認知神經(jīng)科學課件

CognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs（Eventrelatedpotentials）CognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs認知神經(jīng)科學—CognitiveNeuroscience是一門研究人腦高級功能的學科，它是認知科學與神經(jīng)腦科學結合的產物。認知神經(jīng)科學的研究目的在于闡明認知活動的腦機制，其學科分支包括認知神經(jīng)心理學、認知心理生理學、認知生理心理學、認知神經(jīng)生物學、計算神經(jīng)科學。認知神經(jīng)科學認知神經(jīng)科學—CognitiveNeurosciencEvent-relatedpotentialsEvent-relatedbrainpotentials

凡是外加一種特定的刺激，作用于感覺系統(tǒng)或腦的某一部位，在給予刺激或撤消刺激時，在腦區(qū)引起的電位變化。

*刺激缺失事件相關（腦）電位Event-relatedpotentials事件相關（EEG對ERPs的淹沒疊加平均基本原理

ERPs波形恒定

潛伏期恒定疊加n次：信噪比提高√n

倍例如：

ERPs=0.5×EEGn=100—100×ERP—10×EEG—ERPs=5×EEGERPs提取的基本原理EEG對ERPs的淹沒ERPs提取的基本原理ERP的學術位置屬于心理生理學（psychophysiology）范疇心理生理學以心理因素為自變量，以生理指標為應變量，一般以人為被試。生理心理學（physiologicalpsychology）以生理變化為自變量，以心理因素為應變量，一般以動物為被試。心理生理學是從生理心理學中分離出來的，同屬認知神經(jīng)科學。認知神經(jīng)科學是當前腦科學界頗受關注的領域，ERP是其中的重要組成部分。事件相關（腦）電位ERP的學術位置事件相關（腦）電位ERPs研究成分研究應用研究特點及其影響因素起源及產生機制心理生理臨床應用特因條件功能評估注意、記憶、語言加工、運動知覺等神經(jīng)精神科、昏迷愈后、輔助診斷等航空、航天、航海、惡劣環(huán)境條件等駕駛疲勞、功能評估、音樂認知能力、健康評估等ERPs的研究分類ERPs成分研究應用研究特點及其影響因素起源及產生機制心理生Oddball兩種刺激物三種刺激物新異刺激物的插入標準刺激(Standard)偏差刺激(Deviant)靶刺激(Target)非靶刺激(non-Target)標準模式缺失刺激為靶P3aP3bOddball兩種刺激物標準刺激(Standard)標準模StandardDeviantStandardDeviantStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stokic,1998)StandardStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stoki(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2004)StandardDeviantNovel(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2AuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedpatientsNovelOddballParadigmTarget2000Hz15%Non-Target1000Hz70%AuditoryNovelStimuli15%PressAuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedFzCzPzNon-targetNovelTargetBlack：Depression；Red：NormalP3aP3bFzNon-targetNovelAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDensityNormal(358ms)

Depressed(358ms)MGFPPeakAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDeNormal－Depressed抑郁癥患者（右）額葉認知功能障礙(LvJ,ZhaoL,etal,2010)Normal－Depressed抑郁癥患者（右）額BehavioralInhibitingResponsesIftheusualtarget-detectiontaskisinvertedsothatthesubjectrespondstothestandardstimuliandwithholdsresponsefromthetarget,theN2wavetotheno-gostimulusisincreasedinamplitude(Eimer,1993)andtheP300ismorefrontallydistributed(e.g.,Hillyard,etal,1976;Robertsetal.,1994;Falkensteinetal,1995)BehavioralInhibitingResponse(Zhang,etal，2007)InhibitingResponsesNogoGo(Zhang,etal，2007)Inhibiting(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2007)(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2FacingsomeproblemsofemotionalregulationatthestageofcopingwiththeconflictinInternetAddictionpatients-200600uV2.5-2.5FZmsIApatientsNormalNogoPZGoP3goP3nogoN2nogo(Dang,etal，unpublisheddata)山川山川Facingsomeproblemsofemotio面孔識別的心理生理機制面孔識別的心理生理機制FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Searcy&Bartlett,1996）

FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Sear（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcomponentRightMastoidLeftMastoid5-5VN170FaceChairBird-7μV+7μVPotentialdistributionat170msafterstimulusonsetCarmel&Bentin,2000N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcFunctionalcharacteristicsoftheN170-effectNotsensitivetofacefamiliarity(Bentin&Deouell,2000).Sensitivetolocalmorethantoglobalinformationandnotadverselyaffectedbyinhibitingconfiguralprocessing:Largereffectforisolatedeyesandfacecomponentsthanforfullfaces(Bentinetal.,1996,Bentin&Aviezer,unpublished;Bentin&McCarthy,unpublished).Notsignificantlyreducedbyrandomrelocationofinnercomponents(Bentinetal.,1996).Notreduced(indeedenhanced)byfaceinversion(Bentinetal.1996;Sagiv&Bentin,2001;Rossionetal,1999;2000)Despiteglobalfaceconfiguration,itiseliminatedwhenlocalinformationisnotphysiognomic(Bentin,Golland,&,Moscovitch,2003).FunctionalcharacteristicsofHypotheticalroleoftheperceptualmechanismassociatedwiththeN170-effectTheN170-effectisassociatedwithan“early”perceptualmechanismtunedtodetectvisualfeaturesthatarecharacteristictoafacephysiognomy.Itsrolemightbetotriggertheface-characteristicstructuralencodingprocesseswhenpertinentstimuliarepresentinthevisualfield.HypotheticalroleoftheperceAge-relatedchangesduringtheearly-stagefaceprocessingInvestigatingtheeffectsofagingonthefacedetectionandconfiguralprocessingbyface-sensitiveN170.Iftheageinginfluencesthefacedetectionorconfiguralprocessing,N170effectorN170inversioneffectshouldbedifferentforyoungerandolderadults.(Gao.,etal,2009)Age-relatedchangesduringthe(Gao,etal,2009)N170effect(Gao,etal,2009)N170effectN170inversioneffectoffaces(Gao,etal,2009)N170inversioneffectoffaces(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)ExpressionMismatchNegativity（EMMN）(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)Express(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)EMMNindepressionpatients-100400msuV-1.51.5T6

NormalDepressionEMMNChang,etal.2010EMMNindepressionpatients-10近期研究Visualperception、UnconsciousnessprocessingInternetAddictionAutism&DepressionBurnout運動員、人才選拔、職業(yè)健康、青少年心理健康等Bindingtheory……近期研究Visualperception、UnconscThankyouforyourattentionThankyouforyourattentionFamiliarityeffectsonN170LeftMastoid8005V-5V0400millisecondsRightMastoid0400milliseconds

UNFAMILIAR

FAMILIAR

BUTTERFLIES-5μV+5μVUnfamiliarFamiliarBentin&Deouell,2000FamiliarityeffectsonN170LefN170elicitedbyfacesandfacecomponentsLeftMastoid-550RightMastoid50-5μV02004006008000200400600800Milliseconds-440μV02004006008000200400600800Milliseconds-440Bentin&McCarthy,unpublishedN170elicitedbyfacesandfac0200400milliseconds05-510LeftMastoid.VRightMastoid0200400milliseconds+2.5-2.5N170(in)sensitivitytothefaceconfigurationBentinetal.,19960200400milliseconds05-510Left0100200300400MillisecondsIM20

100

200

300

400

MillisecondsIM1-5V5VFaceinversioneffectonN170

0100200300400MillisecondsIM20N170isassociatedwithlocalperception

P8

P7

RightMastoidLeftMastoid02.5mV2.5mV02.5mV2.5mVmilliseconds0200400milliseconds0200400

Block2

Block3

Block1N170isassociatedwithlocalCognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs（Eventrelatedpotentials）CognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs認知神經(jīng)科學—CognitiveNeuroscience是一門研究人腦高級功能的學科，它是認知科學與神經(jīng)腦科學結合的產物。認知神經(jīng)科學的研究目的在于闡明認知活動的腦機制，其學科分支包括認知神經(jīng)心理學、認知心理生理學、認知生理心理學、認知神經(jīng)生物學、計算神經(jīng)科學。認知神經(jīng)科學認知神經(jīng)科學—CognitiveNeurosciencEvent-relatedpotentialsEvent-relatedbrainpotentials

凡是外加一種特定的刺激，作用于感覺系統(tǒng)或腦的某一部位，在給予刺激或撤消刺激時，在腦區(qū)引起的電位變化。

*刺激缺失事件相關（腦）電位Event-relatedpotentials事件相關（EEG對ERPs的淹沒疊加平均基本原理

ERPs波形恒定

潛伏期恒定疊加n次：信噪比提高√n

倍例如：

ERPs=0.5×EEGn=100—100×ERP—10×EEG—ERPs=5×EEGERPs提取的基本原理EEG對ERPs的淹沒ERPs提取的基本原理ERP的學術位置屬于心理生理學（psychophysiology）范疇心理生理學以心理因素為自變量，以生理指標為應變量，一般以人為被試。生理心理學（physiologicalpsychology）以生理變化為自變量，以心理因素為應變量，一般以動物為被試。心理生理學是從生理心理學中分離出來的，同屬認知神經(jīng)科學。認知神經(jīng)科學是當前腦科學界頗受關注的領域，ERP是其中的重要組成部分。事件相關（腦）電位ERP的學術位置事件相關（腦）電位ERPs研究成分研究應用研究特點及其影響因素起源及產生機制心理生理臨床應用特因條件功能評估注意、記憶、語言加工、運動知覺等神經(jīng)精神科、昏迷愈后、輔助診斷等航空、航天、航海、惡劣環(huán)境條件等駕駛疲勞、功能評估、音樂認知能力、健康評估等ERPs的研究分類ERPs成分研究應用研究特點及其影響因素起源及產生機制心理生Oddball兩種刺激物三種刺激物新異刺激物的插入標準刺激(Standard)偏差刺激(Deviant)靶刺激(Target)非靶刺激(non-Target)標準模式缺失刺激為靶P3aP3bOddball兩種刺激物標準刺激(Standard)標準模StandardDeviantStandardDeviantStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stokic,1998)StandardStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stoki(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2004)StandardDeviantNovel(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2AuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedpatientsNovelOddballParadigmTarget2000Hz15%Non-Target1000Hz70%AuditoryNovelStimuli15%PressAuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedFzCzPzNon-targetNovelTargetBlack：Depression；Red：NormalP3aP3bFzNon-targetNovelAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDensityNormal(358ms)

Depressed(358ms)MGFPPeakAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDeNormal－Depressed抑郁癥患者（右）額葉認知功能障礙(LvJ,ZhaoL,etal,2010)Normal－Depressed抑郁癥患者（右）額BehavioralInhibitingResponsesIftheusualtarget-detectiontaskisinvertedsothatthesubjectrespondstothestandardstimuliandwithholdsresponsefromthetarget,theN2wavetotheno-gostimulusisincreasedinamplitude(Eimer,1993)andtheP300ismorefrontallydistributed(e.g.,Hillyard,etal,1976;Robertsetal.,1994;Falkensteinetal,1995)BehavioralInhibitingResponse(Zhang,etal，2007)InhibitingResponsesNogoGo(Zhang,etal，2007)Inhibiting(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2007)(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2FacingsomeproblemsofemotionalregulationatthestageofcopingwiththeconflictinInternetAddictionpatients-200600uV2.5-2.5FZmsIApatientsNormalNogoPZGoP3goP3nogoN2nogo(Dang,etal，unpublisheddata)山川山川Facingsomeproblemsofemotio面孔識別的心理生理機制面孔識別的心理生理機制FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Searcy&Bartlett,1996）

FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Sear（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcomponentRightMastoidLeftMastoid5-5VN170FaceChairBird-7μV+7μVPotentialdistributionat170msafterstimulusonsetCarmel&Bentin,2000N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcFunctionalcharacteristicsoftheN170-effectNotsensitivetofacefamiliarity(Bentin&Deouell,2000).Sensitivetolocalmorethantoglobalinformationandnotadverselyaffectedbyinhibitingconfiguralprocessing:Largereffectforisolatedeyesandfacecomponentsthanforfullfaces(Bentinetal.,1996,Bentin&Aviezer,unpublished;Bentin&McCarthy,unpublished).Notsignificantlyreducedbyrandomrelocationofinnercomponents(Bentinetal.,1996).Notreduced(indeedenhanced)byfaceinversion(Bentinetal.1996;Sagiv&Bentin,2001;Rossionetal,1999;2000)Despiteglobalfaceconfiguration,itiseliminatedwhenlocalinformationisnotphysiognomic(Bentin,Golland,&,Moscovitch,2003).FunctionalcharacteristicsofHypotheticalroleoftheperceptualmechanismassociatedwiththeN170-effectTheN170-effectisassociatedwithan“early”perceptualmechanismtunedtodetectvisualfeaturesthatarecharacteristictoafacephysiognomy.Itsrolemightbetotriggertheface-characteristicstructuralencodingprocesseswhenpertinentstimuliarepresentinthevisualfield.HypotheticalroleoftheperceAge-relatedchangesduringtheearly-stagefaceprocessingInvestigatingtheeffectsofagingonthefacedetectionandconfiguralprocessingbyface-sensitiveN170.Iftheageinginfluencesthefacedetectionorconfiguralprocessing,N170effectorN170inversioneffectshouldbedifferentforyoungerandolderadults.(Gao.,etal,2009)Age-relatedchangesduringthe(Gao,etal,2009)N170effect(Gao,etal,2009)N170effectN170inversioneffectoffaces(Gao,etal,2009)N170inversioneffectoffaces(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)ExpressionMismatchNegativity（EMMN）(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)Express(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)EMMNindepressionpatients-100400msuV-1.51.5T6

NormalDepressionEMMNChang,etal.2010EMMNindepressionpatients-10近期研究Visualperception、UnconsciousnessprocessingIn