2018高考全國II卷 英語試卷答案及解析

2018高考全國Ⅱ卷英語試卷答案及解析2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語III第I卷注意事項：1.答第I卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號寫在本試卷和答題卡相應位置上。2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號，不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（BC和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AaAaAD2IA···.是BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(,ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.C.TheyhaveapleasanttasteB.TheyarehighinvitaminA.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.26.Whatis“ajuicer“inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Tokeeptheircolour.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.C.Aresearchpaper.B.Ahealthmagazine.D.Atravelbrochure.【解析】CC。Ba。D由a”選。B與。CTeensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“the(例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreadingthereportdoeslittletocounsel()parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom()ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children'sreadinghabitsB.Qualityofchildren’sbooksC.Children’safter-classactivitiesD.Parent-childrelationships29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?A.Inparagraph2C.Inparagraph4B.Inparagraph3D.Inparagraph530.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorqualityB.ItcouldbeawasteofD.E-readersareexpensive.time.C.Itmayharmchildren'shealth.31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.ActasrolemodelsforthemB.AskthemtowritebookreportsC.SetupreadinggroupsforthemD.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers【解析】AA。B到到。C“，。A以。DWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’teventexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains,“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction()withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Additiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttittleforthetext?A.ConversationCounts.B.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence【解析】32.答案C細節(jié)題“firstparagraph”定位到文章的第一段，根據(jù)內(nèi)容surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence,表達含義是：圍繞著一些，就像我們這樣的，專注手機的人或者更為糟糕的是在這種令人不舒服的寂靜中掙扎，所以選項C正確。33.答案B細節(jié)題“successfulsmalltalk和Carducci”定位到文章的第三段Carducci所說的三句話，分別是smalltalkisthegreaseforsuccessfulcommunication;almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginwithsmall最核心的句子是最后一句：Thekeytosuccessfultalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.表達含義是：成功談話的關鍵是學會如何和別人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系而不僅僅是和他們交流，所以選項B正確。34.答案D細節(jié)題解析：根據(jù)題干的關鍵詞“coffee-shopstudy”定位到文章的第四段第一句末尾，根據(jù)兩組對比產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果：Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.表達含義是：結(jié)果項D正確。35.答案C主旨題解析：根據(jù)題干的關鍵詞“besttitle”得知這是一道主旨大意題，所以這道題只有縱觀全文，當然可以借助前面兩道題的題干知道文章關鍵詞就是“smalltalk”，所以鎖定B和C項，再結(jié)合文章大意得知文章重點描述：小對話的好處而非如何進行小對話，所以選項C正確。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives，itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.36Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.·Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.37·Yourmetabolism（）getsaheadstart.38Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie()burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.·39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited·40Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup!文體：說明文主題：晨煉給人帶來的額外好處。答案：GEFBA36.G首段設空，引出文章中心?？涨癐f條件句提示，所以設空處對應之前If7個選項中只有G項是If條件句37.Emakesyoumoreawake7個選項中符合同義表達的只有E項keepyourheadclear,保持頭腦清醒38.F小標題提到新陳代謝，設空處后文又提到getthecalorieburningbenefits,7個選項中符合同義表達的只有F項，continuetoburncalories持續(xù)燃燒卡路里39.B小標題設空，后文提到peoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening,7個選項中跟睡眠質(zhì)量相關，又能做小標題的只有B項40.A小標題設空，后文提到y(tǒng)ouwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday,7個選項中跟堅持選擇吃健康食物相關，又能做小標題的只有A,sticktoyourdiet。C項干擾，小標題核心是stickto,而不是preferAtoB第二部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的四個選項（AC和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Twoweeksearlier,myson,Ben,hadgotintouch.He’dmovedtoEnglandwithhismumwhenhewasthreeandithadbeen13yearssinceI’d41seenhim.SoimaginemyIwas4243whenheemailedmesayinghewantedtocometovisitme.!IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedto44offtheshore.Gettingalittle47.“Something’snot48!”ItookoffmyT-shirtandwater.Isawthereweretwoinstructorsonboardandamanlyingacrossthemiddle.Hewas.Thebaywas45insunshine,andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150m46,Irealizedonekayak)wasin49intothe50violently.Linkingarmswithoneoftheinstructors,Ihelped51theyoung52manoutofthewater.HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,somethingtome.Thosebrowneyeswerevery“Ben,”hereplied,andimmediatelyI5354.“What’shisname?”Iaskedtheinstructor..Thatstrangerwasmyson!Theinstructorscalledforanambulance.55,afterabriefstayinhospital,BenwaswellenoughtobeallowedtoWechattedabouteverythingandthenBen56andlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.57tome.“Ijustwanttosaythankyou,”hesaid.“YouIstillcan’tbelievewhatatohelpmyson.58mylife!”59itwas.I’mjustsogladIwasthere6041.A.alsoB.oftenC.evenD.last42.A.delight43.A.scared44.A.talkB.reliefB.shockedB.stayC.angerC.thrilledC.meetD.worryD.ashamedD.settle45.A.bathed46.A.faster47.A.trouble48.A.realB.cleanC.deepD.formedD.wiserB.closerB.advanceB.rightC.heavierC.questionC.fairD.battleD.fit49.A.stared50.A.arguing51.A.lead52.A.happened53.A.sharp54.A.agreed55.A.Fortunately56.A.return57.A.jokedB.sankC.divedC.shoutingC.carryC.appliedC.attractiveC.doubtedD.fellD.shakingD.keepB.fightingB.persuadeB.occurredB.pleasantB.hesitatedB.FranklyB.relaxD.appealedD.familiarD.knewD.SuddenlyC.SadlyC.speakC.listenedD.leaveD.pointedB.turned58.A.createdD.guidedB.honoredC.saved59.A.coincidence60.A.onboardB.changeB.intimeC.pityC.forsureD.painD.onpurpose41.[D]副詞題。由前文中gotintouch取得聯(lián)系和空前兒子3歲隨母前往英國可知，自（since）我們上次一別已經(jīng)13年了，可得答案D.。42.[A]so此時的情緒為正向，可得答案Adelight。C.anger和D.worry均為負向，干擾選項為.Brelief多用于從負面事件或情緒中結(jié)束后)。43.[C]delightC.thrilled(ifsomeoneisthrilled,theyareextremelypleasedaboutsomething.)其余三個選項為負向44.[C]56空提及了thefamilymetupfor?？傻么鸢窩。45.[A]A.bathed尤其注意該單詞用語描述（光線）灑滿，覆蓋bebathedsomeplaceiscoveredwithlight46.[B]副詞題。根據(jù)前一句提出的150mofftheshore”強調(diào)距離可知，此處指位置變化--靠近，可得答案B.closer。47.[A]名詞題。根據(jù)后文中“我”跳水救人可知，是注意到某只皮劃艇出了問題，introuble有麻煩，inadvance提前，inquestion有疑問，inbattle處于戰(zhàn)斗中。48.[B]somethingintrouble可得同義表達somethingisnot，答案。49.[C]AB下沉；干擾選項為DC。50.[D]D.文意。A爭論；B戰(zhàn)斗；C叫喊；故選D。51.[C]動詞題。由空后outofwater可知救人出水，得動詞carry，故選C。52.[B]somethingoccurtosomebody。53.[D]來說“熟悉”familiar故選D。54.[D]動詞題。由上文可得“我”立刻知道他是我的兒子，故選。55.[A]副詞題。根據(jù)后文中兒子很快出院可知，此處感情色彩為正向，排除B,C,D選項，B坦白地，C悲傷地，D突然地，故選A幸運地。56.[D]D.leave。57.[B]turntosb.故選B。58.[C]動詞題。根據(jù)上下文我”救了兒子的命，saveone’slife，故選C59.[A]It此故選A。60.[B]名詞題。固定搭配A.onboard在船上，B及時，C確定D故意地，可得答案B。第II卷注意：將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第二部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）17A)a()61.hasgrownsince動作，故用完成時。62.thepast25years用定冠詞the。63.actuallybehindthechangeactual寫成副詞actually。64.toimprove慮非謂語；根據(jù)句意可知空格處表目的，所以應用不定式to。65.than此處考察比較級的固定搭配。根據(jù)語意可知此處需要填比較級的固定搭配，再根據(jù)前面less可知，此處應為lessthan固定搭配。66.pollution此處考查動詞變名詞。decreasedpollution動賓搭配，所以此處需要填名詞作賓語。67.global68.started此處考查動詞的時態(tài)，一般過去時。項目開始的時間是2005，所以用一般過去時。69.which/that此處考查定語從句，先行詞是，在定從中擔當主語的成分，用which或that。70.feeding此處考查非謂語，詞組approach，此處的to是介詞，后接動名詞。while在這里表示與此同時的意思。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同學寫的以下作文。文中共有10增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswou