專(zhuān)題14語(yǔ)法填空

系列資料BY三好網(wǎng)匯編20/20做好“期中試卷”分析，高分贏戰(zhàn)“期末”三好網(wǎng)名師1對(duì)1免費(fèi)試卷分析熱線(xiàn)：4000—176—333專(zhuān)題14語(yǔ)法填空易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1利用＂慣性思維＂命題1.Staying________________theoldestpersonisfinishedisconsideredtobeabasictraditionofKoreantablemanners.【錯(cuò)因分析】有些考生看到stay后面跟的是人，就會(huì)想到with，殊不知這里不是填介詞而是連詞。【試題解析】句意：一直等到最年長(zhǎng)的人用膳完畢被認(rèn)為是韓國(guó)餐桌禮儀的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)。故填until?！緟⒖即鸢浮縰ntil2.July1,1997sawthereturnofHongKongtoChina.ThedayourChinesepeoplehadlookedforwardto________________(come)atlast.【參考答案】came為了避免慣性思維的干擾，考生要認(rèn)真理清詞語(yǔ)的搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷出合乎邏輯的句意。下面再給幾句容易讓思維定勢(shì)造成誤區(qū)的句子供考生們學(xué)習(xí)：Thereason________________hegaveusatthemeetingwasnotacceptable.（應(yīng)填that/which，不要以為reason后面就一定是填why；這里的先行詞reason在從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ)而不是狀語(yǔ)）Iwillneverforgetthetime________________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.（應(yīng)填that/which，不要以為先行詞是表示時(shí)間的，后面就一定是填when；這里的先行詞time在從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ)而不是狀語(yǔ)）Thisisthefactory________________wevisitedthreeyearsago.（應(yīng)填that/which，不要以為先行詞是一個(gè)地方，后面就一定是填where；這里的先行詞factory在從句中作visited的賓語(yǔ)而不是狀語(yǔ)）3.Hgrow＂higher.【解析】有些考生一看到＂betired＂就馬上想到＂betiredof’＂這一短語(yǔ)，但這里不是＂厭倦＂的意思，而是表示＂在??之后感到累，因做某事而累＂?！敬鸢浮縜fter/from4.Istillrememberthestory,________________believeitornotwegotlostonarainynight.【答案】that易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2利用＂藕斷絲連＂命題1.Isthereanyoneyoucanthinkof________________mayknowwhichhospitalhewassentto?【錯(cuò)因分析】考生可能會(huì)因?yàn)闆](méi)看出來(lái)本句中的＂youcanthinkof’＂是插入語(yǔ)而誤填答案。【試題解析】句意：你能不能想到有誰(shuí)可能知道他被送往哪一家醫(yī)院了？句中的＂youcanthinkof’’是插入語(yǔ)，＂anyone＂后面跟的是定語(yǔ)從句，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以要用who來(lái)引導(dǎo)?！緟⒖即鸢浮縲ho命題者有意在句子中使用插入語(yǔ)，給考生的理解帶來(lái)一定的困難和干擾。要解決這樣的困擾，考生必須對(duì)英語(yǔ)中的插入語(yǔ)有一定的了解。首先，插入語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中屬于獨(dú)立成分，是對(duì)一句話(huà)進(jìn)行附加解釋或說(shuō)明。通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，常位于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。由于插入語(yǔ)與句中其他成分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系，將它刪掉之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，所以遇到此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，考生應(yīng)先刪掉插入語(yǔ)來(lái)理解句子成分。下面列出一些含有插入語(yǔ)的句子(主要是插入語(yǔ)位于句中的句子)供考生們理解，畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分為插入語(yǔ)：1.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.2.Whodoyouthinkwillgiveusatalkthisafternoon?3.Anawfulaccidentdid,however,occurtheotherday.4.Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly,forexample,bydippinginwater,itwillbeveryhardbutwillbreakeasily.5.Someareyoungpeoplewho,foronereasonoranother,havelefthomeandhavenowheretolive.6.Therefore,ourtobaccoseller,Mr.Johnson,alwaysaskshiscustomers,iftheyareveryyoung,whomthecigarettesareboughtfor.7.Afast-foodrestaurantistheplacewhere,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.2.Andthisis,whenmytaxidrivertoldme,________________Inowcall,＂TheLawoftheGarbageTruck.＂【答案】what3.Weweredrivinginthefightlane________________allofasudden,ablackcarjumpedoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus.【解析】此處是＂bedoingsthwhen...＂結(jié)構(gòu)，表示＂正在做……這時(shí)……＂。【答案】when4.AnAmericanprofessor,CharlesZastrow,offersaninterestinganswer,particularly________________thesecondquestion.【解析】＂ananswertothequestion＂表示＂問(wèn)題的答案＂，是固定搭配。【答案】to易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3利用＂同形異性＂命題1.Stageschoolsoftenactasagencieswhichsupplychildrenforstageandtelevisionwork.________________visittosuchschoolswillleaveyouinnodoubtthatthechildrenenjoythemselves.【錯(cuò)因分析】考生可能會(huì)誤以為空后的visit是動(dòng)詞，所以錯(cuò)填了代詞，而實(shí)際上，visit在此用作名詞，所以前面缺的應(yīng)是冠詞?！緟⒖即鸢浮緼2.Languagelearningresearch________________(show)thatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.【錯(cuò)因分析】有些考生會(huì)誤以為題中的research是作動(dòng)詞，從而錯(cuò)填成了非謂語(yǔ)showing，實(shí)際上這里research這里用作名詞，空處在句中用作謂語(yǔ)?！驹囶}解析】句意：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示，成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者們?cè)诤芏喾矫娑枷嗨?。主語(yǔ)Languagelearningresearch為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，因此謂語(yǔ)也要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填shows。【參考答案】shows英語(yǔ)中有很多這種同形同義但異性(詞性)的單詞，或者是同形異性并異義的單詞?？忌诜治鼍渥映煞值臅r(shí)候要仔細(xì)，根據(jù)＂主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)＂來(lái)確定主要成分，再結(jié)合句意確定這類(lèi)單詞的詞性和意義。此外，平時(shí)要注意積累這類(lèi)單詞，下面列出一些常見(jiàn)的詞匯：helpv.幫忙n.幫忙likev.喜歡prep.象handv.交給n.手headv.前進(jìn)n.頭/首腦formv.形成n.表格endv.結(jié)束n.終點(diǎn)influencev.影響n(yōu).影響smilev.微笑n.微笑smellv.嗅到n.嗅覺(jué)/氣味studyv.學(xué)習(xí)n.學(xué)習(xí)/書(shū)房timev.計(jì)時(shí)n.時(shí)間/次數(shù)trainv.培訓(xùn)n.火車(chē)matchv.相配n.比賽/火柴workv.工作/起作用n.工作slowadj.慢的v.減速objectv.反對(duì)n.物品rightadj.正確的n.權(quán)利watchv.看n.手表patientadj.耐心的n.病人matterv.要緊n.事情3.Manypeoplecareforthequestion:amIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,________________worrythatpeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomereasons.【答案】the易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4利用語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)境和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系命題1.Theprinciplesaboutapplyingforajobhavealteredgreatlylately.Inthepast,peoplepreferredahand-writtenapplicationletter.______,nowadaysitisbecomingmoreandmorecommontoapplyforajobthroughtheInternet.【錯(cuò)因分析】考生在做此題時(shí)容易忽視上下文的語(yǔ)境，單純從空格所在的句子入手，去揣測(cè)答案?！驹囶}解析】空前說(shuō)過(guò)去人們偏好手寫(xiě)申請(qǐng)書(shū)，空后說(shuō)如今通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)申請(qǐng)工作越來(lái)越普遍了，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且此處有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，因此要用however?！緟⒖即鸢浮縃owever常用的語(yǔ)篇連詞和短語(yǔ)：first,second,what’smore,inaddition,apartfromthis,lastbutnottheleast,however,but,although,though,despite,because,as,since,nowthat,therefore,thus,so,notonly...butalso...,aswellas,inaword,inshort,tosumup等。2.Hehadamateandshewasdyingontheground.Sittingclosebesideher,heopenedandclosed_______wingsasiftofanher.【答案】his【名師點(diǎn)睛】考生在做題時(shí)要注意句子的整體性，注意句子的前后聯(lián)系，使用符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的詞來(lái)完成空格。如本題，代詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)與它替代的名詞或代詞保持一致，而the表示特指或指上文提到過(guò)的人或事。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5利用抽象名詞或物質(zhì)具體化角度命題1.Yesitwouldcomeas_________surprisetoalotofpeopletohearthatChristmaswasactuallyoriginallymeanttocelebratethebirthofJesusChrist.【錯(cuò)因分析】有些抽象名詞具體化后，表示一個(gè)具體的人或者事，前面必須用不定冠詞。比如：pity,shame,pleasure,must,success等?！驹囶}解析】句意：在聽(tīng)到圣誕節(jié)實(shí)際上是為了慶祝耶穌的誕生時(shí)，很多人都會(huì)很驚訝。surprise在此用作名詞，表示＂令人驚奇的事＂?！緟⒖即鸢浮縜抽象名詞具體化通?？煞譃橐韵聝深?lèi)：一、表示情感、情緒的詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的人或事時(shí)常將其具體化使用。常用的重點(diǎn)抽象名詞可概括為如下11個(gè)字：驚、樂(lè)、幸、憾、傲、慰、險(xiǎn)、助、成、敗、美。1.surprise吃驚、驚奇（不可數(shù)名詞）asurprise令人吃驚的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）insurprise驚奇地、吃驚地 toone’ssurprise令人吃驚的是Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!在這里見(jiàn)到你真是個(gè)意外的事。2.pleasure愉快、高興（不可數(shù)名詞）apleasure一件樂(lè)事、一個(gè)樂(lè)趣（可數(shù)名詞）如：withpleasure高興地、樂(lè)意地 takepleasurein以……為樂(lè)、愛(ài)好It’sapleasuretoworkwithhim.和他一塊兒工作是件樂(lè)事。3.honor榮譽(yù)、信譽(yù)（不可數(shù)名詞）anhonor一種光榮的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：forthehonorofthecountry為了國(guó)家的榮譽(yù)It’sanhonortospeakhere.在這里發(fā)言是我的榮幸。4.pity遺憾apity一件遺憾的事It’sapitythatyoushouldfailtopasstheexam.你沒(méi)通過(guò)考試真是件遺憾的事。5.pride驕傲（不可數(shù)名詞）apride令人驕傲的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：Hetakesprideinhisson.他以?xún)鹤訛轵湴痢eisapridetohisparents.他是父母的一個(gè)驕傲。6.comfort安危、舒適（不可數(shù)名詞）acomfort一個(gè)令人安慰的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：enjoycomfort享受舒適Booksbecomeacomforttohim.書(shū)籍成為他的一種安慰。Shetriedtomakeherchildrenliveincomfort,whichisagreatcomforttoher.她盡力讓她的孩子生活舒適，這對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是一種安慰。7.danger危險(xiǎn)（不可數(shù)名詞）adanger可能引起危險(xiǎn)的人或物（可數(shù)名詞）如：Inwar,asoldier’slifeisfullofdanger.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，士兵的生命充滿(mǎn)了危險(xiǎn)。Themanisadangertosociety.那是個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)危險(xiǎn)的人物。8.success成功（不可數(shù)名詞）asuccess一個(gè)成功的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：besureofsuccess確信成功Heisagreatsuccessasascientist.作為科學(xué)家，他是個(gè)偉大的成功者。9.failure失敗（不可數(shù)名詞）afailure/failures失敗的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗是成功之母。Hehadhadsixfailuresandwouldhaveaseventhtry.他已經(jīng)歷六次失敗，并將再次努力。10.help幫助ahelp幫手，起幫助作用的物It’sagreathelptome.這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)幫助很大。11.beauty美、美麗（不可數(shù)名詞）abeauty美人、美麗的東西（可數(shù)名詞）如：thebeautyofnature大自然的美Heregardedhiswifeasabeauty.他把妻子視為美人。二、表行為的抽象名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)其具體表現(xiàn)形式時(shí)，常以a/an加抽象名詞，或a/an+形容詞+抽象名詞。常用短語(yǔ)、句型如下：haveawonderfulsupper haveastrongcharacter haveabrightfuturehaveagoodtime haveapopulationof haveagoodknowledge/understandingofhaveanincomeof receiveagoodeducation receiveawarmwelcomecoveranareaof reachaheightof It’sawasteoftime/money.It’sagreathelptome. It’sapitythat...三、表示具體動(dòng)作意義的抽象名詞，加a/an與某些動(dòng)詞（have,take,make,give）等詞連用時(shí)，表示某一次短暫的動(dòng)作。haveaswim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleeptakeawalk/bathgive/takeatrymakeanadvance/anearlystart/anapologytake/haveagreatinterestgooutforawalk四、接同源賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)，通常名詞表示具體化意義。dieaheroicdeath live/leadahappy/simple/hard/poor/bitterlife dreamastrangedream2.Myparentsapproachedthesite,whichwasstillwetfrom___________heavyrain.【答案】a【名師點(diǎn)睛】類(lèi)似于rain的用法的名詞被稱(chēng)為物質(zhì)名詞，它們一般都是不可數(shù)名詞，但是一旦在它們前面加上了形容詞，就成了物質(zhì)名詞具體化。此處表示＂一場(chǎng)大雨＂，因此應(yīng)用不定冠詞a.類(lèi)似的名詞還有：dinner泛指＂飯＂，agooddinner指＂一頓美餐＂；fire泛指＂火＂，abigfire指＂一場(chǎng)大火＂等。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6冠詞的誤用1.Ontheotherhand,asisknowntoall,______honestmanwinstherespectofothers.【錯(cuò)因分析】有些考生會(huì)認(rèn)為honest是以輔音字母h開(kāi)頭，而誤認(rèn)為要用不定冠詞a。實(shí)際上，判斷是用a還是用an的關(guān)鍵是看單詞發(fā)音而不是看首字母。學(xué)科*網(wǎng)【試題解析】句意：另一方面，眾所周知，誠(chéng)實(shí)的人會(huì)贏得別人的尊重。這里是泛指一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，因此要用不定冠詞，又因honest是以元音音素開(kāi)頭，因此要用an?！緟⒖即鸢浮縜n2.Therewas______bigbrightmoonhanginginthesky,givingoffamagicglow.【錯(cuò)因分析】有些考生一看見(jiàn)moon，就認(rèn)為這里是要用定冠詞the，而忽略了其前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，要用不定冠詞。【試題解析】表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，需要用不定冠詞a或者an，此處moon前有修飾語(yǔ)bigbright，因此應(yīng)用a?！緟⒖即鸢浮縜3.Anyonewhoachievessuccessinthisfieldcanbe____________success.【答案】a4.Wecanneverexpect____________bluerskyunlesswecreate____________lesspollutedworld.【解析】句意：如果我們不創(chuàng)造一個(gè)污染較少的世界，就永遠(yuǎn)不要期待一片更藍(lán)的天空。sky前有形容詞比較級(jí)bluer修飾，因此其前要用不定冠詞?！敬鸢浮縜；a5.____________Shanghaioftomorrowissuretocreatenewsplendorandspringupasanothercenterofinternationaleconomy.【解析】表示人名或者地名的專(zhuān)有名詞前一般不用冠詞，但是如果表示＂……的人＂或者具有某種特點(diǎn)的地點(diǎn)，前面可以根據(jù)具體情況用不定冠詞或者定冠詞，這里指的是明天的上海，為特指，因此要用定冠詞the。學(xué)科&網(wǎng)【答案】TheA（2017·新課標(biāo)卷I）Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthat(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.B（2017·新課標(biāo)卷=3\*ROMANIII）Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtochallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term___61___(rest).Instead,sheisearning$6,500adayas___62___modelinNewYork.Sarah___63___(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-timeButSarah,___64___hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants___65___(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher___66___(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral___67___(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree___68___engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,＂MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school___69___(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis___70___(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.＂C（2017·浙江卷）(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda57(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed58loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.＂ShethoughtIhadhurt59(I),＂saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears60(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn’t.Pahlssonandherhusband62(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.＂Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,＂shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,64itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長(zhǎng))throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas65wonder.語(yǔ)法填空之解題策略語(yǔ)法填空題就設(shè)題類(lèi)型而言主要分為有提示詞類(lèi)和無(wú)提示詞類(lèi)，這兩種設(shè)題類(lèi)型的解題方法不盡相同，下面分別就這兩種類(lèi)型的解題步驟進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹：一、有提示詞類(lèi)1.提供動(dòng)詞：當(dāng)設(shè)空處提供動(dòng)詞原形，設(shè)空處一般考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化。2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類(lèi)：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞變化為主，如：形容詞與副詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與動(dòng)詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；動(dòng)詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化等。3.有個(gè)別空可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞性不一定改變，主要考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞，此事，需根據(jù)句子意思及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，加un-，im-等或在詞根后加-less等。二、無(wú)提示詞類(lèi) 首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定要填哪類(lèi)詞。然后，根據(jù)句子的意思及結(jié)構(gòu)，確定具體填什么詞。最后，根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系及語(yǔ)意確定具體用哪個(gè)詞。解題時(shí)要注意以下規(guī)律：1.缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，要填代詞。（1）如果在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前挖空，答案應(yīng)首先考慮代詞。所填代詞主要考慮人稱(chēng)代詞（he，she，they，it等）和關(guān)系代詞（that，which，who等）。（2）如果空前為及物動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或者介詞，要考慮人稱(chēng)代詞賓格和在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。2.名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞前挖空，可以考慮用限定詞或介詞。（1）如果在名詞前挖空，答案應(yīng)首先考慮限定詞。限定詞包括冠詞（a，an，the）、物主代詞（my，her等）、關(guān)系詞（whose等）、疑問(wèn)代詞（what，which等）、不定代詞（no，some，neither等）等。（2）名詞或代詞前挖空，而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，該空很可能填介詞。此時(shí)要特別注意空格處的詞與空前的詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。3.若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間或兩個(gè)句子間沒(méi)有連詞，可能需要填連詞，主要有表示并列關(guān)系的and和表示選擇關(guān)系的or等。4.若兩句之間沒(méi)有連詞，也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一般考慮填關(guān)系詞或從屬連詞。5.若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，且與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did等）。如果是一般疑問(wèn)句則要考慮填助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（do，does，did，have，has，had，can，may等）。6.形容詞或副詞前設(shè)空，表示程度要考慮用how，so，too等；名詞前設(shè)空，如果是感嘆句考慮用what等。語(yǔ)法填空之必備知識(shí)1.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（1）名詞→形容詞后綴例詞-alindustry工業(yè)→industrial工業(yè)的nation國(guó)家→national國(guó)家的-erneast東方→eastern東方的north北方→northern北方的-ful/-lessmeaning意義→meaningful有意義的care小心→careful/careless小心的；粗心的-engold黃金→golden金色的wood木頭→wooden木制的-icreality現(xiàn)實(shí)→realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的history歷史→historic歷史的-likechild孩子→childlike天真的woman婦女→womanlike女人似的-anEurope歐洲→European歐洲的America美國(guó)→American美國(guó)的-ablereason原因→reasonable合理的value價(jià)值→valuable有價(jià)值的-ishchild孩子→childish孩子氣的self自己→selfish自私的-yanger生氣→angry生氣的health健康→healthy健康的-aryrevolution革命→revolutionary革命的-sometrouble麻煩→troublesome令人討厭的-lyfriend朋友→friendly友好的love愛(ài)→lovely可愛(ài)的（2）形容詞→副詞一般情況直接加-lybright→brightly明亮地clear→clearly清楚地correct→correctly正確地以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾變y為i，再加-lyeasy→easily容易地heavy→heavily沉重地happy→happily高興地以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-lysimple→simply僅僅；只；簡(jiǎn)單地possible→possibly可能（3）動(dòng)詞→名詞后綴例詞-anceallow→allowance允許appear→appearance外貌，出現(xiàn)perform→performance演出exist→existence存在-encerefer→reference參考exist→existence存在-alrefer→refusal拒絕arrive→arrival到達(dá)propose→proposal建議survive→survival幸存-ion/-ationdiscuss→discussion討論express→expression詞語(yǔ)；表達(dá)方式instruct→instruction指導(dǎo)，介紹predict→prediction預(yù)言-mentachieve→achievement成就commit→commitmentequip→equipment裝備，器材manage→management經(jīng)營(yíng)管理（4）形容詞→名詞后綴例詞-nesshappy高興的→happiness幸福ill生病的→illness疾病kind善良的→kindness善良weak弱的→weakness弱點(diǎn)-y/-lyefficient有效率的→efficiency效率urgent緊急的→urgency緊急-ismsocial社會(huì)的→socialism社會(huì)主義-thwarm溫暖的→warmth溫暖true真的→truth真理wide寬的→width寬度（5）否定前綴后綴例詞dis-agreeable（adj.使人愉快的）→disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）agreement（n.同意）→disagreement（n.意見(jiàn)不同）appear（vi.出現(xiàn)）→disappear（vi.消失，不見(jiàn)）courage（n.勇氣，精神）→discourage（vt.使氣餒）un-happy（adj.快樂(lè)的）→unhappy（adj.不幸的，不快樂(lè)的）friendly（adj.友好的）→unfriendly（adj.不友好的）il-legal（adj.法律的，法定的）→illegal（adj.違法的）logical（adj.合乎邏輯的）→illogical（adj.不合邏輯的）literate（adj.有文化的n.學(xué)者）→illiterate（adj.沒(méi)受教育的n.文盲）im-possible（adj.可能的）→impossible（adj.不可能的）mortal（adj.必死的，人類(lèi)的）→immortal（adj.不朽的）moral（adj.道德的）→immoral（adj.不道德的）irregular（adj.規(guī)則的）→irregular（adj.不規(guī)則的）rational（adj.理性的）→irrational（adj.無(wú)理性的）resistible（adj.可抵抗的）→irresistible（adj.不可抵抗的）in-correct（adj.正確的）→incorrect（adj.不正確的）justice（n.正義，公平）→injustice（n.不正義，不公平）sincere（adj.真誠(chéng)的）→insincere（adj.虛假的，不真誠(chéng)的）（一）（二）(believe)thatlaughterhelpsreleasestress,whichisthecauseofmanydiseases.ThecelebrationofWorldLaughterDayis2.(mean)tobringgoodhealth,joyandworldpeace.Itisaspecialdaythatcan3.(celebrate)annuallybyanyoneonthefirstSundayofMay.Allpeopleneedtodoislaughaloudandwildly.Thefuneventwasstarted4.Indianphysician,Dr,MadanKataria.Hisquesttomaketheworldahappierplace5.(begin)in1995,withtheintroductionofLaughterYoga（大笑瑜伽課）,afitnessclass6.peoplepracticebreathingexerciseanduncontrolledlaughter.Thoughonlyfivestudentsattendedthefirstclass,thisfunwayofexercisingsoonbegantospreadandinashorttimeitbegantobeheld7.morethan70countriesaroundtheworld.Membersgettogethereverydayortwiceaweek8.exercisebysimplylaughingoutloud,wavingtheirhandsandmakingfunnyfaceseachothertokeepthelaughinggoing.In1998,inanattempttospreadthelaughtertoeveryperson,thephysiciandeclaredthefirstSundayofeveryMayWorldLaughterDay.Not9.(surprise),itbecameaninstanthit.Tomakeitmorefun,Dr.Karariasuggested10.(organize)thecelebrationsinpublicplacessothatotherpeoplecouldjoinin.Someevenawardedprizestoparticipantswhocouldperformthisfeatinnaturalandeffortlessway.（三）In1990,over100countriessigned1.________internationalagreementtomakeitillegaltobuyorsellivory,whichismainlyusedforjewelry.Mostivoryismadefromthetusks(長(zhǎng)牙)ofAfricanelephants.Thesetusksare2.________(terrible)valuable—onepairisworthmorethanthreetimestheincomeofanAfricanfarmerorfactoryworkerinayear.Huntingelephantswassoprofitable3.________from1979to1989thenumberofelephantsinAfricanfellfrom1.3millionto600,000.Itwasfearedthatbytheyear2000therewouldbenone4.________(leave).However,thankstotheinternationalagreement,there5.________(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1990.Butconsidering6.________(vary)ofaspects,itcostsalotofmoneytopreserveelephants.Gamewardens(野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)看守人)mustbehiredtoprotectthem;landmustbesetasideforthem,andwhentheydestroyafarmer’scrops,thefarmermust7.________(pay)compensation.ZimbabweandfourotherAfricancountriessaythatsomeoftheelephantsshouldbekilledlegally.Thiswouldhelpkeepthepopulation8.________(stability),andsellingtheivorywouldhelppayforpreservingtheelephants.Butconservationistssaythat9.________(make)ivorylegaltosellwouldleadtoevenmoreillegalhunting.Otherssay10.________iswrongistokillelephantsbecausetheyaresensitiveanimalswhofeelemotionalpainatthedeathofotherelephants.（四）Onewinterdayin1891,1.________classoftrainingschoolinMassachusetts,USA,wentintothegymfortheir2.________(day)exercises.Sincethefootballseasonhadended,mostoftheyoungmenfelttheywereinforaboringtime.Buttheirteacher,JamesNaismithhadotherideas.Hehadbeenworkingforalongtimeonanewgamewhichwouldhavethe3.________(excite)ofAmericanfootball.Naismithshowedthemenabaskethe4.________(hang)ateachendofthegym,andexplainedthattheyweregoingtousearoundEuropeanfootball.Atfirsteverybodytriedtothrowtheball5.________thebasketnomatterwherehewasstanding.＂Pass!Pass!＂Naismithkeptshouting,6.________(blow)hiswhistletostoptheexcitedplayers.Slowly,theybegantounderstand7.________waswantedofthem.Theproblemwiththenewgame,whichwassooncalled＂basketball＂,8.________(be)gettingtheballoutofthebasket.Theyusedordinaryfoodbasketswithbottoms,andtheball,ofcourse,stayedinside.Atfirst,someonehadtoclimbupeverytimeabasket9.________(score).Itwasseveralyearsbeforesomeonecameupwiththeideaofremovingthebottomofthebasketandlettingtheball10.________(fall)through.Therehavebeenmanychangesintherulessincethen,andbasketballhasbecomeoneoftheworld’smostpopularsports.（五）TheGreatWallofChinaismorethan6,000kilometreslong.Itwinds1.________(it)wayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleys2.________atlastitreachesthesea.TheGreatWallhasahistoryofovertwentycenturies.Thefirstpartofit3.________(build)duringtheSpringandAutumnperiod.DuringtheQinDynasty,4.________(keep)theenemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShiHuanghadallthewalls5.________(join)up.Thus,theGreatWallcameintobe