數(shù)學(xué)英文詞匯

solutionsetsolutionset解集solutionsetsolutionset解集代數(shù)部分有關(guān)基本運(yùn)算：add,plus加subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient商remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號(hào)roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入有關(guān)集合union并集propersubset真子集有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代數(shù)項(xiàng)liketerms,similarterms同類項(xiàng)numericalcoefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literalcoefficient 字母系數(shù)inequality不等式triangleinequality 三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等價(jià)方程linearequation線性方程x+6=22)有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)properfraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improperfraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixednumber帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgarfraction,commonfraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simplefraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)complexfraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction 純小數(shù)infinitedecimal 無窮小數(shù)recurringdecimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位基本數(shù)學(xué)概念arithmeticmean算術(shù)平均值weightedaverage加權(quán)平均值geometricmean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù) ,底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量inversefunction反函數(shù)complementaryfunction余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorizationfactorization因式分解factorizationfactorization因式分解absolutevalue 絕對(duì)值，.|-32|=32roundoff四舍五入有關(guān)數(shù)論naturalnumber自然數(shù)positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負(fù)數(shù)oddinteger,oddnumber奇數(shù)eveninteger,evennumber偶數(shù)integer,wholenumber 整數(shù)positivewholenumber 正整數(shù)negativewholenumber負(fù)整數(shù)consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)realnumber,rationalnumber實(shí)數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)compositenumber合數(shù) primenumber質(zhì)數(shù) reciprocal倒數(shù)commondivisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的tens十位units個(gè)位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)commonratio公比數(shù)列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometricprogression(sequence)等比數(shù)列其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時(shí)針方向cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計(jì)，近似parentheses括號(hào)proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函數(shù)unit單位,位幾何部分1.所有的角alternateangle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle對(duì)頂角centralangle圓心角interiorangle內(nèi)角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles補(bǔ)角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle鄰角acuteangle銳角obtuseangle鈍角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夾角2.2.所有的三角形2.2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形scalenetriangle不等邊三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle內(nèi)接三角形有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentriccircles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長方形regularpolygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形其它平面圖形arc弧line,straightline直線linesegment線段parallellines平行線segmentofacircle弧形有關(guān)立體圖形cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangularsolid 長方體regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面體circularcylinder 圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物altitude高depth深度side邊長circumference,perimeter周長radian弧度surfacearea表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股crosssection橫截面centerofacircle圓心chord弦radius半徑anglebisector角平分線diagonal對(duì)角線diameter直徑edge棱faceofasolid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊includedside夾邊leg三角形的直角邊medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)的5次方，2就是底數(shù)）opposite直角三角形中的對(duì)邊midpoint中點(diǎn)endpoint端點(diǎn)點(diǎn)vertex（復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices）頂點(diǎn)tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距有關(guān)坐標(biāo)coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系rectangularcoordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點(diǎn)abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane復(fù)平面其它planegeometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的一般詞匯數(shù)學(xué)mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem計(jì)算calculation運(yùn)算operation證明prove假設(shè)hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命題proposition算術(shù)arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加數(shù)augend,summand加數(shù)addend和sum減minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被減數(shù)minuend減數(shù)subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù)multiplicand,faciend乘數(shù)multiplicator積product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除數(shù)dividend除數(shù)divisor商quotient等于 equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于 isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan運(yùn)算符operator數(shù)字digit數(shù)number自然數(shù)naturalnumber整數(shù)integer小數(shù)decimal小數(shù)點(diǎn)decimalpoint分?jǐn)?shù)fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive負(fù)negative零null,zero,nought,nil十進(jìn)制 decimalsystem二進(jìn)制 binarysystem十六進(jìn)制hexadecimalsystem權(quán)weight,significance進(jìn)位carry截尾truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 rounddown上舍入 roundup有效數(shù)字 significantdigit無效數(shù)字 insignificantdigit代數(shù)algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)單項(xiàng)式 monomial多項(xiàng)式 polynomial,multinomial系數(shù)coefficient

未知數(shù)unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式 equationsimpleequationquadraticequationquarticequation次方程cubicequation次方程cubicequation不等式inequation階乘factorial對(duì)數(shù)logarithm指數(shù)，冪exponent乘方power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 thepowerof four,thefourth powern次方 thepowerof n,thenthpower開方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根 squareroot三次方根，立方根 cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union補(bǔ)集complement映射mapping函數(shù)function定義域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant變量variable單調(diào)性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity圖象image數(shù)列，級(jí)數(shù) series微積分calculus微分differential導(dǎo)數(shù)derivative極限limit無窮大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal積分integral定積分 definiteintegral不定積分indefiniteintegral有理數(shù) rationalnumber無理數(shù)irrationalnumber實(shí)數(shù)realnumber虛數(shù)imaginarynumber復(fù)數(shù)complexnumber矩陣matrix行列式determinant幾何geometry點(diǎn)point線line面plane體solid線段segment射線radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian銳角acuteangle直角rightangle鈍角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base邊side高h(yuǎn)eight三角形 triangle銳角三角形 acutetriangle直角三角形 righttriangle直角邊 leg斜邊hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem鈍角三角形 obtusetriangle不等邊三角形 scalenetriangle等腰三角形 isoscelestriangle等邊三角形 equilateraltriangle四邊形quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram矩形rectangle長length寬width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形 righttrapezoid等腰梯形 isoscelestrapezoid五邊形 pentagon六邊形 hexagon七邊形heptagon八邊形 octagon九邊形enneagon十邊形 decagon十一邊形 hendecagon十二邊形 dodecagon多邊形 polygon正多邊形 equilateralpolygon圓circle圓心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半徑radius直徑diameter圓周率pi弧arc半圓semicircle扇形sector環(huán)ring橢圓ellipse圓周circumference周長perimeter面積area軌跡locus,loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruenttetrahedron五面體 pentahedron六面體 hexahedron平行六面體 parallelepiped立方體 cube七面體 heptahedron八面體 octahedron九面體 enneahedron十面體 decahedron十一面體hendecahedron十二面體 dodecahedron二十面體 icosahedron多面體polyhedron棱錐pyramid棱柱prism棱臺(tái)frustumofaprism旋轉(zhuǎn)rotation軸axis圓錐cone圓柱cylinder圓臺(tái)frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface相位相位phase相位相位phase表面積surfacearea體積volume空間space坐標(biāo)系 coordinates坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis,y-axis,z-axis橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate原點(diǎn)origin雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線 parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦 arcsine反余弦 arccosine反正切 arctangent反余切 arccotangent反正割 arcsecant反余割 arccosecant周期period振幅amplitude內(nèi)心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓inscribedcircle外切圓 circumcircle統(tǒng)計(jì)statistics平均數(shù) average加權(quán)平均數(shù) weightedaverage方差variance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 root-mean-squaredeviation, standarddeviation比例propotion百分比 percent百分點(diǎn) percentage百分位數(shù)percentile排列permutation組合combination概率，或然率 probability分布distribution正態(tài)分布normaldistribution非正態(tài)分布 abnormaldistribution圖表graph條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 bargraph柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 histogram折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 brokenlinegraph曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 curvediagram扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 piediagram其他數(shù)學(xué)詞匯：mathematics數(shù)學(xué)theorem定理calculation計(jì)算operation運(yùn)算arithmetic算術(shù)，四則運(yùn)算addition加法subtraction減法multiplication乘法division除法sum和remainder余product積quotient商2plus1equals3二加一等于三4minus2equals2四減二等于二4multipliedby5,4times5四乘以五addend加數(shù)plussign加號(hào)minussign減號(hào)multiplicand被乘數(shù)multiplier乘數(shù)divisor除數(shù)dividend被除數(shù)decimalpoint小數(shù)點(diǎn)noughtpointfour零點(diǎn)四fraction分?jǐn)?shù)ratio比proportion比例numerator分子commondenominator公分母exponent指數(shù)differentialcalculus微分學(xué)integralcalculus積分sliderule計(jì)算尺function函數(shù)derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)power冪,乘方toraisetothepoweroffive使乘五次方xsquared某數(shù)的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的tothefourthpower,tothepoweroffour乘四次方squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根ruleofthree混合積 混合積 :triple product.比例法logarithm對(duì)數(shù)logarithmtable對(duì)數(shù)表algebra代數(shù)equation等式，方程式unknown未知數(shù)simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程微積分反函數(shù):inversefunction.冪函數(shù):powerfunction.指數(shù)函數(shù) : exponential function.對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù) : logarithmic function.三角函數(shù):trigonometricfunction.function.反三角函數(shù) :anti-trigonometricfunction.復(fù)合函數(shù):compoundfunction.初等函數(shù):elementaryfunction.雙曲函數(shù):hyperbolicfunction.反雙曲函數(shù) :anti-hyperbolicfunction.無窮小 :infinitesimal.無窮大 :infinity.連續(xù)性 :continuity.間斷點(diǎn) :discontinuouspoint.介值定理:intermediatevaluetheorem.導(dǎo)數(shù):derivative. 微分:differential.函數(shù)的單調(diào)性 :monotonicityoffunction.曲線:curve.曲線的凹凸性 :concavityofcurve.曲線的拐點(diǎn): keenpointofcurve.曲率:curvature.不定積分:indefiniteintegral(indeterminate integral).定積分:definiteintegral.廣義積分:improperintegral.空間解析幾何:spaceanalyticgeometry.向量代數(shù):vectoralgebra.空間直角坐標(biāo)系:spacerectangularcoordinatesystem.數(shù)量積 :scalar product.向量積 :vector product.曲面:surface.二次曲面:second-degreesurface.線性代數(shù)Aadjont(adjugate)ofmatrixAA的伴隨矩陣augmentedmatrixA的增廣矩陣Bblockdiagonalmatrix塊對(duì)角矩陣blockmatrix塊矩陣basicsolutionset基礎(chǔ)解系CCauchy-Schwarzinequality 柯西 -許瓦茲不等式characteristicequation特征方程characteristicpolynomial 特征多項(xiàng)式coffcientmatrix系數(shù)矩陣cofactor代數(shù)余子式cofactorexpansion代數(shù)余子式展開columnvector列向量commutingmatrices交換矩陣consistentlinearsystem相容線性方程組Cramer'srule克萊姆法則交叉項(xiàng)Cross-productterm交叉項(xiàng)Determinant行列式Diagonalentries對(duì)角元素Diagonalmatrix對(duì)角矩陣DimensionofavectorspaceV向量空間V的維數(shù)Eechelonmatrix梯形矩陣eigenspace特征空間eigenvalue特征值eigenvector特征向量eigenvectorbasis 特征向量的基elementarymatrix 初等矩陣elementaryrowoperations行初等變換Ffullrank滿秩fundermentalsetofsolution基礎(chǔ)解系Ggrneralsolution通解Gram-Schmidtprocess施密特正交化過程Hhomogeneouslinearequations齊次線性方程組Iidentitymatrix單位矩陣不相容線性方程組inconsistentlinearsystem不相容線性方程組indefinitematrix不定矩陣indefinitquatraticform不定二次型infinite-dimensionalspace無限維空間innerproduct內(nèi)積inverseofmatrixA逆矩陣JKLlinearcombination 線性組合linearlydependent 線性相關(guān)linearlyindependent線性無關(guān)lineartransformation線性變換lowertriangularmatrix下三角形矩陣MmaindiagonalofmatrixA矩陣的主對(duì)角matrix矩陣Nnegativedefinitequaraticform負(fù)定二次型negativesemidefinitequadraticform半負(fù)定二次型nonhomogeneousequations非齊次線性方程組nonsigularmatrix非奇異矩陣nontrivialsolution非平凡解normofvectorV向量V的范數(shù)normalizingvectorV規(guī)范化向量Oorthogonalbasis正交基orthogonalcomplement正交補(bǔ)orthogonaldecomposition正交分解orthogonallydiagonalizablematrix矩陣的正交對(duì)角化orthogonalmatrix正交矩陣orthogonalset正交向量組orthonormalbasis規(guī)范正交基orthonomalset規(guī)范正交向量組Ppartitionedmatrix分塊矩陣positivedefinitematrix正定矩陣positivedefinitequatraticform正定二次型positivesemidefinitematrix半正定矩陣positivesemidefinitequadraticform 半正定二次型Qquatraticform二次型RrankofmatrixA矩陣A的秩r(A)reducedechelonmatrix最簡(jiǎn)梯形陣rowvector行向量Ssetspannedby{}由向量{}所生成similarmatrices相似矩陣相似變換similaritytransformation相似變換singularmatrix奇異矩陣solutionset解集合standardbasis標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基standardmatrix標(biāo)準(zhǔn)矩陣Isubmatrix子矩陣subspace子空間symmetricmatrix對(duì)稱矩陣TtraceofmatrixA矩陣A的跡tr(A)transposeofA矩陣A的轉(zhuǎn)秩triangleinequlity三角不等式trivialsolution平凡解Uunitvector單位向量uppertriangularmatrix上三角形矩陣Vvandermondematrix范得蒙矩陣vector向量vectorspace向量空間WZzerosubspace零子空間zerovector零空間概率與統(tǒng)計(jì)Probabilitytheorymathematicalstatisticsdeterministicphenomenonrandomphenomenonsamplespacerandomoccurrencefundamentaleventcertain eventimpossibleeventrandom test驗(yàn)incompatibleeventsfrequencyclassical probabilistic modelgeometric probabilityconditionalprobabilitymultiplicationtheoremBayes'sformulaPriorprobabilityPosteriorprobabilityIndependentevents概率論數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)確定性現(xiàn)象隨機(jī)現(xiàn)象樣本空間隨機(jī)事件基本事件必然事件不可能事件隨機(jī)試互不相容事件頻率古典概型幾何概率條件概率乘法定理貝葉斯公式先驗(yàn)概率后驗(yàn)概率相互獨(dú)立事件Bernoullitrials貝努利試驗(yàn)隨機(jī)變量隨機(jī)變量概率分布分布函數(shù)離散隨機(jī)變量分布律超幾何分布隨機(jī)抽樣模型二項(xiàng)分布泊松分布幾何分布概率密度連續(xù)隨機(jī)變量均勻分布指數(shù)分布數(shù)字特征數(shù)學(xué)期望、4.'J.方差矩中心矩n-維隨機(jī)變量二維離散隨機(jī)變量聯(lián)合概率分布randomvariableprobabilitydistributiondistribution functiondiscreterandomvariabledistribution lawhypergeometricdistributionrandomsamplingmodelbinomialdistributionPoissondistributiongeometric distributionprobabilitydensitycontinuousrandomvariableuniformly distributionexponentialdistributionnumerical charactermathematicalexpectationvariancemomentcentralmomentn-dimensionalrandomvariabletwo-dimensionalrandomvariablejointprobabilitydistributionjointdistributionlaw聯(lián)合分布律聯(lián)合分布函數(shù)聯(lián)合分布函數(shù)邊緣分布律邊緣分布函數(shù)二維指數(shù)分布二維連續(xù)隨機(jī)變量聯(lián)合概