小升初備考之語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞

小升初備考之語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞小升初備考之語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞小升初備考之語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞小升初備考之語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:第五節(jié)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)精析動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作、存在、變化的詞。從含義上來(lái)分，動(dòng)詞主要分為蓮京動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）四大類。一、xx系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞在小學(xué)階段主要是be動(dòng)詞和五個(gè)常見的感官動(dòng)詞。1．be動(dòng)詞有很多形式：am，is，are；was，were。2．be動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。I用am，you用are,is用于“他、她、它”；復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。3be動(dòng)詞可以和主語(yǔ)一起寫成縮寫。如：Iam=I'm，youare=you?re，heis：he?s，sheis=she's，theyare=they're等。但要注意，不是所有的主語(yǔ)都可以和be動(dòng)詞縮寫，不能縮寫的要特殊記憶。如：Thisis不能寫成This's;Iamnot不能縮寫成Iamn?t。Yes后面的簡(jiǎn)略回答都不能縮寫：Yes，heis．不能寫成Yes，he's.Yes,weare.不能寫成Yes，we're.等等。4．五個(gè)常見感官動(dòng)詞，見下表：類別感官動(dòng)詞聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞looksoundsmelltastefeel詞義看起來(lái)聽起來(lái)聞起來(lái)嘗起來(lái)感到例句1.Themanlookshandsome.2.Itsoundsnice.3.Theteasmellsfresh.4.Howdoesittaste5.Idon?tfeelwelltoday.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can（能），may（可以，也許），must(必須)等及其過(guò)去式could，might等，表示能力、義務(wù)、必要、猜測(cè)等說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。1．特點(diǎn)：(1)沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。(2)后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。(3)肯定句變否定句時(shí)，直接在后面加not即可。(4)變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，置于句首。注意haveto在疑問(wèn)句中的位置。Doyouhavetogoouttoday你今天一定得出去嗎Doeshehavetofinishtheworktomorrow他明天非做完這項(xiàng)工作不可嗎2．否定式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一樣，后面可直接跟否定詞not。珊將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式及其否定式的簡(jiǎn)略式（簡(jiǎn)咯式用于口語(yǔ)中）列舉如下：shallnot-shan?twillnot-won'tcannot-can?tmustnot-mustn'tshouldnot-shouldn?twouldnot-wouldn'tcouldnot-couldn'tdarenot-daren'tneednot-needn't3．can的用法(1)表示能力、功能：能，會(huì)Theclassroomcanseatthirtystudents.這間教室能坐三十位學(xué)生。Jimcandrivenow．吉姆現(xiàn)在會(huì)開車了。(2)表示可能性：可能，可能會(huì)(3)表示允許、請(qǐng)求：可以Youcan'ttakethebookoutoftheroom.你不可以將這本書拿出室外。CanIuseyourpencil我可以用一下你的鉛筆嗎(4)表示命令：必須Ifyouwon?tkeepquietyoucangetout.你如不保持安靜，就請(qǐng)你走。4．must的用法(1)表示必要、命令或強(qiáng)制：必須，得Youmustn'ttalklikethat.你可不能這樣說(shuō)話。Youmustdoasyouaretold.你必須遵囑行事。Wemustbehomebyseven.我們必須在七點(diǎn)以前回家。（2）表示肯定的推測(cè)：一定Theboymustbeyourbrother.這男孩一定是你的兄弟。5．may的用法(1)表示可能陛：可能，也許Shemaybeanurse.她可能是個(gè)護(hù)士。（2)表示許可或請(qǐng)求許可：可以6．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別區(qū)別在語(yǔ)氣上。在這四個(gè)詞語(yǔ)里may表示“可以”，它的語(yǔ)氣最委婉，最有禮貌，通常請(qǐng)求時(shí)都用到may。如：MayIcamein我能進(jìn)來(lái)嗎can表示“能、會(huì)”，通常用來(lái)表示某人的能力，也可以用于請(qǐng)求的句子里，但語(yǔ)氣沒(méi)有may委婉。如：CanIhavesomenoodles我能吃點(diǎn)面條嗎must表示“必須”，通常用在命令的語(yǔ)氣里。如：Youmustcleanyourbedroomfirst.你必須先打掃臥室。should表示“得，要、該”表示說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度，通常用于詢問(wèn)別人接下來(lái)該干什么。三、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞有shall，will，have，be，should，would，do等。它們只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等動(dòng)詞形式，以及否定和疑問(wèn)等結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Hedoesn?tspeakEnglish.他不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Doyoulikeplayingfootball你喜歡踢足球嗎四、行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞也叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的意義，能在句子中獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。它分為及物動(dòng)詞（必須有賓語(yǔ)）和不及物動(dòng)詞（不需要賓語(yǔ)）。典例剖析例1請(qǐng)用am，is，are填空。l.You_____astudent.I_____ateacher.2.Theboys_____inthepark,butHenry_____athome.分析：此題考查系動(dòng)詞的用法，注意主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)以及不同人稱代詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的be的形式。答案：1.are，am2．a(chǎn)re，is例2單項(xiàng)選擇：What_____yourmotheroftendointheeveningA．doB．doesC．is分析：此題考查助動(dòng)詞的用法，由yourmother以及后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do可知選B。答案：B例3請(qǐng)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。She_____(like)herbrotherverymuch.分析：本節(jié)講的動(dòng)詞的用法主要是隨主語(yǔ)變化的形式，其他更多形式將在時(shí)態(tài)中考查。答案：likes例4WhocanspellthiswordI_____.A．canB．doC．a(chǎn)m分析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can在這表示能力，回答can疑問(wèn)句時(shí)也用can或can?t。答案：A易錯(cuò)題辨析例；請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空。2.Sorry,I_____dothismathproblem.3.You_____notcopyothershomework.Theteacheroftensays.4.Lily_____singverywell.5.What_____youdothen錯(cuò)解：l.Must分析：熟悉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別就必須要讀懂句子意思，再運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用法就不難了。第1題是請(qǐng)求玩電腦游戲，語(yǔ)氣委婉，用May。第2題表示能力，有Sorry可判斷沒(méi)有能力，所以用否定形式cannot。第3題語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，不能抄襲作業(yè)，所以用must。第4題表示能力，用can。第5題詢問(wèn)別人接下來(lái)該干什么，所以用should。正解：not舉一反三基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)一、用am,is,are,be填空。l.This_____anapple.That_____abana._you-I_____fine,thanks.3.Thoseniceflowers.Thisyellowrose_____thebest.4.-_____youaworker-Yes,I_____.5.Don't_____lateforschool.二、單項(xiàng)選擇()l.Sixandrune_____fifteen.A.amB.isC.are()bestfriend,Lily.A.This'sB.ThisisC.Thisare()_____notmypencils.They_____theirs.A.am;areB.is;areC.are;are()4.LiuLanandI_____inClass2.A.amB.isC.are()_____youadoctor-No,I_____.A.Are;aren't;amn'tC.Are;amnot()6.Ican_____itandSamcan_____it,too.A.see;seeB.see;seesC.look;looks()7.--_____Ihaveanapple-Yes,youcan.A.canB.CanC.Must()8.Thechildren_____gohomenow.It'stoolate.A.canB.mustC.are()9.Lily_____dothiswork.Sheistooweak.A.can'tB.isn'tC.does()10.Sam,you_____sithere.It'sforwomenonly.A.aren'tB.can'tC.amnot()11.-youusuallyplaysoccerafterschoolA.DoB.CanC.Are()12.It'stimetogohome.We_____gonow.A.areB.canC.must()13._____yougotothezoowithmetomorrowA.DoB.WillC.Does()A.aren'tB.don'tC.didn't()_____youseeinthepictureA.canB.areC.is()16.-YousinganEnglishsong-Yes,Ican.A．canB．CanC．Must()_____IwatchTVforashorttime,mum-No,youneedn't.A．MayB．AmC．Do三、從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使它們成為正確的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。readbuypickclimbtakewatcheatgoplaylearnlookfeelsoundtastesmell1．_____abook2._____gifts3．_____photos4._____noodles5．_____flowers6._____mountains7．_____shopping8._____English9．_____TV10._____football11._____smooth12._____agoodidea四、用所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Myaunt_____(do)houseworkathome.She_____(havenot)ajob.2.Myteacher_____(help)mewithmylessonslastnight.3.Heoften_____(do)homeworkand_____(watch)TVintheevening.like_____(read)booksand_____(dance)afterschool.5.Let's_____(play)thepiano.6.Thosegirlsare_____(sing)now.7.Don't_____(play)intheclassroom.8.Heoften_____(watch)TVafterdinner.9.Mymother_____(notread)intheeveningeveryday.10.MyfriendandI_____(go)toschooleveryday.五、從B欄中找出A欄的答案。AB()1.WhatfruitdoyoulikeA.No,shedoesn't.()2.WheredoeshegoB.No,I'mnot.()3.HowdoyougetthereC.Ilikeapples.()4.DoesshelikeorangesD.Bybike.()5.AreyousleepingE.Hegoestoashop.能力達(dá)標(biāo)六、將下列句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句并根據(jù)要求回答。1．Mybrotherisinthebedroom.（作肯定回笞）___________________________2．Lilyisplayingwithherfriends.（作否定回答）___________________________3．Youareagoodchild.（作否定回答）___________________________4.Iamwashingclothesnow.(作否定回答)___________________________amabeautifulgirl.(作肯定回答)___________________________七.找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤并改正。1.Mysistercanplaystheguitar.________2.Goodboy,youmustgoinghomenow.________4.Theyaren'tcanspeakEnglish.________5.Shecansingsverywell.________6.Mybrotherdon'tplaybadminton.________7.Lucydoesn'thasanewgreenshirt.________didn'twenttothegymyesterday.________9.Theyaren'tworkouttheproblem.________10.HemayreadEnglish.________11.Theboycanplayingbasketballverywell.________wentswimyesterdayevening.________13.What'sTomdoingHe'swriteane-mail.________14.Shegoestoschooleveryday.________15.Wedoesn'thavedinner.________八、讀短文并回答問(wèn)題。WangGangis12yearsold.Heistallandstrong.Hehasbigeyesandbigears.Buthismouthissmall.Heiscool.Hecandrawandplaytheviolin.Helikesplayingfootballandswimming.Helikesbluefavouriteanimalisdogs.Heisagoodstudent.He'sgoodatmathandEnglish.HespeaksEnglishteachersandstudentsalllikehimverymuch.Heisahappyboy.Ilikehim,too.Weoftenstudyandplaytogether.1.DoesWangGanghavebigeyes_____________________2.Whatcolourdoeshelikebest_____________________3.Whatcanhedo_____________________4.Whatanimaldoeshelikebest___