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EmploymentContractsandContextsEmploymentObjectivescentralplaceofcontractinEr-Eerelationshipcontract&labourmarketlegalregulationsocio-econ.exchange-open-endedcontractnotlikecommercialcontractsjobcontracts&managerialpower/authoritywiderissuesdeliveryof“performance”&managerialcompetenceindividual+workgroupcontrol/defencesmotivation+loyalty,commitmentpotentialforworkplacedisagreementreferencetostatutoryprotectionscontractsinaglobalcontextObjectivescentralplaceofconTheIndividualinaLabourMarketindividualisbestjudgeofhowtosatisfyown-interestsjobcontract-freelyenteredintocontract(offer,acceptance,consideration)isnegotiated/agreedbutnotanequalbalanceinpersonalservicerelationshipsubordinationtoreasonable&legitimateauthorityofemployerfreedomofcontractbetweenconsentingpartiesbutonlyintermsofindividualequalitybeforethelawequalityunderpinnedbymanagerialprerogativethereforeNOTequalemployeeisjuniorpartneremployerdeterminesorganisationofworkandstandards(reasonable)THUSindividualnegotiation+freedomexistsonlyonsurfaceTheIndividualinaLabourMarOffer,acceptance,considerationintention,reasonablecontent,legal&genuineconsentcontractofservice(master-servant)open-endedrelationshipcontinuousorfixed-termortemporaryorapprenticeshipContrast“contractforservices”(commercialcontractors,selfemployed)precisetermsofperformanceforeachpartycommonlawandstatutorydutiesofemployerofemployeeimpliedterms(generalobligations)since1963significantlyshapedbystatutelawcontroltest,integrationtestthe“borrowedemployee”?ConceptofcontractOffer,acceptance,consideratiexpressorimplied,verbalorinwritingContractofemploymentis“usuallyconcludedorallybypeoplewhorarelythinkoutstillmorerarelyexpress,anyterms”1940subjecttostatutoryregulationofemploymentrelationshipChangestotheContract?bymutualconsent?withinscopeofeffort-rewardrelationship(open-ended,master-servant)?reasonablewithinemployer’soperationaldiscretion?VicariousliabilityNegligenceemployerliablefornegligent/wrongfulactsomissionsofemployeewhilstactingincourseofemployment.TheControltest.collectiveagreementsFormationofcontractofemploymentexpressorimplied,verbalorEmploymentRightsAct1996Consolidateslaw.EarlierActsrepealedinwholeorinparttheEmploymentProtection(Consolidation)Act1978WagesAct1986TradeUnionReformEmploymentRightsAct1993UnaffectedlegislationEqualPayAct1970SexDiscriminationAct1975RaceRelationsAct1976TransferofUndertaking(ProtectionofEmployment)Regulations1981DisabilityDiscriminationAct1995Newlawe.g.RaceRelations(Amendment)Act2000EmploymentRightsAct1996ConsERA1996Righttominimumstatementinitialparticularswithin2monthschangescommunicatedwithin1monthemployer/employeenames,start,jobtitleorbriefdescription.Placeofwork?rateofpay,period,howpaid,hours,conditionse.g.meals,hols+holidaypay+calculationsickness,injurysickpaypensionlengthofnoticedueto/fromemployeewherenon-permanent-thetermorenddatedisciplinaryrules,code/procedure,arrangementsforhandlinggrievances(unless<20staff)referencedocuments&collectiveagreementsaffectingemployeeitemisedpaystatementNot“thecontract”butevidenceofmin.termsERA1996RighttominimumstaRIGHTSATWORK?beclearonwhatisexpectedofyou?knowhowyourmanagerseesyourperformance?getonwithyourjobinyourownways,onceconstraintsobjectiveshavebeenagreed?makemistakesoccasionally?haveasay/vetoinwhoworksforyou?expectworkofacertainstandardfromyourstaff?criticiseperformancewhenitfallsbelowanagreedstandard?beconsultedaboutdecisionswhichaffectyou?takedecisionsonmatterswhichaffectyourdepartment?refuseunreasonablerequests?RIGHTSATWORK?beclearonwhaVicariousLiabilityEmployerlegallyliablefortortscommittedbyemployeesactingincourseoftheirwork(controltest)Injuredpersonbetterplacedtorecoverdamagesfromemployer."inthecourseofemployment"expressorimplicitemployerauthorisationnegligent/wrongfulactsoromissions.Recruited,competent,supervised,briefed,trainedetc.foolishbutactingforemployerbenefitinoversteppingdutiesEmployerdefence–"onfrolicoftheirown.Outsideemployercontrol.Disobeyingexpressinstructions.Vicariouscriminalliabilitye.g.jobopportunitytosteal,defraud?VicariousLiabilityEmployerleEmployerobligationstoemployeepaycontractuallyagreedremunerationprovidework?givelawfulinstructionsonlytreatreasonablywithrespect,trustconfidenceprovidesoundsupervisionjobinstruction?observeprovisionsrelatingtosickness,holidaypay,hours.permittime-offforpublicduties(statutory)indemnify/insureprovidereferences?provideforemployeehealth,safetywelfareprovidereasonablesafeworkingconditions(seestatutoryprovisions)NotinfringeHumanRightsEmployerobligationstoemployTreatwithrespect,trustconfidence “Employerswillnot,withoutreasonablepropercause,conductthemselvesinamannercalculatedorlikelytodestroyorseriouslydamagetherelationshipoftrustconfidencebetweentheparties”.

AssistantmanagertoC,“Youcannotdothebloodyjobanyway”.NottheAssistantmanager’sjobtooffersuchopinion.Totallyunderminestrustconfidence???walk-out. “dutyofemployertobegoodconsideratetohisservants.Sometimesitisformulatedasanimpliedtermnottodoanythingtodestroytherelationshipofconfidencebetweenthem”Treatwithrespect,trustconEmployeeobligationstoemployerready,willingavailabletodoworkworkforemployerinemployer’stimeusecare,skill,bereasonablycompetentnottobeundulynegligentobeyreasonable,lawfulinstructionstakecareofemployer’sproperty(goodwill?)Fidelity:actingoodfaith,respectvaluesconfidencesAbsences?Industrialaction?Responsetooperationalchange?Justifiablerefusaltoobey?exceptionaldangerorderwouldconstitutealegaloffenceWrongfulvs.UnfairdismissalEmployeeobligationstoemployFidelityDutynottomakesecretprofitoracttodetrimentofemployerdiscloseconfidentialinformation.Trade/secretinformation‘habitually’handled,awarenessofsensitivity.mustbeoftype,thereleaseofwhichtheownerbelieveswouldbeinjurioustobusiness/advantageoustorivalsownermustbelieve(reasonably)thattheinfo.isconfidentialorsecreti.e..notalreadypublicknowledgeinfo.judgedinlightofusage+industry/tradepracticePublicInformationDisclosureAct1998(thewhistle-blower)Leaversmovetorivalsorworkforselves?Ttected.Know-howisnotImpressconfidentialityonemployeeCaninfo.easilybedetached/isolatedfromother“freetodiscloseinfo?”FidelityDutynottoUnfairDismissal“Usuallyevidentwhensomeonehasbeendismissed.”

TrueorFalse?Sixsmith?alsotakesplacewhen:fixedtermcontractexpiresbutnotrenewedemployerpreventseligibleemployeetoreturntoworkafterpregnancyemployeehasreasontoresignbecauseofemployerconduct(Constructivedismissal).UnfairDismissal“UsuallyevideNorightnottobedismissed.Rightnottobeunfairlydismissedwithoutgoodreason(from1971)complaint&redresstoEmploymentTribunalClaim=dismissalwasunfairevenifemployerofferssettlementwithoutadmittingUFD.....sonotjustfor￡.Principle=jobstakecannotbeendedjustbyservingcontractualnotice.Restraintonhire-fireemployerDoesitreallyconstrainemployer’sfreedomofaction?Norightnottobedismissed.NotsubjecttoTribunalJurisdiction.

PrimafaciefairsubjecttotestoffairnessAutomaticallyunfairongroundsofTakingpartinastrikeoractionwhereallrelevantemployeesdismissed....unlessanadmissiblereason

pregnancyorchildbirthtradeunionmembership&activitieshealth&safetyactivitiesassertionofstatutoryrightcapabilityorqualificationsmisconductbreachofstatutoryprovisionsredundancysomeothersubstantialreasonTakingpartinunofficialstrikeorotheractionunlessaninadmissiblereasonStatutoryReasonsforDismissalNotsubjecttoTribunalPrimaEligibility?noFT/PTthresholdssince1995(indirectdiscrim.)....ECArticle119Applicant1yearcontinuousserviceatdateoftermination.noservicerequirementforinadmissiblereasons.presentclaimwithintimelimits(reasonablypracticable)ACASintervention?Excluded(HumanRightsAct?)armedforces(ifinternalserviceproceduresnotyetexhausted)Policefixedtermcontractswithwrittenagreementtoexcluderightsdesignateddismissalprocedureagreementother?Eligibility?noFT/PTthresholdFixedTermContract-WaiverofRightsClause

ItisaconditionofthisappointmentthatyouagreetoexcludeanyclaimwhichyouwouldotherwisehaveforunfairdismissalundertheEmploymentRightsAct1996arisingoutoftheterminationofyouremploymentonexpiryofthefixedterm.Yoursigning&returningtometheenclosedpartofthisletterwillsignifysuchagreementonyourpart. IencloseanadditionalcopyofthiscontractwhichIshouldbegratefulifyouwouldsigntoindicateacceptanceoftheappointmentunderthetermsoutlinedabovereturnittome.

Signed(AppointingOfficer) Signed(Appointee)ISTHISLEGAL?REASONABLE?FixedTermContract-WaiveroValidreasonsfordismissalConduct

the

mostcomplaintsforunfairdismissalCapabilityorqualification

(performance)employeeunabletodojob/worksatisfactorilyornpqualificationsforit.Illness&frustrationofcontractRedundancy

GenerallynotgroundsforU/Fdismissalclaim.Statutoryrequirement

Continuedemploymentcontravenesstatutorydutye.g.driver’slicence,workpermit.Someothersubstantialreason

Businessrestructuring?Hostility,clashofpersonalities?Aspecificrule-breachofcode?Nospecificrulebutgenerallyunethicalbehaviour?ValidreasonsfordismissalConConductrefusaltoobeyreasonableinstructionsintroductionofanewworkingsystem?timekeeping,absenteeismbreachofexclusivity,trustandconfidentstealingfromemployerbreachofsafetyinstructions,negligence,actsandomissionsimmorality,drunkennessConductrefusaltoobeyreasonaCapability-1mostcasesrelatetoincompetence,ill-healthorothermental&physicalquality(inabilitytodevelopsoundrelationswithothers?)reasonableness+reasons?employer’sappraisalprocessestraining&supervisionrequired/givendegreesofincompetence....oneseriouslapse?Pilot?Driver?President?Mgttrainee?Capability-1mostcasesrelatCapability-2ill-healthmayjustifyemployerterminatingthecontractinformedjudgement-circumstances&optionsinvestigatethepermanentlyunfittoworkLong-termsick-frustrationofcontactemployeeinjuredatwork(back?stress?)thensackedbecausepermanentlyoff-sick?QualificationsrelatingtoaptitudeandabilityDiploma,technicalcertificate,license/permitorprofessionalqualification.mustbesubstantiallyconcernedwithjobaptitudeorabilityCapability-2ill-healthmayjRedundancy“Jobforwhichyouareemployedhasceasedtoexistinwholeorinpart”2yearsservice,suitablealternativeemployment+trialperiodscaleofredundancypaymentsTUPEadmissiblereason–butunfairifunfairselectionbyreasonofTU.membership/activitiesornon-membershipemployerdisregards-withoutgoodreason-customaryarrangementsoragreedselectionprocedure.reasonableness.Wasthedismissal(ormannerofit)FAIRe.g.adequatewarningoralternativeemploymentconsidered?Redundancy“JobforwhichyouAutomaticinvalidreasonsPregnancy/childbirth-regardlessofservice(ERA).Sex,race&disabilitydiscrimination/victimisation/detrimentHealth&safetys.100rightnottobedismissedorsubjecttodetrimentforactingassafetyrepresentative.carryingoutdesignatedactivitiestoprevent/reducerisks&dangersPublicInformationDisclosureAct1998.Victimisationforassertionofstatutoryrights&supportTUmembership(non-membership)&activitiesAutomaticinvalidreasonsPregnReasonsinwritingentitledtobegivenreasonfordismissal.requestwrittenreasonswithin14days(pregnancyexcl.)Butnotifallegingconstructivedismissalemployercanprovidewrittenstatementvoluntarilyforineligiblestaff.Employeesdissatisfiedwithnotreceivingastatementorbelieveitinaccurate-gotoatribunalWhatwasreasonorprincipalreason?DoesitfallwithinERAS.98orsomeothersubstantialreason?Isthistherealreason(useredundancyasexcuse?)Didemployeractreasonablyorunreasonably?ReasonsinwritingentitledtoACASDisciplineGuidelinesWhydisciplinaryrulesandprocedures?promotefairness&orderintreatmentofindividualsandtheconductofemployeerelationsassisttheorganisationtooperateeffectivelyDefinebasicexpectationsandsetstandardsofconductatworkproceduretoensurethatstandardsareadheredtoafairmethodofdealingwithallegedfailuretoobservethemFunctional,normative,prescriptiveconfirmsmanagerialprerogativeaconflictreductionmechanism

Unitary/pluralisticenvironment?Codeof“workplaceethics”?ACASDisciplineGuidelinesWhyProceduralFairness-1EmployerimplementsInformemployeeofrules,procedures+consequences/penaltiesFair,objective,nodiscriminationAvailableevidence+probabilityinthecircumstancesSubstantialequityandmeritsofthecase>uniformityoftreatmentNoticeofproceedingsandpreparednessProceduralFairness-1EmployExemptionfromunfairdismissalprovisions?NaturalJustice“WhatamIbeingaccusedof”Righttobeheard,put"mysideofthecase",queryevidenceandhaveownevidenceconsidered–evenforgrossmisconduct.Confrontmyaccuser?Witnessstatements?Righttorepresentation.Wherepracticable,TU.reporfellowemployeeInstantvs.summarydismissal(fieldcourt)takeaccountofemployee’sinformationbeforedecidingavoidhastyconclusionse.g.assumptionsaboutpriordisciplinarywarnings,say,poortime-keepingAppeals?ExemptionfromunfairdismissaExemptionfromunfairdismissalprovisions?Nodifferenceprinciple

Overlookproceduraldefectsifemployershowsthat-onbalance-thesamedecisionwouldhavebeentaken?NO!MorelikelytobeU/FD.Sticktoprocedure.

Caught“inflagrantedelicato”?Sticktoproceduree.g.+vedrugstest(airlineoroil-rig)?

“Itisallegedthat”employeedidsomethingoutsidework?Establishthetruth.Donotdismissonhear-say.

HasEmployergenuinebeliefinthemisconduct?reasonableevidenceandinvestigation?ExemptionfromunfairdismissaCompanyPolicyFramework-1publishedandcommonknowledge?Verbal?Do’sanddon’ts?Express&implied?MINOR(correctivefeedback)generalirritationsweak-fitbetweenduties/standards&performancecompany’svaluesystem?impliedfromgeneral,routine,common-sensebehaviour?outsideworkplace?MAJOR(foreverunderminesrootofrelationship)accumulatedminorbreaches-noimprovement?trustrelationshipcannotbere-built(one-sidedTango?)criminalactions?outsideworkplace?CompanyPolicyFramework-1puVerbalwarning-notedWrittenwarning-maybeFinalDismissal-orotherCompanyPolicyFramework-2Informal/formalsplitGrievousbreach---->lessrequirementforallsteps?Recordedwarningswithguidanceoncorrectiveaction&warningshelf-lifeAppeal?Viainternalgrievanceprocedure?punishmentfitscrime?representationmanagersinvolvedateachstagecorrespondence&documentationInformaladvice“awordinyourear”FormalstagesExternal?InternalgrievanceprocedureAppeal?VerbalwarningWrittenwarningDFormalVerbalwarningWrittenwarningDismissalSummaryDismissalwith/withoutnoticesuspension-withorwithoutpay?transfer,demotion,fine?Finalwrittenwarningpullbackfromdismissalnextstepdismissal?Appeal?Writtenwarningformal,recordedduringhearing.clearcommunicationofconsequencesVerbalwarning-Issuedformallyawayfromworkplace-confidentialAidememoir-time,reason,whatwascommunicated,nextstep,response.Feedback,staffappraisal?Normalsupervision.Separationofroles(controller/friend?)CompanyPolicyFramework-3FormalWrittenwarningDismissalReasonablenessandsufficientreasonEmployermustactreasonably

inallthecircumstancesintreatingthereasonasasufficientandvalidreasoncircumstancesincl.employersize&resourcesReasonablenessdependsonHOWthedismissalwascarriedoutandifemployeractedreasonablyleadinguptothedecisiontodismisse.g.formisconductorcapability-wasthereawarning,chancetoimprove?Ifredundancy,wasemployeeconsideredforalternativework?QualifiersforsmallfirmsReasonablenessandsufficientFairnesstestsufficientreasonbasedonequity+substantialmeritsmultiplereasons-gofortheprincipalones!burdenofproofneutralbutbalanceweighsonemployerETisNOTanarbitrator-cannotsubstituteownviewsof“reasonable”fortheemployer’sWhatwouldareasonableemployerhavedoneinthecircumstancestherightcourseofactiontoadopt?bandofemployersWasitfair?teacherslapschild’slegs?refusaltowork3monthsofSundays?FairnesstestsufficientreasonShortcasestudies1weeklystaffrotapinnedonthefactorynoticeboardbythesupervisor.Therotaliststheshiftdaysforeachoperative.ItispinnedupontheTpanypolicystatementonequalopportunitieslistsexpectationsregardinghowstaffshouldbehaveandspeaktowardseachother.

Afriendwhoyouregularlyhavelunchwithisveryupset.Hermanagerspokeabruptlytoherabout“readingamagazineandwritingpersonallettersusingthecompany’swordprocessorwhensheshouldhavebeenworking.Shewaswaitingforhersupervisortopassonnewitemsofwork.Otherpeopleintheoffice-alsousethecompany’swordprocessingfacilities.Shortcasestudies1weeklystaThewarehousesupervisoraskedBraatShah-afork-lifttruckdriver-toworkovertimeonSaturdayfrom8.00-16.30.Braatagreedbutthendidnotturnupnordidhephonein.Thesupervisorcouldnotcompleteanimportantorder-thereasonfortheovertime.BraatwasseenshoppinginTesco’sat11.30.

aunionrepresentativehasaskedthedepartmentalmanagerfortimeoffwithpaytoattendtheunion’sannualconferenceShortcasestudies2Thewarehousesupervisoraskedavandriverrefusestodriveavanallocatedtoherforanormaldeliveryround.Shearguedthatthetyreswerewornandthatwhenbrakingthevantendedtoveer.ThesupervisorpointsoutthatthevanhadpasseditsMOT.Themechanichadcheckedthevehicle.

abiscuit-linemanagerwasangrywithanelectedH&Srep.whowascalledawayfromherjobbythecompanyH&Sofficertojoinaninvestigationintoawarehouseincident.Onreturn,themanagergavetherep.asterntickingoffandlaterrefusedarequestforaday’sleave.Hearguedthatshehadgiveninsufficientnotice(4daysnormallyrequired).ItwasFriday.Therep.wantedthenextMondayoff.Shortcasestudies3avandriverrefusestodriveEmploymentTribunalClaimssendET1within3monthsfromeffectiveterminationdate(+1day)canlodgecomplaintwhilstworkingnoticeifwithoutnotice-terminationeffectiveonthedayEe.actuallyleaveswork.Walkoutwithoutgivingbasiccontractual/statutorynotice?Claimsoutoftime?Wasitreasonablyfeasibletopresentaclaim?InformationonUFDcomestolightoutsidetimeperiod?ConciliationcopyofET1toACAS.Conciliationofficerappointed.PartiescontactedtosecurevoluntarysettlementPre-trialassessment-fullcostsmaybepayableifgotofullhearingandfrivolous.Possible￡150depositAtfullhearing.Complainantmustshowthathe/shehasbeendismissedunlessconceded.EmploymentTribunalClaimssendRemediesReinstatementorreengagementTribunalcanmakeRorRorderormakeacompensationawardReinstatement-employertorespondasifemployeenotdismissed.Makegoodpay/benefits,improvementsetc.Re-engagementNospecificperformance.Employerdecides.Comparable,suitableemploymentDoescomplainantwantit?Tribunalspecifiesterms-job,award,arrears,seniority,pension,dates.Contributoryfault?Mitigationofloss?IftribunalthinksRorRimpracticable-thencompensation.EmployerunreasonablyrejectsRorR?Mpensation.RemediesReinstatementorreenCompensation-1Basicawardirrespectiveofloss-basedonserviceandaverageweekswageReducedawardifcontributoryfaultorunreasonablerefusalofRorR=>age41,1andahalfweekspay/yearservice(max.￡240pw+20years)age22-40-oneweekspay/yearage18-21-halfaweekspay/yearExample:44yearold,15yearsservice,￡160pw3years@￡720+12years@1920Total=￡2640Nearingretirement?-proratareductions/monthinyearprior.

RedundancypaymentifdismissedforredundancyCompensation-1BasicawardReCompensatoryaward(notdamages,￡lossNOThurtfeelings)uptomax.￡51,700forconsequentiallossUnlimitedforforSDA,RRA,DDAcases????Checkthisexpensesincurredandlostbenefits(reasonablyexpectedtohavehad)deduct￡paidinlieu,exgratiapay.Noloss-noaward(gotbetterjob)mitigatelosse.g..refusedsuitablealternativejobcontributoryfaulte.g..falsifiedmedicalcertificateCompensation-2Compensatoryaward(notdamageEmploymentContractsandContextsEmploymentObjectivescentralplaceofcontractinEr-Eerelationshipcontract&labourmarketlegalregulationsocio-econ.exchange-open-endedcontractnotlikecommercialcontractsjobcontracts&managerialpower/authoritywiderissuesdeliveryof“performance”&managerialcompetenceindividual+workgroupcontrol/defencesmotivation+loyalty,commitmentpotentialforworkplacedisagreementreferencetostatutoryprotectionscontractsinaglobalcontextObjectivescentralplaceofconTheIndividualinaLabourMarketindividualisbestjudgeofhowtosatisfyown-interestsjobcontract-freelyenteredintocontract(offer,acceptance,consideration)isnegotiated/agreedbutnotanequalbalanceinpersonalservicerelationshipsubordinationtoreasonable&legitimateauthorityofemployerfreedomofcontractbetweenconsentingpartiesbutonlyintermsofindividualequalitybeforethelawequalityunderpinnedbymanagerialprerogativethereforeNOTequalemployeeisjuniorpartneremployerdeterminesorganisationofworkandstandards(reasonable)THUSindividualnegotiation+freedomexistsonlyonsurfaceTheIndividualinaLabourMarOffer,acceptance,considerationintention,reasonablecontent,legal&genuineconsentcontractofservice(master-servant)open-endedrelationshipcontinuousorfixed-termortemporaryorapprenticeshipContrast“contractforservices”(commercialcontractors,selfemployed)precisetermsofperformanceforeachpartycommonlawandstatutorydutiesofemployerofemployeeimpliedterms(generalobligations)since1963significantlyshapedbystatutelawcontroltest,integrationtestthe“borrowedemployee”?ConceptofcontractOffer,acceptance,consideratiexpressorimplied,verbalorinwritingContractofemploymentis“usuallyconcludedorallybypeoplewhorarelythinkoutstillmorerarelyexpress,anyterms”1940subjecttostatutoryregulationofemploymentrelationshipChangestotheContract?bymutualconsent?withinscopeofeffort-rewardrelationship(open-ended,master-servant)?reasonablewithinemployer’soperationaldiscretion?VicariousliabilityNegligenceemployerliablefornegligent/wrongfulactsomissionsofemployeewhilstactingincourseofemployment.TheControltest.collectiveagreementsFormationofcontractofemploymentexpressorimplied,verbalorEmploymentRightsAct1996Consolidateslaw.EarlierActsrepealedinwholeorinparttheEmploymentProtection(Consolidation)Act1978WagesAct1986TradeUnionReformEmploymentRightsAct1993UnaffectedlegislationEqualPayAct1970SexDiscriminationAct1975RaceRelationsAct1976TransferofUndertaking(ProtectionofEmployment)Regulations1981DisabilityDiscriminationAct1995Newlawe.g.RaceRelations(Amendment)Act2000EmploymentRightsAct1996ConsERA1996Righttominimumstatementinitialparticularswithin2monthschangescommunicatedwithin1monthemployer/employeenames,start,jobtitleorbriefdescription.Placeofwork?rateofpay,period,howpaid,hours,conditionse.g.meals,hols+holidaypay+calculationsickness,injurysickpaypensionlengthofnoticedueto/fromemployeewherenon-permanent-thetermorenddatedisciplinaryrules,code/procedure,arrangementsforhandlinggrievances(unless<20staff)referencedocuments&collectiveagreementsaffectingemployeeitemisedpaystatementNot“thecontract”butevidenceofmin.termsERA1996RighttominimumstaRIGHTSATWORK?beclearonwhatisexpectedofyou?knowhowyourmanagerseesyourperformance?getonwithyourjobinyourownways,onceconstraintsobjectiveshavebeenagreed?makemistakesoccasionally?haveasay/vetoinwhoworksforyou?expectworkofacertainstandardfromyourstaff?criticiseperformancewhenitfallsbelowanagreedstandard?beconsultedaboutdecisionswhichaffectyou?takedecisionsonmatterswhichaffectyourdepartment?refuseunreasonablerequests?RIGHTSATWORK?beclearonwhaVicariousLiabilityEmployerlegallyliablefortortscommittedbyemployeesactingincourseoftheirwork(controltest)Injuredpersonbetterplacedtorecoverdamagesfromemployer."inthecourseofemployment"expressorimplicitemployerauthorisationnegligent/wrongfulactsoromissions.Recruited,competent,supervised,briefed,trainedetc.foolishbutactingforemployerbenefitinoversteppingdutiesEmployerdefence–"onfrolicoftheirown.Outsideemployercontrol.Disobeyingexpressinstructions.Vicariouscriminalliabilitye.g.jobopportunitytosteal,defraud?VicariousLiabilityEmployerleEmployerobligationstoemployeepaycontractuallyagreedremunerationprovidework?givelawfulinstructionsonlytreatreasonablywithrespect,trustconfidenceprovidesoundsupervisionjobinstruction?observe