商務(wù)合同翻譯技巧課件

漢英翻譯教程華橋外國(guó)語學(xué)院應(yīng)用英語學(xué)院漢英翻譯教程華橋外國(guó)語學(xué)院1商務(wù)合同翻譯商務(wù)合同翻譯2

I.商務(wù)合同的種類按格式繁簡(jiǎn)的不同，分為正式合同Contract協(xié)議書Agreement確議書Confirmation備忘錄Memorandum意向書LetterofintentI.商務(wù)合同的種類按格式繁簡(jiǎn)的不同，分為3中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當(dāng)事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所，然后是合同正文，結(jié)尾是當(dāng)事人印章、授權(quán)代表簽字、職務(wù)及日期。英文合同一般以下面這類句式開頭：ThisCONTRACTismadethis_______dayof_________in(placeofsignature)byandbetween

(nameofoneparty),acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)withitsdomicileat(address)

(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and(nameoftheotherparty)acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)

withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafter,referredtoasPartyB).II

商務(wù)合同的結(jié)構(gòu)中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當(dāng)事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所，4

然后是

WHEREAS……THEREFORE….Itisherebyagreedasfollows或WITNESSETH,WHEREAS….NOWTHEREFORE,forandinconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementscontainedherein,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows.接著是正文最后是證明部分：

INWITNESSWHEREOF，thepartiesheretohavehereuntosettheirhandsthedayandyearsfirstabovewritten.（雙方于文首日期簽署本協(xié)議，特此為證）隨后還包括當(dāng)事人和見證人的簽字。然后是51.合同名稱(Title)如SalesContract,TechnologyTransferAgreement,SharePurchaseAgreement2.前文（前言）(Preamble)1)Date&placeofsigning2)Signingparties,nationalitiesandprincipalplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddress3)Eachparty’sauthority(當(dāng)事人的合法依據(jù)）

如：acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof…..

商務(wù)合同的具體構(gòu)成部分1.合同名稱(Title)商務(wù)合同的具體構(gòu)成部分64)RecitalsorWHEREASclause(定約緣由）

WHEREAS,Sellerisengagedindealingof(product)anddesirestosell(product)toBuyer,WHEREAS,Buyerdesirestopurchase(product)fromSellers,Now,THEREFORE,itisagreedasfollows:

WhereasPartyAiswillingtoemployPartyBandPartyBagreestodoasPartyA’sengineerinBeijing,itisherebyagreesasfollows.

鑒于甲方愿聘請(qǐng)乙方,乙方同意應(yīng)聘為甲方在北京的工程師,雙方協(xié)議如下:Inconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementhereincontained,thepartiesagreeasfollows.

雙方考慮到在此提出的契約和協(xié)議,同意如下條款.4)RecitalsorWHEREASc73.正文（Body)定義條款（Definitionclause)基本條款（Basicconditions)一般條款（Generaltermsandconditions)合同有效期限（Duration)終止(Termination)不可抗力（ForceMajeure)合同的讓與（Assignment)仲裁（Arbitration)適用法律（Governinglaw)訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)通知手續(xù)（Notice)合同的修改（Amendment)其他（Others)3.正文（Body)84.結(jié)尾條款（Witnessclause)結(jié)尾語包括合同的分?jǐn)?shù)、使用的文字和效力等（Concludingsentence)，有時(shí)還包括對(duì)合同進(jìn)行修改或補(bǔ)充的內(nèi)容和附件。簽名（Signature)蓋印（Seal)4.結(jié)尾條款（Witnessclause)9III合同翻譯原則

準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

首先是用詞的準(zhǔn)確性。如：Shippingadvice和shippinginstruction表面上差不多，但前者是“裝運(yùn)通知”，后者是“裝運(yùn)指示”。符合規(guī)范

譯文必須要體現(xiàn)法律語言的特點(diǎn)和契約文體的特點(diǎn)。（略）III合同翻譯原則準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)101

多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&professional）

試比較下列用詞terminate,stopcommence,beginbedeemedto,beregardedasinlieuof,inplaceofpriorto,beforewhatsoever,whatevercommencement,start/begin；ceasetodo，stoptodo；

IV.英文合同的語言特色1多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&p11byvirtueof/duetobecauseof；atthecloseofthefiscalyear，intheendofthefiscalyear；asregards/concerning,relatingto，about；ineffect，infact；Themeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbysb.hold或call，convene；；miscellaneous,othermatters/events；construeacontract,comprehendacontract，understandacontract;deem，consider，think/believe；byvirtueof/dueto121）AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.應(yīng)乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術(shù)員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備(help)2）PartyAshallrepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassagetoBeijing.甲方應(yīng)將病人遣返中國(guó)，負(fù)責(zé)病人回到北京的旅費(fèi)。（sendback)3)Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyexecutedbythepartieshereto.“生效日”的意思是指本協(xié)議經(jīng)訂約雙方簽字的日子。（signed）1）AttherequestofPartyB,13注意合同本身的法律術(shù)語詞匯和一般用語的區(qū)別：examples一般文本含義法律文本含義Action行動(dòng)措施或訴訟Limitation限制時(shí)效Prejudice偏見損害Royalties皇室、王權(quán)特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)；版稅Negligence疏忽過失Avoidance逃避宣告無效Satisfaction滿意清償、補(bǔ)償grace優(yōu)雅寬限期注意合同本身的法律術(shù)語詞匯和一般用語的區(qū)別：examples142用語力求準(zhǔn)確、明白、嚴(yán)密

PartyAshallsendtechnicians

atPartyB’sexpense

totrainParty

B’spersonnel

within

30daysaftersigningtheContract.

甲方應(yīng)于簽約后三十天內(nèi)派遣技術(shù)員培訓(xùn)乙方的人員，有關(guān)費(fèi)用由乙方承擔(dān)。

ThisContractcanonlybe

altered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedby

authorizedrepresentatives

ofbothparties.

本合同的變更、修改和補(bǔ)充應(yīng)按雙方授權(quán)代表簽名蓋章的文件，才能進(jìn)行。2用語力求準(zhǔn)確、明白、嚴(yán)密153多使用老式詞匯

把here,there,where加后綴(after,by,in,of,on,to,under,upon,orwithafterhere,there,orwhere)

hereafter＝afterthistime;inthefuture今后

hereby＝bymeansof茲herein＝inthis此中，于此hereinafter＝laterinthiscontract

hereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthiscontract

hereof＝ofthis

hereto＝tothis

herebefore＝untilnow

hereunder＝underthis

hereupon＝atthispoint;inconsequenceofthis

herewith＝withthis

3多使用老式詞匯16thereafter＝afterwards

thereby＝bythatmeans;inthatconnection

therefrom＝fromthat

therein＝inthat;inthatparticular

thereinafter＝laterinthesamecontract

thereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthesamecontract

thereon＝onthat

thereof＝ofthat;fromthatsource

thereto＝tothat

thereunder=underthat

thereupon＝then;astheresultofthat

therewith＝withthatorit

whereas=consideringthat;but鑒于whereby=bywhat;bywhich

wherein=inwhat;inwhich

whereof=ofwhat;ofwhich

whereon=onwhat;onwhich關(guān)于那，在其上

thereafter＝afterwards

thereby17Inconfirmationhereofweattachabankstatement.

為作這方面的確認(rèn)我們附上銀行結(jié)單。ThecorrespondenceattachedheretoformpartoftheContract.

合同文件以及其來往文件均應(yīng)被視為本合同的一部份。AlloftheobligationsoftheGuarantorhereundershallbejointandseveral.擔(dān)保人在本擔(dān)保書項(xiàng)下承擔(dān)的所有義務(wù)均應(yīng)是連帶的。Lossescausedasaresultthereofshallbebornebytheviolator.由此而造成的損失，由違反者承擔(dān)。（belongingtothat）Inconcludingacontract,thepartiestheretoshallimplementtheprincipleofgoodfaith.

（tothat）當(dāng)事人訂立合同，應(yīng)執(zhí)行誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則。Inwitnesswhereof,Isetmyhand.

我作為證人簽字。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.

下述簽署人同意在中國(guó)制造新產(chǎn)品，其品牌以此為合適。Inconfirmationhereofweatta184

多用并列的同義詞anyandall全部termsandconditions條件nullandvoid無效freeandclearof無costandexpenses各種費(fèi)用rightsandinterests權(quán)益ableandwilling能夠并愿意covenantsandagreements合同、協(xié)議anyduties,obligationsorliabilities所有責(zé)任applicablelaws,regulations,decrees,directives,andrules適用法律法規(guī)4多用并列的同義詞19ThisAgreement

madeandenteredinto

byandbetweenABCCo.andXYZCo.ABC公司和XYZ公司雙方簽訂本協(xié)議。Alldocuments,letters,telegramsandtelexesinterchangedbetweenbothpartiesbeforethesigningoftheContractshallbecomenullandvoid

automaticallyfromthedateonwhichthe

Contractcomesintoforce.雙方在簽約前交換的所有文件、書信、電報(bào)和電傳，應(yīng)從本合同生效之日開始自動(dòng)失效。ThepartieshaveagreedtovarytheManagement

onthetermsandsubjecttotheconditions

containedherein.(都表示“依照本協(xié)議的條款規(guī)定”。)ThisAgreementmadeandentere205多用拉丁詞(loanwords)比例稅率：用proratetaxrate（要比proportionaltaxrate多）從事慈善性服務(wù)的律師：probonolawyer，（不怎么用lawyerengagedincharitablelegalassistance）委托代理人：agentadlitem。善意bonafide（goodfaith）反之亦然viceversa單方的exparte（fromoneside）不可抗力forcemajeure代替inlieuof(insteadof)事實(shí)上defacto不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的證明alibi按比例的prorata5多用拉丁詞(loanwords)216多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall,should,may,will在合同中用這些詞時(shí)要極其謹(jǐn)慎。權(quán)利義務(wù)的約見定部分構(gòu)成了合同的主體，這幾個(gè)詞如選用不當(dāng)，可能會(huì)引起糾紛。Shall約定當(dāng)事人的義務(wù)（應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么時(shí)候），英語法律條文中，表示強(qiáng)制性的“必須”的語義時(shí)，要用shall，而不是should.may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）must用于強(qiáng)制性義務(wù)（必須做什么）.maynot(或shallnot)用于禁止性義務(wù)（不得做什么）。6多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall,should,may,w22Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeople'sCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuchdisputeoccurs.雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商，解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議。如果協(xié)商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成協(xié)議的，可將爭(zhēng)議提交有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。ItisherebyagreedthatPartyBshallhavenoobligationtopayforthecostsofsuchtraining,otherthantopayfortheirtravelingexpensestoandfromUSAandtheirsalaries.雙方特此協(xié)議,乙方除支付受訓(xùn)人員赴美國(guó)的往返旅費(fèi)及其薪金外，不負(fù)擔(dān)此類培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用.Thepartiesheretoshall,firs237經(jīng)常用一些特殊的表達(dá)方式一些在普通英語中很少出現(xiàn)的連詞經(jīng)常在合同中出現(xiàn)。如:

Notwithstanding,providedthat,subjectto,forthepurposeof,inrespectof,inrespectthereof,intheeventof,intheeventthat,includingbutnotlimitedto,unlessanduntil,ifandonlyif,unlessotherwise,whereinthecase,untilotherwise,otherwiseor,beliableto,inTestimonywhereof,inWitnesswhereof7經(jīng)常用一些特殊的表達(dá)方式24Theworksshallbemeasured,notwithstandinganygeneralorlocalcustom,exceptwhereotherwisespecificallydescribedorprescribedintheContract.除合同另有規(guī)定外，即使有一般或當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)慣，工程也應(yīng)當(dāng)被計(jì)算。InstructiongivenbytheEngineershallbeinwriting,providedthatifforanyreasontheEngineerconsideritnecessarytogiveanysuchinstruction.若工程師認(rèn)為由于某種原因有必要發(fā)出任何指示，工程師應(yīng)以書面形式發(fā)出此類指示。SubjecttotheClause17,novariationinormodificationofthetermstotheContractshallbemadeexceptbywrittenamendmentsignedbytheparties.根據(jù)第17條規(guī)定，合同的任何變更或修改，必須以雙方簽訂的修改文本為準(zhǔn)。Theworksshallbemeasured,n25合同英語句法特點(diǎn)：

結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句式較長(zhǎng)，從句等附加成分多，但位置明顯，對(duì)主句意義進(jìn)行解釋、限制和補(bǔ)充。主要是為了體現(xiàn)莊嚴(yán)，另外為了避免歧義和引發(fā)爭(zhēng)端。

例如：貨物抵達(dá)目的港15天內(nèi)，買方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗(yàn)員出示的檢驗(yàn)證明向賣方提出短重索賠。TheBuyersmay，within15daysafterarrivalofthegoodsatthedestination，lodgeaclaimagainstthesellersforshort-weightbeingsupportedbyInspectionCertificateissuedbyareputablepublicsurveyor.

合同英語句法特點(diǎn)：26買方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內(nèi)通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為受益人的不可撤銷信用證支付全部貨款計(jì)30000美元。Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract，theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstotheSellerbyopeninganirrevocableL/CforthefullamountofUSD30，000infavoroftheSellerthroughabankatexportport.

買方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內(nèi)通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為27買方須于中國(guó)銀行收到賣方下列單據(jù)，并經(jīng)審核證實(shí)無誤后的20天內(nèi)向賣方支付350000美元，但此款項(xiàng)的支付不得早于合同工廠第一次達(dá)到附件Ⅵ所規(guī)定之質(zhì)量保證指標(biāo)的95%以后的12個(gè)月，或本合同簽字后的65個(gè)月，以早到的日期為準(zhǔn)。TheBuyershallpaytheSellerUS350，000within20daysaftertheBankofChinahasreceivedthefollowingdocumentsfromtheSellerandfoundtheminorder，butnotearlierthan12(twelve)monthsafterthedatetheContractPlantforthefirsttimereached95%ofguaranteedcapacityofthewholeContractPlantaccordingtotheguaranteedqualityindicesasperAnnexVItotheContractor65monthsafterthedateofsigningthecontract，whicheverisearlier.

買方須于中國(guó)銀行收到賣方下列單據(jù)，并經(jīng)審核證實(shí)無誤后的20天28注意前后照應(yīng)，對(duì)一些漢語詞要正確理解。合營(yíng)企業(yè)各方可以現(xiàn)金、實(shí)物、工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)等進(jìn)行投資。Eachpartytoajointventuremaymakeitsinvestmentincash,inkindorinindustrialpropertyrights,etc.外國(guó)合營(yíng)者作為投資的技術(shù)和設(shè)備，必須確實(shí)是適合我國(guó)需要的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和設(shè)備。Thetechnologyand/or?equipmentcontributedbyanyforeignparticipantasinvestmentshallbetrulyadvancedandappropriatetoChina'sneeds.注意前后照應(yīng)，對(duì)一些漢語詞要正確理解。29ThankYou！ThankYou！30漢英翻譯教程華橋外國(guó)語學(xué)院應(yīng)用英語學(xué)院漢英翻譯教程華橋外國(guó)語學(xué)院31商務(wù)合同翻譯商務(wù)合同翻譯32

I.商務(wù)合同的種類按格式繁簡(jiǎn)的不同，分為正式合同Contract協(xié)議書Agreement確議書Confirmation備忘錄Memorandum意向書LetterofintentI.商務(wù)合同的種類按格式繁簡(jiǎn)的不同，分為33中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當(dāng)事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所，然后是合同正文，結(jié)尾是當(dāng)事人印章、授權(quán)代表簽字、職務(wù)及日期。英文合同一般以下面這類句式開頭：ThisCONTRACTismadethis_______dayof_________in(placeofsignature)byandbetween

(nameofoneparty),acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)withitsdomicileat(address)

(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and(nameoftheotherparty)acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)

withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafter,referredtoasPartyB).II

商務(wù)合同的結(jié)構(gòu)中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當(dāng)事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所，34

然后是

WHEREAS……THEREFORE….Itisherebyagreedasfollows或WITNESSETH,WHEREAS….NOWTHEREFORE,forandinconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementscontainedherein,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows.接著是正文最后是證明部分：

INWITNESSWHEREOF，thepartiesheretohavehereuntosettheirhandsthedayandyearsfirstabovewritten.（雙方于文首日期簽署本協(xié)議，特此為證）隨后還包括當(dāng)事人和見證人的簽字。然后是351.合同名稱(Title)如SalesContract,TechnologyTransferAgreement,SharePurchaseAgreement2.前文（前言）(Preamble)1)Date&placeofsigning2)Signingparties,nationalitiesandprincipalplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddress3)Eachparty’sauthority(當(dāng)事人的合法依據(jù)）

如：acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof…..

商務(wù)合同的具體構(gòu)成部分1.合同名稱(Title)商務(wù)合同的具體構(gòu)成部分364)RecitalsorWHEREASclause(定約緣由）

WHEREAS,Sellerisengagedindealingof(product)anddesirestosell(product)toBuyer,WHEREAS,Buyerdesirestopurchase(product)fromSellers,Now,THEREFORE,itisagreedasfollows:

WhereasPartyAiswillingtoemployPartyBandPartyBagreestodoasPartyA’sengineerinBeijing,itisherebyagreesasfollows.

鑒于甲方愿聘請(qǐng)乙方,乙方同意應(yīng)聘為甲方在北京的工程師,雙方協(xié)議如下:Inconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementhereincontained,thepartiesagreeasfollows.

雙方考慮到在此提出的契約和協(xié)議,同意如下條款.4)RecitalsorWHEREASc373.正文（Body)定義條款（Definitionclause)基本條款（Basicconditions)一般條款（Generaltermsandconditions)合同有效期限（Duration)終止(Termination)不可抗力（ForceMajeure)合同的讓與（Assignment)仲裁（Arbitration)適用法律（Governinglaw)訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)通知手續(xù)（Notice)合同的修改（Amendment)其他（Others)3.正文（Body)384.結(jié)尾條款（Witnessclause)結(jié)尾語包括合同的分?jǐn)?shù)、使用的文字和效力等（Concludingsentence)，有時(shí)還包括對(duì)合同進(jìn)行修改或補(bǔ)充的內(nèi)容和附件。簽名（Signature)蓋印（Seal)4.結(jié)尾條款（Witnessclause)39III合同翻譯原則

準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

首先是用詞的準(zhǔn)確性。如：Shippingadvice和shippinginstruction表面上差不多，但前者是“裝運(yùn)通知”，后者是“裝運(yùn)指示”。符合規(guī)范

譯文必須要體現(xiàn)法律語言的特點(diǎn)和契約文體的特點(diǎn)。（略）III合同翻譯原則準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)401

多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&professional）

試比較下列用詞terminate,stopcommence,beginbedeemedto,beregardedasinlieuof,inplaceofpriorto,beforewhatsoever,whatevercommencement,start/begin；ceasetodo，stoptodo；

IV.英文合同的語言特色1多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&p41byvirtueof/duetobecauseof；atthecloseofthefiscalyear，intheendofthefiscalyear；asregards/concerning,relatingto，about；ineffect，infact；Themeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbysb.hold或call，convene；；miscellaneous,othermatters/events；construeacontract,comprehendacontract，understandacontract;deem，consider，think/believe；byvirtueof/dueto421）AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.應(yīng)乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術(shù)員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備(help)2）PartyAshallrepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassagetoBeijing.甲方應(yīng)將病人遣返中國(guó)，負(fù)責(zé)病人回到北京的旅費(fèi)。（sendback)3)Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyexecutedbythepartieshereto.“生效日”的意思是指本協(xié)議經(jīng)訂約雙方簽字的日子。（signed）1）AttherequestofPartyB,43注意合同本身的法律術(shù)語詞匯和一般用語的區(qū)別：examples一般文本含義法律文本含義Action行動(dòng)措施或訴訟Limitation限制時(shí)效Prejudice偏見損害Royalties皇室、王權(quán)特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)；版稅Negligence疏忽過失Avoidance逃避宣告無效Satisfaction滿意清償、補(bǔ)償grace優(yōu)雅寬限期注意合同本身的法律術(shù)語詞匯和一般用語的區(qū)別：examples442用語力求準(zhǔn)確、明白、嚴(yán)密

PartyAshallsendtechnicians

atPartyB’sexpense

totrainParty

B’spersonnel

within

30daysaftersigningtheContract.

甲方應(yīng)于簽約后三十天內(nèi)派遣技術(shù)員培訓(xùn)乙方的人員，有關(guān)費(fèi)用由乙方承擔(dān)。

ThisContractcanonlybe

altered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedby

authorizedrepresentatives

ofbothparties.

本合同的變更、修改和補(bǔ)充應(yīng)按雙方授權(quán)代表簽名蓋章的文件，才能進(jìn)行。2用語力求準(zhǔn)確、明白、嚴(yán)密453多使用老式詞匯

把here,there,where加后綴(after,by,in,of,on,to,under,upon,orwithafterhere,there,orwhere)

hereafter＝afterthistime;inthefuture今后

hereby＝bymeansof茲herein＝inthis此中，于此hereinafter＝laterinthiscontract

hereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthiscontract

hereof＝ofthis

hereto＝tothis

herebefore＝untilnow

hereunder＝underthis

hereupon＝atthispoint;inconsequenceofthis

herewith＝withthis

3多使用老式詞匯46thereafter＝afterwards

thereby＝bythatmeans;inthatconnection

therefrom＝fromthat

therein＝inthat;inthatparticular

thereinafter＝laterinthesamecontract

thereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthesamecontract

thereon＝onthat

thereof＝ofthat;fromthatsource

thereto＝tothat

thereunder=underthat

thereupon＝then;astheresultofthat

therewith＝withthatorit

whereas=consideringthat;but鑒于whereby=bywhat;bywhich

wherein=inwhat;inwhich

whereof=ofwhat;ofwhich

whereon=onwhat;onwhich關(guān)于那，在其上

thereafter＝afterwards

thereby47Inconfirmationhereofweattachabankstatement.

為作這方面的確認(rèn)我們附上銀行結(jié)單。ThecorrespondenceattachedheretoformpartoftheContract.

合同文件以及其來往文件均應(yīng)被視為本合同的一部份。AlloftheobligationsoftheGuarantorhereundershallbejointandseveral.擔(dān)保人在本擔(dān)保書項(xiàng)下承擔(dān)的所有義務(wù)均應(yīng)是連帶的。Lossescausedasaresultthereofshallbebornebytheviolator.由此而造成的損失，由違反者承擔(dān)。（belongingtothat）Inconcludingacontract,thepartiestheretoshallimplementtheprincipleofgoodfaith.

（tothat）當(dāng)事人訂立合同，應(yīng)執(zhí)行誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則。Inwitnesswhereof,Isetmyhand.

我作為證人簽字。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.

下述簽署人同意在中國(guó)制造新產(chǎn)品，其品牌以此為合適。Inconfirmationhereofweatta484

多用并列的同義詞anyandall全部termsandconditions條件nullandvoid無效freeandclearof無costandexpenses各種費(fèi)用rightsandinterests權(quán)益ableandwilling能夠并愿意covenantsandagreements合同、協(xié)議anyduties,obligationsorliabilities所有責(zé)任applicablelaws,regulations,decrees,directives,andrules適用法律法規(guī)4多用并列的同義詞49ThisAgreement

madeandenteredinto

byandbetweenABCCo.andXYZCo.ABC公司和XYZ公司雙方簽訂本協(xié)議。Alldocuments,letters,telegramsandtelexesinterchangedbetweenbothpartiesbeforethesigningoftheContractshallbecomenullandvoid

automaticallyfromthedateonwhichthe

Contractcomesintoforce.雙方在簽約前交換的所有文件、書信、電報(bào)和電傳，應(yīng)從本合同生效之日開始自動(dòng)失效。ThepartieshaveagreedtovarytheManagement

onthetermsandsubjecttotheconditions

containedherein.(都表示“依照本協(xié)議的條款規(guī)定”。)ThisAgreementmadeandentere505多用拉丁詞(loanwords)比例稅率：用proratetaxrate（要比proportionaltaxrate多）從事慈善性服務(wù)的律師：probonolawyer，（不怎么用lawyerengagedincharitablelegalassistance）委托代理人：agentadlitem。善意bonafide（goodfaith）反之亦然viceversa單方的exparte（fromoneside）不可抗力forcemajeure代替inlieuof(insteadof)事實(shí)上defacto不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的證明alibi按比例的prorata5多用拉丁詞(loanwords)516多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall,should,may,will在合同中用這些詞時(shí)要極其謹(jǐn)慎。權(quán)利義務(wù)的約見定部分構(gòu)成了合同的主體，這幾個(gè)詞如選用不當(dāng)，可能會(huì)引起糾紛。Shall約定當(dāng)事人的義務(wù)（應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么時(shí)候），英語法律條文中，表示強(qiáng)制性的“必須”的語義時(shí)，要用shall，而不是should.may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）must用于強(qiáng)制性義務(wù)（必須做什么）.maynot(或shallnot)用于禁止性義務(wù)（不得做什么）。6多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall,should,may,w52Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeople'sCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuchdisputeoccurs.雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商，解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議。如果協(xié)商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成協(xié)議的，可將爭(zhēng)議提交有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。ItisherebyagreedthatPartyBshallhavenoobligationtopayforthecostsofsuchtraining,otherthantopayfortheirtravelingexpensestoandfromUSAandtheirsalaries.雙方特此協(xié)議,乙方除支付受訓(xùn)人員赴美國(guó)的往返旅費(fèi)及其薪金外，不負(fù)擔(dān)此類培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用.Thepartiesheretoshall,firs537經(jīng)常用一些特殊的表達(dá)方式一些在普通英語中很少出現(xiàn)的連詞經(jīng)常在合同中出現(xiàn)。如:

Notwithstanding,providedthat,subjectto,forthepurposeof,inrespectof,inrespectthereof,intheeventof,intheeventthat,includingbutnotlimitedto,unlessanduntil,ifandonlyif,unlessotherwise,whereinthecase,untilotherwise,oth