(完整版)高中英語名詞性從句詳解

名詞性從句【名詞性從句】相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。丨4賓些形句麗賓語合句中作主句及物動詞的賓語，也可作介詞或1?連接詞從屬連詞thatwhetherif不擔任成分只起連接作用whowhomwhosewhat既擔任成分，又起連接作關(guān)系代詞which主語，賓語或表語等關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhyhow既擔任成分，又起連接作用常擔任狀語.Ithink(that)youwilllikethepictures.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Idon'tknowwhyJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.Theteacherispleasedwithwhatshesaid.I'mafraidthatIcan'tgototheparty.2?注意事項I由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that通?？梢允÷裕５鐝木涫遣⒘芯鋾r，第二個分句前的that不可省。Hetoldme（that）hewasillandthathewouldnotcometotheparty.陳述語序Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。否定轉(zhuǎn)移若主語謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用冃疋式。Idon'tthinkthisdressfit我y認為這l件衣服不適合你穿。形式賓語it?？梢苑旁趧釉~think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語.it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。Weoftenhearsitthattravelboardenthemind.ImadeitclearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.IconsideritnecessarythatweshouldspendmoretimepractisingspokenEnglish.?Wethinkitpossiblethattheyoungmasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages.某些動詞后面，賓語從句的謂語要求用虛擬。這類動詞常見的有：command（命令）,demand（要求），desire（希望），insist（堅持），order（命令），propose（提議），recommend（推薦），request（要求）,require（要求），suggest（建議）等。Heproposedthatwe（should）setadeadlineforthecomplementoftheplan.他提議擬定一個執(zhí)行計劃的期限*表語從句一在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。|可以接表語從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。?引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等結(jié)構(gòu)1）.Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2）.Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.3）.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4）.Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedthebus.注意事項：表語從句一定要用陳述語序。?不可以用訐，而用whether連接表語從句（as訐例外）。不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。?that在表語從句中不可以省掉。|小試牛刀：在以下從句中填入合適的連接詞，并指出是何種從句|Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisisIdisagree.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstandtheyinsistongoingonmotor-bike.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.AlongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn'tmatterI'mtalkingto.Parentsaretaughttounderstandimportanteducationistotheirchildren'sfuture.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddoIcantosavethem.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesismatteritwas?Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccepthelphecanget.*主語從句…從句在整個句子中充當主語的成分|主語從句一般有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：1?主語從句+謂語Thatshewillwinthematchiscertain.2?主語從句+形容詞（名詞詞組、過去分詞）+that從句ItisimportantthatweteensshouldlearnEnglish.Itisagoodnewsthathewillattendthemeetingonbehalfofourschool.Itissaidthatourschoolwillholdasportsmeeting3?It+seem（happen,appear等不及物動詞）+that從句ItseemsthatKatyisnotcomingtothisparty.4同位語從句在句中作同位語，它般要放在主句中某些名詞的后面，說明這些名詞的含義。可跟同位語從句的名詞主要有：fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief|等。如：Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.注意事項：定從與同位語從句的區(qū)別，不要混淆哦!、先行詞1?定語從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞；而同位語從句的先行詞只能是名詞，而且僅限于idea,plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,thought,belief,conclusion等少數(shù)名詞。例如：Theboywhoisplayingfootballismyclassmate.Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.Thefactthatyouaretalkingaboutisimportant.在①句中，劃線部分是定語從句，其先行詞是名詞boy,它不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。在②句中，劃線部分也是定語從句，其先行詞是代詞those，代詞不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。在③句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，其先行詞是名詞fact,它同樣可以用作定語從句的先行詞，④句便是一例。由以上分析可見，同位語從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語從句的先行詞，但定語從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語從句的先行詞。when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時間、地點和原因的名詞，而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的先行詞則肯定不是表示時間、地點和原因的名詞。例如：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.在①句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞day是表示時間的名詞；在②句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，其先行詞idea則不是表示時間的名詞二、引導(dǎo)詞定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個：that,when,where,why。下面把四個引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說明它們在兩種從句中的不同用法。1引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語從句中充當一定成分，并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連接作用。例如：Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.在①句中，劃線部分是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，在意義上指代先行詞news。在②句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。2.引導(dǎo)詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式；引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式。例如：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Wehavenoideawhenshewasborn.在①句中，劃線部分是定語從句，when在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成onwhich的形式；在②句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，when在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Heputforwardtothequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.在③句中，劃線部分是定語從句，where在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成inwhich的形式;在④句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，where在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式。Thisisthereasonwhyshewillnotattendthemeeting.TheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsent.在⑤句中，劃線部分是定語從句，why在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成forwhich的形式；在⑥句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，why在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式。PS:同位語從句可以不緊跟在它解釋說明的名詞后面，而被其他的詞隔開。E?g?Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybeshehadalreadyleftthecity.測試性評價：填入適當?shù)倪B接詞，并判定是定語從句還是名詞性從句。Thefactheusedtobeathiefisknowntoall.Weweresurprisedbythefactshetoldus.Thenextthingmustbedoneistomakeaplan.Wordcameourarmyhadwonthebattle.Thepresidenthasgivenanordereveryoneinthecountryshouldprepareforawarmightlastforseveralyears.We'vejustheardawarningontheradioahiketyctaiconie;.liThereisnodoubthehastoldalie.YouhavenoideaanxiousIwas.Thecoatisintheplaceyouleftit.Thenarosethequestionaboutweweretogetthemachinesneeded.考點1：區(qū)別that,what與whichWhathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.that只起連接作用，無意義，在從句中不充當任何成分,且在賓語從句中有時可省。what既起連接作用,又在從句中作主語賓語,表語（且在名詞性從句中只有what可作表語）小試牛刀：丨wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.Chinaisnolongeritusedtobe.Therewereevensomegrandparentswhocametoseeitwasallabout.Itiswidelyacceptedtheearthgoesaroundthesun.Theproblemiswecan'tfinishtheworkintime.WeexpressthehopetheywillcometovisitChinaagain..Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.AtlastthesoldiersreachedthelocalscalledtheThreeGorges.考點2?區(qū)別f與whether1.Idon'tknowI'llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon'tknowornotI'llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionisthisbookisworthwriting.5.Itdependsonwewillhaveenoughmoney.6.theycandoitmatterslittletous.7.youarenotfreetomorrow,I'llgowithoutyou.自我小結(jié)：只能使用whether的情況|we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Theargumentwe'llhaveasportsmeetremainstobesettled.Italldependsontheywillsupportus.Hedoesn'tknowtostayornot.Wedidn'tknowornotshewasready.考點3?what；whatever,who,whoeverwhoever、whatever.等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當于名詞后加一個定語從句，而who、whatever_等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句含有疑問意義。1.wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2.weneedismoretime.3.hastakenawaymybagisunknown.4.breaksthelawwillbepunished.Nomatterwhodestroystheforestwillbepunished.（誤）Whoeverdestroystheforestwillbepunished.（正）考點4:it作形式主語，形式賓語用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)Itis+名詞+從句Itisafactthat.ItisanhonorthatItiscommonknowledgethat事實是..非常榮幸.是常識(2)Itis＋形容詞+從句Itisnaturalthat.很自然.Itisstrangethat.奇怪的是.(3)Itis＋不及物動詞+從句Itseemsthat.似乎.Ithappenedthat.碰巧.Itappearsthat.似乎.(4)It＋過去分詞＋從句Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道…Ithasbeenprovedthat...已證實…Itissaidthat...據(jù)說…小試牛刀：Canyouunderstandthem?Itisreported/thought/saidthat...Itisclear/necessary/certainthat...Itisapity/ashame/anhonorthat...Itdoesn'tmatterwhether.Itseemsthat.Ithappensthat.?it作形式賓語Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.練習：改錯：I'vegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.thisB.thatC.itD.one他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難使別人理解他.Hefound.考點5語序問題:從句一定用陳述語序高考鏈接：Thephotographswillshowyou．whatdoesourvillagelooklikewhatourvillagelookslikehowdoesourvillagelooklikehowourvillagelookslikeYoucanhardlyimaginewhenheheardthenews.howhewasexcitedhowwasheexcitedhowexcitedhewashewashowexcitedI'dliketoknowtoher.

whatdoyouthinkhashappeneddoyouthinkwhathashappenedwhatyouthinkhashappenedyouthinkwhathashappened練習名詞性從句一、判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句：Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.二、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：Ican'tdecidedictionaryIshouldbuy.That'sherefusedmyinvitation.Iamveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.weneedismoretime.4.weneedismoretime.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.Isthatyouarelookingfor?Wouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeis?Idon'tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.三、60題專練突破：|DoyouseeImean?thatB./C.howD.whatTellmeisonyourmind.thatB.whatC.whichD.whyWemuststicktowehaveagreedon.whatB.thatC./D.howLetmeseethatcanIrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradiothatcanIrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioKeepinmind.thattheteachersaidC.thatdidtheteachersayCouldyouadviseme?whether-IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradiowhatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaidwhichbookshouldIreadfirstB.whatbookshouldIreadfirstthatbook1shouldreadfirstD.whichbookIshouldreadfirstHewascriticizedfor.hehaddoneitB.whathehaddonewhathadhedoneD.thathehaddoneitWouldyoukindlytellme?howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationhowIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStationwherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationwhethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationMrs.Smithwasverymuchimpressedby.whathadsheseeninChinaB.thatshehadseeninChinaC.whatshehadseeninChinawhichhadsheseeninChinaC.whatshehadseeninChinawhichhadsheseeninChinaWetookitforgranted___Wetookitforgranted___A.thattheywerenotcomingC.theywerecomingnotIreallydon'tknowA.IshoulddonextC.whatIshoulddonextI'mafraid.thatweretheynotcomingweretheynotcoiningwhatshouldIdonextD.howIshoulddonextA.thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedonthatwillthelittlegirlhavetooperateonthelittlegirlwillhavetooperateonthatwillthelittlegirlhavetobeoperatedonShewalkeduptoB.whereIstoodA.wheredidIstandB.whereIstoodC.IstoodthereD.whereIstoodthereC.IstoodthereD.whereIstoodthereCanyoutellme?Canyoutellme?A.whoisthatgentlemanwhothatgentlemanisWe'llgiveyou.A.thatdoyouneedwhateveryouneedTheywantustoknow__thatgentlemaniswhowhom.isthatgentlemanwhatdoyouneedwhetherdoyouneedtohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcantheyWemustputintopractice.A.whatwehavelearnedB.thatwehavelearnedthathavewelearnedwhathavewelearnedthathavewelearnedwhathavewelearnedTOC\o"1-5"\h\zDidshesayanythingabout?A.thattheworkwastobedoneB.howwastheworktobedonethatwastheworktobedoneD.howtheworkwastobedoneHewasneversatisfiedwith.A.whatshehadachievedB.hadwhatsheachievedC.shehadachievedD.thatsheachievedThesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike

Peterinsistedhepaythebill.D.onwhichA.onthatB.whatC.thatD.onwhichTheyurgedthelibraryopenduringthevacation.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.thatWewishwecouldhavelearnedwhenwewereathighschool.A.whatyoudidB.thatyouhaddoneC.thatwhatyoudidD.whatdidyoudo24.1willdescribetoyouIsawwhenthere.A.whatB.thatC.whichD./FromIshouldsayheisagoodworker.A.what1knowofhimB.thatIdoknowofhimC.whatdoIknowofhimD.thatdoIknowofhimIwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.anyoneC.whoeverD.someonetheywillcomeherehasn'tbeendecidedyet.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Wherewassaidheremustbekeptsecret.A.WhoB.ThethingC.WhateverD.WhereItisstillaquestionweshallhaveoursportsmeet.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whenI'mgoinganyway.shewillgoisuptohertodecide.A.IfornotB.WhetherornotC.IfD.ThatItisstrangeshehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howItisveryclearourpolicyisacorrectone.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whereMrZhangsaidisquiteright.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.WhetherIthasbeendecidedhewillbesentthere.A.ifB.whetherC.whyD.thatItdoesn'tmatterhe'scomebackornot.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.whenIt'sagreatpitywewon'tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.D.whereD.thatD.ThethingsD.WhoD.whereD.thatD.ThethingsD.WhoIthappenedIwasn'ttherethatday.A.whenB.whyC.whereyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.WhatB.ThatC.Whichleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoftthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.Whoeverthe2000OlympicGameswon'tbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall.A.WhetherB.IfC.WheneverD.ThatA.WhetherB.IfC.WheneverD.Thatfailstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.A.ThatB.WhoeverC.WhetherD.Whetherornot__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.failstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.A.ThatB.WhoeverC.WhetherD.Whetherornot__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.A.WhatB.WhetherC.ThatD.WhateverHasitbeenannounced?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffB.thataretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoffD.whentheplanesaretotakeoffThatisweallsupporthisidea.A.whatB.whyC.whereD.whenThat'sweshoulddo.Hasitbeenannounced?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffB.thataretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoffD.whentheplanesaretotakeoffThatisweallsupporthisidea.A.whatB.whyC.whereD.whenThat'sweshoulddo.A.thatB.whatistroublingmeisC.howD.whyIdon'tunderstandhesaidA.What;that;wha