英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)精講精練課件-高考英語復(fù)習(xí)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)--ByJudyXuHowtodescribethispictureinEnglish?主動(dòng)：AbeatsB.被動(dòng)：BwasbeatenbyA.一.語態(tài)的概念1.英語的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)表主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。注意：一般來說只有及物動(dòng)詞（短語）才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引出。二.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞,動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引出.例句：1.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.2.Thehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.3.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合：①強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。②動(dòng)作發(fā)出者未知或不便說出。Thenewswasrevealedbyconcernedsources.（這個(gè)消息是有關(guān)人士透露的）三.時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一般完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在am/is/aredonehave/hasbeendoneam/is/arebeingdone過去was/weredonehadbeendonewas/werebeingdone將來shall/willbedonewill/shallhavebeendone

過去將來should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone注意：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和過去將來完成時(shí)都不常用，所以重點(diǎn)掌握其它八種就可以。各種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例1.Manycoursesaredesignedtomeetthestudents’needs.2.InearlyMay,studentsofkindergartens,primaryandmiddleandhighschoolsinBeijingwereaskednottogobacktocampusaftertheMayDayholidayinordertoprevent（防止）infectionriskssincethecitywasreportingdozensofnewlocallytransmitted(傳染，傳遞)casesdaily.各種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例3.Examineeswhoviolatedtestregulationswillbestrictlypunishedtopreservethefairnessofgaokao.4.AstudentfromShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversityhasbeenexpelledafterhewasfoundtohavespiked（在...中偷偷摻入）anotherstudent'sdrink.5.AssummerfarmingproceedsacrossChina,smartfacilitieslikeautomatedtractorsarebeingwildlyused.四.被動(dòng)語態(tài)與句式只有以下三種句式有被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1.主語+謂語+賓語2.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語3.主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)語why？1.主語+謂語+賓語句型如何主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)？例：The

government

hastakenmanyeffectivemeasurestopreventthiskindofthingfromhappeningagain.Manyeffectivemeasures

havebeentaken

bythegovernmenttopreventthiskindofthingfromhappeningagain.主語謂語賓語主語謂語狀語Haveatry.2.Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.Thesemagazinesmustnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.1.Judyhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.YouhavebeeninvitedtoalunchpartybyJudy.2.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

Arichman

gave

meabigbagofmoney.Abigbagofmoney

wasgivento

me

byarichman.主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語主語謂語賓語狀語2.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語Haveatry.

1.Hetoldusastory．2.Hermothergaveheranewpen．Weweretoldastory（byhim）．或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim．Anewpenwasgiventoherbyhermother．含雙賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法：①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。Haveatry.

1.Hepassedmeabook.2.Mymothermademeacake.Abookwaspassedtomebyhim.或：Iwaspassedabookbyhim.Acakewasmadeformebymymother.或：Iwasmadeacakebymymother.3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)We

consider

Yaoming

anexcellentplayer.Yaoming

wasconsidered

anexcellentplayer.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓Haveatry.

1.Isawhimoutwithhisfather.2.WefoundNingbogreatlychanged.3.Theyaskedthedrivertostopinfontofthehotel.Hewasseenoutwithhisfather.Ningbowasfoundgreatlychanged.Thedriverwasaskedtostopinfrontofthehotel.總結(jié)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語態(tài)=主語+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞+by+動(dòng)作發(fā)出者被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)間和單復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)態(tài)主語be動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞by動(dòng)作發(fā)出者狀語一般現(xiàn)在Thekidiskissedbyhermothereveryday一般過去Thewomanwascheatedyeaterday一般將來Cakeswillbeeatentomorrow現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行Aletterisbeingwrittenbythestudentnow五.其它被動(dòng)語態(tài)1）某些連系動(dòng)詞如smell，feel，taste，sound，prove等可表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如:Thestorysoundsinteresting.Theapplesmellsnice.Sheprovedtobeathief.Theclothfeelssoft.五.其它被動(dòng)語態(tài)

2）某些表示“發(fā)生”（happen，takeplace）“爆發(fā)”（breakout/burstout）和“傳播（spread）”等不及物動(dòng)詞在句子中表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如:Greatchangeshavetakenplacetheseyearsinmyhometown.Wordspreadfastthattheareawastobedemolished.Fiercewarbrokeoutinthealreadypoorcountry.五.其它被動(dòng)語態(tài)

3）由介詞for，on，above，under等構(gòu)成的短語經(jīng)常可以表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如:Andsomeofherfamousphotosareondisplayinthisexhibition.ondisplay是主動(dòng)形式，表示被動(dòng)的含義。on+

under+

for+show/exhibitiondistruction/arrest/attackdiscussion/examination/medicaltreatment/repairsale/rent/五.其它被動(dòng)語態(tài)

4）形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)含義。如:Thebookisworthreading.Thisideaiswellworthconsidering.區(qū)別worth和worthyworth：用法同介詞，后接名詞、代詞、數(shù)字或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式worthy：ofsb/sthAsuccessfulendingisnottheonlythingworthyofacelebration.五.其它被動(dòng)語態(tài)

在need，want，require，deserve和bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，它的含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：①Needdoingsth.“需要被做”Thewatchneedsrepairing.=Thewatchneedstoberepaired.②Wantdoingsth.“想要被做”Thehairwantscutting.=Thehairwantstobecut.③Requiredoingsth.“需要被做”Englishrequiresreadingmoreoften.=Englishrequiredtobereadmoreoften.六.被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)含義1）一些固定詞組，它們的被動(dòng)形式通常表示主動(dòng)意義。例如：beconcernedwith/about（關(guān)心），bedressedin（穿著）.behidden（躲藏起來），belocated（位于），belostin（陷入，迷路），beseated（就座）等。That‘sfine，asfaraswe’reconcerned.Aftereveryonewasseated，theteacherbegantoreadtheresult.六.被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)含義

2）還有一些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)形式也表示主動(dòng)意義。這類詞組有:beusedto（習(xí)慣于），bedetermined（決心，決定），beprepared（準(zhǔn)備）等。如:Iamusedtoreadingbooksinthemorning.Bedeterminedtoswimandyoucoulddiscoverawholenewyou.只有下定決心去乘風(fēng)破浪，你就一定能找到一個(gè)全新的自己。Bepreparedforlotsofrejectionsbeforeyoulandajob.Practice1.ThefarmersaidthePLA(People'sLiberationArmy)mencametorescuetimelywhenthey_____inthesnowstorm.A．weretrappingB．werebeingtrappedC．a(chǎn)retrapping

D．a(chǎn)rebeingtrappedItisthethirdtimesofarthatsuchafestival________inmyhometown.A．isheld

B．hasbeenheldC．willbeheld D．hadbeenheldPractice3.Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percent_______properlyinthishospital.A．canbethepatientstreatedB．thepatientscanbetreatedC．canthepatientsbetreatedD．treatedcanbethepatientsPractice4．Itwasthenaturaldisaster,ratherthanhumanerrors,that________forthedeathofsomanyinnocentpeople.A．a(chǎn)reblamed

B．wastoblame C．wasblamed

D．weretoblame5．––Aretherepairsfinishedyet?––Yes,they______whenIcamebackhome.A．wouldbecompletedB．wouldcompleteC．hadcompleted

D．hadbeencompletedPractice

6．Variousef