雅思全真模擬試題

CandidateNameINTERNATIONALENGLISHLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEMINSTRUCTIONSTOCANDIDATESDonotopenthisbookletuntilyouaretoldtodoso.Writeyournameandcandidatenumberinthespaceatthetopofthispage.Youshouldanswerallquestions.WriteallyouranswersontheQuestionPaper.Attheendofthetest,youwillbegiventhreeminutestotransferyouranswerstoanAnswerSheet.Donotremovethisbookletfromtheexaminationroom.ThistestincludesTHREEparts:Listening(45minutes),Reading(60minutes)andWriting(60minutes).LISTENINGSECTION1Questions1-10Questions1-8Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Five-StarCaterersCustomerBookingFormMr1Mr1ExampleEvent；Customername：Daytimetelephonenumber:lelephonenumberafter5pm：NumberofgucstsrDate:SeatingShape：SizetNumberoftables:j=__Questions9and10Choosethecorrectletter,扎BorC.ThfmandecidestobookAathree-coursemealBabuffet,Cabtinquct.ThemanwillhavetopayA￡750tomorrow.B￡100perhead.C￡1,500onthedayoftheparty.

SECTION2Questions11-20Questions11-17Accordingtothespeakerwhendidthefollowinghappen?Writethecorrectletter扎BorGnexttoQuestions11-17.Abefore1837Bbetween1837and19()()Cafter1900Th亡EastFrontwasaddedtothebuiIding.Thelastbigstructuralchangewasmade.Thebuildingwasbombed,ThebuildingbecameapalacerThebuildingw^sknownasTheQueersHouse.ThfHousesofParliamentweredesU'oyedbyfire,TheMarbleArchwasmoved.Questions18-20CompletethesentencesbelowWriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.】8Up(cpeopleattendgardenpartiesatthepalaceeachyear.speciesofwildflower._speciesofwildflower._inAugustThepubliccanvisitthenineteenorSeptember.SECTION3Questions21-30Questions21-24Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Whataspectofhistoryisitimportanttolearnsomethingfrom?Whatdowealsoneedtoknowaboutaurancestors?Wh^rearetransferableskillsuseful?Whatkindofapproachtolearningdoessocialscienceuse?Questions25-30Whatissaidabouteachofthesesubjectsstudiedonasocialstudiescourse?ChooseyouranswersfromtheboxandwritethelettersA-HnexttoQuestions25-30.AThiswillfocusonhoweachgenerationlearnsaboutitsownculture.BThisnecessarilyincltidesastudyofphysicsandchemiscry.CThisisstudiedfromthepointofviewofhumanbehaviour.DThiswillonlybecoveredintermsofitstheory,EThisakocoversthedistributionofwealth.FThisincludesthestudyofarchaeology.GThishasreceivedcriticismfornotbeingscientificenoughsHThisincludessomeworkonurbanplanning.AnthropologyEconomicsEducationGeographyLawSociologynik!socialworkSECTION4Questions31-40\Questions31-37ChoosethecorrectletterhA,BorC.Studentsshouldcompletetheir啣odtonthe1950sAiftheywanttobeaMowedtocontinueattendinglecturer.Bbecausetheywillappreciatetheinformationaboutthe1960smore.Cotherwisetheyfacethepossibilityoftwingfailedfortheircoursework.Accordingtothelecturer,the"babyboom1happenedAbecauseofrelaxedattitudesinthesixties.BdunngatimeofwarCbecausepeoplefeltmoresecure.Inthesixties,theUSAhad7QmillionAteenagers,Bbabies*Cadults.Accordingtothelecturer,comparedtothe195€stthe1960sv/ereAlessconservative.Bmoreconservative.Cjustasconservative.Accordingtothelecturer,literaturechangedthewaywomenAover40weretreatedbysociety.Bviewedissuesofraceinsociety,Cfeltabouttheirrolesinsociety.TherateofcrimeinthesixtiesAroseninepercentduringthedecade.Bwasninetimeshigherthaninthefifties.Cwasninetimeslowerthaninthefifties.Whathappened,atthestartofthe1960s?AthefirsthearttransplantBtheintrodu匚tionoftheinternetCtheinventionoflasersQuestions38-40Completethesummarybelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.JnOctober,1962tUSPresidentKennedymetadvisersto由scuss_whichprovedthattheCubanswereinstallingnuclearmissiles>presumablytouseagainsttheUS.Kennedywasfacedwiththreechoices;totrytoresolvethecrisisdiplomatically；toblockthedeliverycffurtherweaponsintoCuba;ortoattackCuba.Kennedychose39option,whichpreventedthebuild-upofmoremissUesandledtothewithdrawaloftheexistingones.Mostareagreedthata40wasnarrowlyavoidedbyKennedy'sdecision.READINGREADINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassageIbelow.HowMobileTelephonyTurnedintoaHealthScareThetechnologywhichenabledmobilephoneswaspreviouslyusedinthekindoftwo-wayradiowhichcouldbefoundintaxisandemergencyvehicles.Althoughthiswasagreatdevelopmentitwasnotreallyconsideredmobiletelephonybecauseitcouldnotbeusedtodialintoexistingphonenetworks.Itwasknownassimplextechnology,operatingonthesameprinciples35awalkie-talkie,whichrequiredthatauserpressabutton,meaningthatonlyonepersonatatimecouldtalk.Simplexmeantthattherewasonlyonecommunicationfrequencyinuseatanyonetime.Thefirstmobilephonestoconnecttotelephonenetworkswereofteninstalledincarsbeforethehand-heldversioncameonthemarketsndtherevolutioninmobiletechnologybegan.Thefirstgenerationofmobilephones(called1G)werelarge,heavyandmnalogue^nditwasnextuntiltheinventionoflhesecondgeneration(2G)inthe1990sthatdigitalnetworkscouldbeused.Thedigitaleiementenabledfastersignalling.Atthesametime,developmentsinbatterydesignandenergy-savingelectronicsallowedthephonesthemselvestobecomesmallerandthereforemoretrulymobile.Thesecondgenerationallowedfortextmessagingtoo,andthisbeganwiththefirstperson-topersontextmessageinFinlandin1993,althoughamachine-generatedtextmessagehadbeensuccessfullysenttwoyearsearlier.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutthedevelopmentofduplextechnofogytoreplacetherelativelyprimitivesimplextechnologyofthefirstphaseofmobilecommunication.Induplextechnology,therearetwofrequenciesavailablesimultaneousEy,The^etwofrequenciescanbeobtainedbytheprincipleofFrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD).Tosendtwosignalswirelessly,itisnecessarytocreateapairedspectrum,whereonebandcarriestheuplink(fromphonetoantenna)andtheothercarriesthedownlink(fromantennatophoneLTimeDivisionDuplex(TDD)canachievethesamething,butinsteadofsplittingthefrequency,theuplinkenddownlinkareswitchedveryrapidly,givingtheimpressionthatonefrequencyisused.Forrnablletelephonytoworktoibfullestpotentialitneedstohaveanetworkthroughwhichittmnrelaysignals.Thisnetworkdepenchonba並stationswhichsendandreceivethesignals.Thebasestationstendtobesimpleconstructions；ormasts,ontopofwhicharemountedtheantennas.Withtherapidincreaseindemandformobileservice^theinfrastructureofantmrin劭intheUnitedKingdomisnowhuge.Manythousandsofreportshaveappearedclaimingthatthesignalsrelayedbytheseantennasareharmfultohumanandanimalhealth,Theclaimsfocusonthefactthattheantenaretransnnittingradiowavesinmicrowaveform.Insomeways,publicdemandisresponsiblefortheincreaseintheallegedthreattohealth.Untilquiterecently,voiceandtextmessagesweretransmittedusing2Gtechnology,A2Gmastcansendalow-frequencymicrowavesignalapproximately35kilometres.Thirdgeneration(3G)technologyallowsuserstowirelesslydownloadinformationfromtheinternetandisextremelypopular.Thedifferenceisthat3Gtechnologyuses己higherfrequencytocarrythesignals,allowrngmaststoee讓moreradiation.ThisproblemisintensifiedbytheneedtohavemastsirtcioserproximitytoeachotherandtothehandsetsthemIves.Whateverdangertherew/in2G5tgnalsisgreatlynuiltipliedbythefactthatthe3Gmastsarephysicallymuchdosertopeople.Governmentauthoritieshavesofarrefusedtoacceptthatthereisadangertopublichealth,andtestscarriedoutbygovernmentsandtelecommunicationscompanlw$havebeenrestrictedtotestingtoseeifheatisbeingproducedfromthesemicrowaves.Accordingtornanyjhowever,theproblemKnoth亡butelectromagneticwhicharefoundnearthemasts.Itisbelievedthatsomepeople,thoughnotall；haveaconditionknownaselectrosensitivityoreIectrq-hypersensitivity(EHSLmeaningthattheelectrvmagnettsnrrmakesthemillinsomeway.The自匚tualhealththreatfromthesepulsedinicrawavesignalsis3門areawhichgreatlyneedsmoreresearch.Ithasbeenchinnedthatthesignalseffectalllivingorganisms,includingplantsatacellularlevelandcausesymptomsinpeoplerangingfrom^rednessandheadachestocancer.Ofparticularconcern凸theeffectthatincreasedelectromagneticfieldsnnayhaveonchildrenandthefearisthatrhenegativeeffectsontheirhealthmaynotmanifesttherriielv&$untiltheyhavahadmanyyearsofcontinuedexposuretohightevels.Testscarriedoutonanimalslivingdosetothisformofradiationareparticularlyusefulbecausescientistscanruleoutthepsychologicaleffectthathumansmigfitbeexhibitingduetotheirfearofpossiblecontamination.Ofcourse,thedangerofexposureexistswhenusingamobilephonebutsincewedothisforlimitedperiods,betweenwhichit15believedourbodiescanretaver;itisnotcansideredasseriousastheeffectoflivingorworkingnear耳mast($ometime$mountedontheverybuildingweoccupy)whichistransmittingelectromagneticwaves24hoursaday.Questions1-6Answerthequestioiisb^iow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswerWhatwereearlyIwo-wayradiosunabletouse?WhatdidyouhavetodoinordertotalkonaradLuusingsimplextechnology?Wherewereearlymobilephonesgenerallyused?Whatdevelopmentintroduceddig辻altechnologyintomobiletelephony?Apartfromtheareaofe!ectronicshinwhichareadiddevelopmentshelpmakephonesmoremobile?Whattyp亡oftextmessagewasthefirstoneeversent?Questions7-10Completethediagram.Choo號NOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.FrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD):twosignalssent7Questions11-13ChoosethecorrectletterjA>B,CorD.3GteclinologyisbelievedtobemoreofathreattohealthbecauseAthesignalsaretransmittedovermuchgreaterdistancesthanbefore.BthemastsarecloserTogetherandemithigherfrequencies,Cthesignalsarecarryingbothvoiceandtextmessages.Dthemodernhandsetsneededemitmoreradiation.Whymightthetestingofanimalsgivensmorereliableresults?AbecausemostofthemlivedosertothemastsBbecausetheyarecontinuallyexposedtohigherlevielsofradiationCbecausetheyarenotaffectedatacelluhrlevelDbecausetheyarenotafraidoftheeffectsofradiationWhatisbelievedtolimitthedangerfrommobilephones?AnotusingthemcontinuouMyBturningthemoffwhennotinuseCtnoutilingamastonthebuildingwh^reyouliveorworkDkeepingh亡althyandgettingenoughsleepREADINGPASSAGE2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14一26,whicharcbasedonReadingPassage2below.SomeFactsandTheoriesaboutFluTheflu,moreproperlyknownasinflu@n2artakesitsnamefromthefactthatitis50easilytransmittedfrompersontoperson(influenzaistheImlianwordfor'influence>Usualfyrcontaminationoccursthroughdirectcontactwithsecretionsfrom耳ninfectedperson,Itsspreadisalsopossiblefromcontarniriatedairbornepartides,suchasthosethatoccurwhensoiriAonecoughsorsneezes.However,itshouldb&madeclearthattherisk祐notgreatfromsimplybeinginth吏sameroom日saninfectedperson,sincethefluvirus,unlikeotherrespiratoryviruses^doesnotdissolveinthedir.Within4-6hoursofsomeonecatchingtheflu,thevirusmultipliesininfectedcellsandtheceBsburstspreadingthevirus10othercellsnearby^Thespreadcontinuesforup【072hours,theexactlengthoftimedependingonthebody'sinnmunesystemresponseandthestrengthoftheparticularstrainofflu.TherangeofhumanresponsesIQThefluvirushasbeenofinterestTostientistiformanyyears.ThiSisbecauseth已effectcanvaryfromnoinfectiontoarapidanddeadlyspreadofthevirustomanypeople.OneareaofstudythathasreceivedparticularattentionisTheimmunesystpmresponseoftheindividuaLWhereapersonsimmjnes/stemisheathy,thevirusisattacked自sit色nte序thebody,usuallyintherespiratorytract.Thislessen$theseverityoftheillness^Incontrastrpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems(typicalintheyoung,whereitisnotFullydevelopedrorintheoldandthesickrwhereitisnotworkingefficientty),oftensuffertheworsteffects.Oneofthebody"5responsestofluisthecreationofantibodieswhichrecognbeanddestroythatparticularstrainoffluvirus.WhatfascinatesmostresearchersInthefieldIsthatthehumanbodyseemscapableofstoringtheseantibodiesoverawholelifetimeincaseoffutureattackfromthesameorsimilarstrainsofflu,ItwaswhileresearchingtheseantibodiesthatscientiststurnedTheirattentionbacktowhatwaspossiblytheworstev^rflupandennkintheworid.Theactualnumberofdeathsi&disputed,buttheoutbreakin191Bkilledbetween20and50millionpeople.Itisalsoestimatedthatonefifthofthepopulationoftheworldmayhavebeeninfected.ThroughtestsdoneonsomeofThesurvivorsofthe1918outbreak,itwasdiscoveredthat90yearslaterrtheystillpossessedtheantibodiestothatstrainofflu,and5omeofthemwereactualtystHIproducingtheantibodies.WorkisnowfoeusedonwhythesepeoplesurvivedinChefirstplaceswithoretheor/beingthattheyhadactuaHybeenexposedroanearliersimilarstrain,thereforedevelopingimmunitytothe1918strainJtishopedthat,inthenearfuture,wemightbeab^toisolateth皀日ntibodies己ndusethemtovaccinatepeopleagainstfurtheroutbreaks^Yetvaccinationagainstthefluisanimprecisemeasure.Atbestthevaccineprotectsusfromthevariationsoffluthatdoctorsexpectthatyear.!ftheirpredictionsarewronginanyparticularyear,beingvaccinatedwillnotpreventusfrcunhecominginfected*ThisisfurthercotnpiicaTedbyth已fmctThmttherearetwomaintypesofflu,knownasinfluenzaA自ndinfluenzaB,InfluenzaBcauseslassconcernasitseffectsareusuallylessserious,Iflfluenza扎however,has(hepowertochangeit;geneticmake-up.Althoughthesegeneticchangearerare,theycreateentirelynewstrainsoffluagainstwhtchwehavenoprotect!Qn?Ithasbeensuggestedthatthisiswhathadhappenedimmediatelypriortothe1918outbreak,withresearchindicatingthatageneticshifthadtakenpiaceinChina.Iri2005,anothergeneticshiftiinaninfluenzaAviruswasrecorded,givingrisetotheH5N1strain,otherwiseknownasavianflu,orbkdflu.TypicalofsuchnewstrainsTwehavenowayoffightingitandmanypeoplewhoareinfectedwithitdFe.Perhapsmoreworryingisthatit討astrainonlypreviouslyfoundinbirdsbutwhichchangeditsgeneticmake-upinawaythatallowedittobetransmittedtohumans.Mostofthefe^rsurroundingthhvirusisThatitwillchangeagain,developingtheabilitytopa^fromhum^ntohuman.iFthstchangedoeshappen,scfentistsanddoctorscanreasonablyexpectadeathratecomparabletothatwhichoccurredin191Sand,giventhatwecannowtravelmorequickEyandmoreeasilybetweencountries^infectingmanymorepeoplethanvwa$previouslypossible,itcouldbsseveraltimesworse*Questions14-20Dotheto]lowingstnlemcnhagreewiththeinformatioTigivenin.ReadingPassage2?WritetrueifthestatementagreeswithlheinformatianfalseifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTgiveniftheieisnoinformaiiononthisTheonlywaytocatchfluisIfsomeanecoughsorsneezesnearyou.Voubecomeawareofthesympromsoffluwithin4-6hoursofinletLion.Theeflectofafluinfectioncandependoilhowstrongthestrainis.rrhohewhoaremorelikelytosufferbadlywiththefluincludeveryyoungorveryoldpeople.lfiAlthoughaniibodiej;lastaljfcliniehscientistshavefburicitheyge!weakerwithage.Vaccinationislargelyineffectiveagainstflu.Anotherthaiigeinthepoeticmake-upofthe1I5N1straincouldkillmorepeoplethanthe1918cpidenik.Questions21-24ClassifythefollowingstatementsascharacterisingAsomethingknownbyscientiststobetrueBsomethingbelievedbyscientiststobetrueCsomethingknownbyscientiststobefalseWritelhecorrectletter,A,BorUSharingaroomwithaflusuffererpresentsaveryhighrisktoyourhealth.Onefifthofthepeopleintheworldcaughttheflum1918.InfluenzaAvirusesdonotchangetheirgeneticmake-upfrequently.TheH5N1strainevolvedinarbefore2005.Questions25and26Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Inwhichpartofthebodydoantibodiesnormallyattackthefluvirus?2tiWhatkindoftransmissionoftheH5N1strainarepeopleafraidmightbecomereality?READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3helow.ChangesinInternationalCommerceHowethicsandfairtradecanmakeadifferenceThepurposeofinternationalcommerceistobuythingsfromandsellthingstopeopleinothercountries^Hundreds,andindeedthousandsHofyearsago,thisactuaflyworkedqui論well.Peopfewhotravelledtoforeignhnds,oftenbyship,wouldtakewiththemitemsfortrade.Agriculturalcountrieswould,forexamplertradeoliveoilcrwjneforweaponsorotherworkediwrms”Ailthatneededtobenegotiatedwasa'price*fortheitems.(Howmanyaxeshabarrelofoilworth,forexample?)Currencydidnotenterintothefirstdealsbut,evertwhpnitdidHfewproblemsexistedtocomplicatemattersbarringdisagreementsoverthevalueofgoods.Today,fixingaFabprreeremainsatthecentreofinternationalcommerce.Whenwelookatthedealfremnthepointofviewoftheseller,marketresearchmustdeterminethepriceatwhichthegoodswillbesold.Thismayvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountryandpeopleareoftensurprisedtoseeexactlythesam^itemforsaleattwoorthreetimesthepriceit$eihforfcianothercountry.Taxationandlocalgovernmentcontrolsaresometinnesbehindthis,butoftenitcornerdowntothefactthatpeopleinpoorcountriessimplycannotaffordtopaythesameamountofmoneyasthoseinrkhcountries.Thesearcthethingsasellerhastobearinmindwhenpreparingapricehstforgoodsinaachcountry.Inrrfositcases,thepurposeofsettingasortablepriceistosellthemaximurnnumberofunits.Usui日11%thisisthewaytoguaranteethebiggestprofitOneexceptionisinthe鋌【lingofluxuryorspecialistgoods.TheseareoftengoodsforwhichThereisalimitedmarket.Herefslightlydifferentrulesapplybecausetheprofitmargin{theamountofmoneyaproducermakesoneachitem)15muchhigher.FortnstancernearlyeveryonewantstoownateJevrsion□ramobilephone,andtherei$alotofcompetitionintheareaofprodu<Uoaforcingthepricestobecompetrtiuetoo.Theproducershavetosellal^rgenumberofitemstomakeaprofitbecausetheirprofitmarginissmall.Butnoteveryonewantstobuyhand-madejewebery,oramachinefor5tkkinglabeEsontobottles.ThisenablestheproducertochargeapFicamuchhigherthanthecostofmakingtheitemjnereasingtheprofitmargin.Butattheheartofanysal巳whethertheysellmanyitemsforasmaHprofit,orafewitemsfoealargeprofittheprimemotivationfortheproduceristomakeasmuchprofitaspossibleAtleast,thatwasthecaseuntilrelativelyrecentlywhen,tothegreatsurpriseofmany,companiesstartedtradingwithoutprofit&stheirmainobjective.Ethicaltradebeganassnattempttocauseaslittledamageaspossjbletotheproducersofrawmaterialsandmanufacturedgoodsinpoorcountries.Thismoverrentputpressureontheindustrytoseetoitthatworkingcartdrtiofisandhumanrightswerenetdamagedbytheneedforpoorerpeopletoproducegoods.Inshort,itdrewtotheworld'sattentionthefactthatmanypoorpeoplewerebeingexploitedbybigbusinessesintheirdrivetomakemoreprofitTherehavebeenmanyexamplesthroughoutthedevelopingworldwherelowlproducerswereforcedbyeconomicpressuretosupplycashcropssuch目5tea,匸offe亡anticottontomajorindustries.Thesep色opl總arefrequentlynotinapositiontofixtheirprices,3ndareoftenforcedbymarketcondttionstosellforapricetoolawta$upporttheproducersandtheircommdnity.Worsestillrwhiletheagriculturojlandisgivenovertocashcrops,itrobsthelocaipeopleoftheabilitytogrowtheirownfood,Intime,throughover-preducticrrthehndbecomesspentandinfertile,leadingtopovertystarvation,andsometiwsthedestructionofthewhokcommunity.Fairtradepoliciesdifferfronnethicaltradepoliciesinthattheytaketheprocessastagefurther.Whereethicalpoliciesaredesignedtokeepthedamagetoaminimtim,fairtradeorganisationsaauallyworktoimproveconditionsamongproducersandtheircommunities.Fairtradeorganisationsviewsustainabilityasakeyaim.Thisinvolvesimplementingpolicieswhereproducersaregivenafairpriceforthegoudstheysell,sothatthey自n(jtheircommLinitiescancontinuetooperate.Althoughmonybigbusinessesarecynicalaboutanoperationthatdoesnotregardprofitasamaindrivingfarce,theparadox討thatitwillh柱Ipthemtoo.Withsustainabilitytheirmainaim,fairtradeorgsntsationsnotonlyhelpthepoorerproducersobTamareasonablestandardoflining.,buttheyalsohelpguaranteeaconstantsupplyofrawmatmr請汛Thisformofsustainabilitybenefitseveryone,whethertheirmotiveismakingaprofitariTprovingthelivesoftheworld'spoorerpeople.Questions27-31ClassitythefaliowingasbeingaresultofAfairtradepoliciesBethicaltradepoliciesCacountrybeingpoorWritethecorrectletter,AtBorC.Manufecturedgoodsareobtainableat2lowerpricethanelsewhere.Harmtoproducersofrawmaterialsisminimised.Humanrightsarerespected.Land招notusedtoproducefondforthelocalpopulation,