動(dòng)發(fā)展的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinguished“區(qū)別的”；B選項(xiàng)different“不同的”；C選項(xiàng)protected“受到保護(hù)的”；D選項(xiàng)isolated“孤立的”。句意：與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposition“暴露”；B選項(xiàng)comparison“比較”；C選項(xiàng)contrast“對(duì)比”；D選項(xiàng)interaction“交流”。句意：須通過(guò)與他人交往，語(yǔ)言才能夠發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquisition“獲得”；B選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞”；C選項(xiàng)requirement“要求”；D選項(xiàng)alternative“替代”。句意：一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，在人類語(yǔ)言習(xí)得中，這甚至比任何先天能力都更基礎(chǔ)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Asaresult“結(jié)果是”；B選項(xiàng)Afterall“畢竟”；C選項(xiàng)Inotherwords“換言之”；D選項(xiàng)Aboveall“首先”。句意：換句話說(shuō)，孩子通過(guò)模仿父母來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。本句是以另一種方式解釋前文中模仿性的后天行為。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Ithasbeenrainingforaday,buteventhoughit______,we______therebytomorrow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadn’trained,couldn’tget

B.hadn’trained,can’tget

C.didn’train,couldn’tget

D.didn’train,can’tget

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。eventhough“雖然，即使”后面是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，前半句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；第二個(gè)空格所在的主句是陳述事實(shí)，所以用can。句意：雨已經(jīng)下了一天了，但即使沒(méi)下雨，我們明天也到不了那里。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whenproductsmadeinfactories（）,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cometoanend

B.areputtouse

C.areusedup

D.wearout

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)cometoanend“結(jié)束”；B選項(xiàng)areputtouse“使用，利用”；C選項(xiàng)areusedup“用完，用盡”；D選項(xiàng)wearout“磨損，耗盡，穿破”。句意：當(dāng)工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品用壞了，就會(huì)作為垃圾扔掉。選項(xiàng)D最符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness----throughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproach----includingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項(xiàng)“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較”和D選項(xiàng)“做出一系列的預(yù)測(cè)”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者寫(xiě)作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會(huì)…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實(shí)施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國(guó)的制造商一直試圖通過(guò)削減成本來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強(qiáng)其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“增加他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對(duì)汽車(chē)制造商的研究表明，一個(gè)行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力。’可以確定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人。’所以B選項(xiàng)“支持前期有關(guān)一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個(gè)詞來(lái)描述？’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)私的，公正的”正確。

10.單選題

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.

1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.

2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.

3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill______.

4.AccordingtotheEU’sETS,bigpolluters______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afiercecompetition

B.anidealgoal

C.agoodopportunity

D.adifficulttask

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.givesanobjectivedescriptionofthetaskassignmentamongEUcountries

B.showsdisapprovalofallowingsomenationstoraisetheirCO2emissions

C.revealshispuzzlementaboutwhysomenationsaretodolessthanothers

D.presentshisadmirationforthosewhotakegreaterpainstosavetheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.stopbeingthebiggestpolluter

B.beshortofskilledworkforce

C.continueoperating

D.reactwithinaction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shallbegivennopermitsuntil2011

B.havetopayfortheirexistence

C.willbeallowedafixedamountofemissions

D.canbenefitiftheychoosetobeinsidetheEU

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“對(duì)其成員國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，歐盟的計(jì)劃意味著……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.（一項(xiàng)龐大的氣候變化計(jì)劃詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了如果歐盟想要實(shí)現(xiàn)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在上一場(chǎng)比賽中設(shè)定的雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)，其27個(gè)成員國(guó)將會(huì)承受多大的痛苦）和最后一段第一句ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).（達(dá)到這些似乎不可能的任務(wù)的竅門(mén)是歐盟的排放交易計(jì)劃）可推知，對(duì)歐盟的成員國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，這一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是很艱巨的任務(wù)，D項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”、B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)理想的目標(biāo)”和C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)”都與文章不符，文章主要講述的是歐盟制定的拯救世界的計(jì)劃會(huì)需要其成員國(guó)更多的責(zé)任和代價(jià)，是一個(gè)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過(guò)使用第三段中的一些數(shù)據(jù)，作者……”。第三段主要圍繞綠色能源比重大的國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家被要求承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任而進(jìn)行分析和具體說(shuō)明，作者在這里只是一個(gè)客觀的陳述，并未透露自己的情緒觀點(diǎn)，A項(xiàng)“客觀描述了歐盟國(guó)家之間的任務(wù)分配”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“表示不贊成一些國(guó)家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C項(xiàng)“揭示了他對(duì)為什么有些國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家做得少的困惑”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)那些為拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示欽佩”概括不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“據(jù)巴羅佐先生說(shuō)，歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)將會(huì)……”。根據(jù)第四段巴羅佐先生說(shuō)的話Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope.（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界對(duì)抗氣候變化不需要以就業(yè)為代價(jià)，即使是在污染最嚴(yán)重的重工業(yè)，我們想留住歐洲的工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）可知，歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)將會(huì)繼續(xù)，C項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)”正確；由此也可知A項(xiàng)“停止做最大的污染者”錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“缺少熟練勞動(dòng)力”沒(méi)有提到；由Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.（但與不作為的代價(jià)相比，這仍然是一筆便宜的交易，巴羅佐認(rèn)為不作為的代價(jià)是它的十倍）可知，不作為的代價(jià)很高，所以歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)不會(huì)不作為，D項(xiàng)“不作為”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)歐盟排放交易體系，大污染企業(yè)……”。根據(jù)最后一段對(duì)歐盟排放交易體系的描述：ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.（這就迫使電力公司等大型污染者或者制造巨頭交易許可證，以允許他們?cè)诜€(wěn)步收緊總體限制范圍內(nèi)排放二氧化碳和其他造成氣候變化的排放物。委員會(huì)暗示，如果像美國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家到2011年不簽署約束性國(guó)際協(xié)議，那么最大的溫室氣體排放國(guó)在歐盟可能會(huì)免費(fèi)得到準(zhǔn)許?；蛘撸瘑T會(huì)威脅到，歐盟以外的公司可能會(huì)被迫購(gòu)買(mǎi)ETS許可。），由此可以推理，大型污染企業(yè)如果選擇加入歐盟就能夠獲益，而不至于被迫購(gòu)買(mǎi)ETS許可，故D項(xiàng)“如果他們選擇留在歐盟，他們可以從中受益”正確；A項(xiàng)“在2011年之前都不會(huì)得到許可”表述不完全；B項(xiàng)“必須為他們的生存付出代價(jià)”概括不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“將被允許一個(gè)固定的排放量”這是在加入歐盟的前提下才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

HehasnoincentivetomakepermanentimprovementinspokenEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abilityt

B.knowledget

C.opportunityt

D.motive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive表示“動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激”；A項(xiàng)ability“能力”，B項(xiàng)knowledge“知識(shí)”，C項(xiàng)opportunity“機(jī)會(huì)”，D項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)，目的”。句意：他沒(méi)有持續(xù)提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的動(dòng)力。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

About50yearsagotheideaofdisabledpeopledoingsportswasneverheardof.ButwhentheannualgamesforthedisabledwerestartedatStrokeMandeville,Englandin1948bySirLudwigGuttmann,thesituationbegantochange.SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany,hadbeenaskedbytheBritishgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratStrokeMandevilleHospitalnearLondon.Hisideasabouttreatinginjuriesincludedsportsforthedisabled.

Inthefirstgamesjusttwoteamsofinjuredsoldierstookpart.Thenextyear,1949,fiveteamstookpart.Fromthosebeginningsthingsdevelopedfast.TeamsnowcomefromabroadtoStrokeMandevilleeveryyear.In1960thefirstOlympicsfortheDisabledwereheldinRome.Now,everyfouryears,theOlympicGamesfortheDisabledareheld,ifpossible,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames,althoughtheyareorganizedseparately.InotheryearsGamesfortheDisabledarestillheldatStrokeMandeville.Inthe1984wheelchairOlympicGames,1604wheelchairathletesfromabout40countriestookpart.Unfortunately,theywereheldatStrokeMandevilleandnotinLosAngles,alongwiththeotherOlympics.

TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding,andinprovingthatbeingdisableddoesnotmeanyoucan'tenjoysports.Onesmallsourceofdisappointmentforthosewhoorganizeandtakepartinthegames,however,hasbeentheunwillingnessoftheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoincludethedisabledeventsattheOlympicGames