大學生英語四級真題15

2016年6月大學英語四級考試真題試卷三(圓滿版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內(nèi)達成該部分，今后將進行聽力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)說明：2016年6月大學英語四級考試全國共考了兩套聽力.本套的聽力內(nèi)容與第二套同樣，所以本套聽力部分不再重復給出。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren．Moreover,mostadultchildren(26)_______everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiraging第1頁共13parentsaswasthecaseinthe“goodolddays”，andmostolderpeopledonotfeel(27)_______．About80％ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren，andabout90％ofthemhave(28)_______contactwiththeirchildren．About75％ofelderlyparentswhodon’tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren．However,(29)_______havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage．Infact．someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits．Thisresearchmaybe(30)_______，however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore(31)_______andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers．Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth，notjustfamilyinvolvement，(32)_______spirits．Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships，ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact，betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren．Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious(33)，theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother’scompany．Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan(34)_______causeproblems．Ifparentsareangeredbytheirdaughter’sdivorce，dislikehernewhusband．a(chǎn)nddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren，(35)_______arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits．注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A.abandonedB.advancedC.biasedD.chancesE．commitmentF．dampensG．dependentH．distantI．frequentJ．fulfillmentK．grantL．merelyM．provideN．understandablyO．unrealisticallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?第2頁共13FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural，population，environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions．Thecombinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernmentsandsocieties．YetI，too，haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization．Icannolongerignorethatrisk．Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible．Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansuppliesaregrowing，theresultingfood．priceinflationputsseverestressonthegovernmentsofmanycountries．Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown，hungrypeopletaketothestreets．Indeed，evenbeforethesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008。thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding．Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen，entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate．Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict；todayitisfailingstates．Statesfailwhennationalgovernmentscannolongerprovidepersonalsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare．Whengovernmentslosetheircontrolonpowerlawandorderbegintodisintegrate．Afterapoint，countriescanbecomesodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted．Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists，drugs，weaponsandrefugees(難民)threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere．Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008～andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurity-hasadifferent，moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast．Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes．In1972，forinstance，theSoviets，recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket．Asaresult．wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled，pullingriceandcornpricesupwiththem．Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent．Driven-droughtintheSovietUnion．Crop-shrinkingheatintheU．S．CornBelt．Andtheriseswereshort-lived：pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest．Incontrast，therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven，makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves．Onthedemandside．thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts，andthemassivediversion(轉(zhuǎn)向)ofU．S．graintotheproductionofbio-fuel．第3頁共13Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers，thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge．Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels．Afourthofthisyear’sU．S．grainharvestwillgotofuelcars．Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends-theshortageoffreshwater．thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperatures-aremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld’sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand．Ofallthosetrends．however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat．Thebiggestchallengehereisirrigation．whichconsumes70％oftheworld’sfreshwater．Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem．Theresultisfallingwatertables(地下水位)incountrieswithhalftheworld’speople，includingthethreebiggrainproducers—China，IndiaandtheU．S．[I]Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,China’swheatcrop，theworld’slargest，hasdeclinedby8％sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997．ButwatershortagesareevenmoreworryinginIndia．Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate．Astheworld’sfoodsecurityfallstopieces。individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany．Thetrendbeganin2007，whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports．inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices．Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason．Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries，buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport．Inresponsetothoserestrictions，grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsupplies．Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyFood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries．Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures，soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven，theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed．Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80％fromtheir2006levelsby2020．stabilizetheworld’spopulationateightbillionby2040，completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils．Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives．Indeed，wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese-thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandthe第4頁共13associatedshifttosmallerfamilies．Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive，promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch．Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate．Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization．Yetmecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1／6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending．Ineffect，ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget．注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。36．Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts．37．Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages．38．Ratherthansuperpowerconflict，countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity．39．Somepansoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanning．40．Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseofworldcivilization．41．Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld’sgrainproduction．42．Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld’scurrentmilitaryspending．43．Tolowerdomesticfoodprices，somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports．44．Environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage．45．Aquarterofthisyear’sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforcars．SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.第5頁共13Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage，butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood，anewstudysuggests．Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60，foundthatcertainmentalfunctions-includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning．mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving-startedtodullasearlyasage27．Dipsinmemory,meanwhile，generallybecameapparentaroundage37．Ontheotherhand．indicatorsofaperson’saccumulatedknowledge-likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge-keptimprovingwithage，accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging．Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories．Mostpeople’smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears，accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse．“Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood，butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas，andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone’sabilities，mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases，”Salthousesaidinanewsrelease．Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears．Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(細微的)changesinmentalfunction，andinvolvesolvingpuzzles，recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories，andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols．Ingeneral，Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound，certainaspectsofcognition(認知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s．Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage—relatedchangesinmentalfunction，whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(癡呆)，accordingtotheresearchers．“Byfollowingindividualsovertime，”Salthousesaid，“wegaininsightincognitionchanges，andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline．”Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyparticipants’healthandlifestyleeewhichtofactorsmightinfluenceage．relatedcognitivechanges．注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。第6頁共1346．Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?A）Itvariesfrompersontoperson．B）Itweakensinone’slateryears．C）Itgraduallyexpandswithage．D）Itindicatesone’shealthcondition47．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?A）Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline．B）Theyreachapeakattheageof20formostpeople．C）Theyarecloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalexercise．D）Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung．48．WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople’smindsinmostcases?A）Theytendtodeclineinpeople’slateryears．B）Theirflexibilitydeterminesone’sabilities．C）Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage．D）Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved．49．Althoughpeople’smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage，they．A）maybebetteratsolvingpuzzlesB）canmemorizethingswithmoreeaseC）mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoningD）canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse50．AccordingtoSalthouse，theirstudymayhelpus．A）findwaystoslowdownourmentaldeclineB）findwaystoboostourmemoriesC）understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioningD）understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth第7頁共13PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren．Theshorthand(簡寫)educatorsuseforthisis“pre-K”-meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten-andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey．Butitgetscomplicated．Theconcepthasmultipleforms，andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape，scopeandcostoftheidealprogram．ThefederalHeadStartprogram．launched50yearsago。hasservedmorethan30millionchildren．ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity’sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch．AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeoluntaryVPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks．butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade．Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K，andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissuesrelatedtoeducatingachild．Pre-Kiscontroversial．Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn’tbefleetofamiliesabletoPay．Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild’sschooling．Ileantowardthelatterview．Thisis，inanycase，therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice．Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming．Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture．Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干涉)works．Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation．Forthispurpose，ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor．Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly．注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。第8頁共1351．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?A）Itshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren．B）Itisessentialtoaperson’sfutureacademicSuccess．C）Scholarsandpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsabout．itD）Parentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildren’sdevelopment．52．WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?A）Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong．B）Thethirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning．C）Thethirdgradeiscriticaltochildren’sdevelopment．D）Qualityhasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms．53．Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest?A）Whenitisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies．B）Whenitismadepartofkids’．educationC）Whenitisnolongerconsideredaluxury．D）Whenitismadefunandenjoyabletokids．54．WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?A）Sheknowstherealgoalofeducation．B）Sheisamayorofinsightandvision．C）Shehasoncerunapre-Kprogram．D）Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-K．55．Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids

’

education?A）Teachingmethod．B）Kids’

interest．C）Earlyintervention．D）Parents

’involvement．PartIV

Translation

(30minutes)第9

頁共

13Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運河邊。這是一處迷人的地方，有很多古橋、中式酒店和餐館。在過去一千年里，烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化，是一座顯現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)全部房子都用石木建筑。數(shù)百年來，當?shù)厝搜刂舆吔ㄆ鹆俗∷褪屑?。無數(shù)廣闊漂亮的庭院安家于屋舍之間，旅客們每到一處都會有欣喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。答案【參照作文】DearLiMing,I’mwritingthislettertoexpressmydeepthankstoyouforhelpingmeoutwhenIfailedinmyfirstcollegeentranceexamination.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythatitwastheworsttimeofmylifewhenIcompletelylostthefaithinmylifeandbegantoabandonmyself.Thenyoucametoencouragemenottogiveup.ItwasyouwhoconvincedmethatthefailuretocollegeentranceexaminationshouldnotbetheendofmyeffortsandthatIshouldpullmyselftogethertogivemyselfasecondchance;otherwise,Iwouldbecomearealloser.Thankstosuchafrankfriendasyou,Irestoredmyconfidence,andfinallyfulfilledmycollegedream.第10頁共13Thanksagain,fromthebottomofmyheart,mydearfriend.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely,MarySectionA26.M)provide27.A)abandoned28.I)frequent29.L)merely30.C)biased31.G)dependent32.F)dampens33.E)commitment34.N)understandably35.O)unrealisticallySectionB36.［F］Incontrast,therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,......37.［K］Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingto......38.