定語從句精講講練+100練習題

定語從句精講講練+100練習題定語從句的定義和結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中起定語作用、修飾居中的名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導。當關(guān)系代詞作定語從句的主語時，其后的謂語動詞的人稱代詞和數(shù)取決于先行詞的人稱和數(shù)。定語從句一般位于先行詞的后面，定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引導。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔任一個成分。二關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句who指人，在從句中作主語。如ThemanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisaPoliceman.Thosewhowishtogotothemuseummustbeatthegateby7:50a.m.ThatisthemanwhoteachedusEnglish.whom指人，在從句中作賓語，?？墒÷?。如Mrs.Smith(whom)youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.Theprofessor(whom)youwishtoseehascome.whose通常指人，也可以指物，在從句中作定語。如Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.which指事物，在從句中作主語或賓語。做賓語時，?？墒÷浴Ｈ鏕uilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2000years?Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofthewords.Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.that指事物，也可指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。做賓語時，常可省略。如Therearesomefilms(that)I'dliketosee.SheistheonlyoneamongusthatknowsFrench?三關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句when表示時間，其先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(如time，day，hour，year等)。如October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Fromthetimewhenhewaslittle,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.where表示地點，其先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞(如place,room,house,street,area等)如Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasborn?Isthistheroomwherewewerelivinglastnight?why表示原因，常用在先行詞reason后面。如Idon'tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.Thereasonwhyhesaidthatisquiteclear.四關(guān)系代詞前帶介詞的定語從句1關(guān)系代詞which，whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，從句常由“介詞+which(或whom)”引出。如Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecityinwhichtheylive.ThefilmofwhichI'mspeakingistobeshownatthePeople'sCinemanextweek.Thisistheteacherfromwhomwe'velearntalot.ThepolicemanwithwhomMr.Henryistalkingintheofficeisafriendofmine.2這類從句中的介詞也可以放在從句的末尾，這是關(guān)系代詞可以省略。如Thesituation(which)wehadgotintowasverydangerous.Theman(whom)wesentthepresenttoisadoctoroflaws.3定語從句也可以由“名詞(或代詞或數(shù)詞)+介詞+which(或whom)”引出。如Thehousethewindowsofwhichweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.Wehavetwospareroomsupstairs,neitherofwhichhasbeenmuchusedinthepasttwoyears.五關(guān)系代詞as引導的定語從句As也可用作關(guān)系代詞，既可以單獨引出定語從句，又可以與主句中的thesame或such相呼應(yīng)，從句中謂語動詞常省略。如Wejumpedforjoyatthenews,aswasnatual.Wedothesameworkasthey(do).Heisnotthesamemanashewas.Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryasheisusing.*1ereceivedani

surprise.c*2helpyouinyourwork.別：兩者都可指物，常可互換。其通常要用which:mfromherboss,which通常要用which:HjeisworkingiscalledaE被它們修飾時much,little,any(thing)fno(thing)等時，如：Therewaslittlethattheenemycoulddobutsurrender.]thatcanbedonemustbedone.very,theonly,thesame等修飾時，isistheonlyexamplethatIknow.。'osearetheverywordsthatheused.先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞(包括last,next等)mthat:isistnebestdictionarythatI'veeverused.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistoworkoutan.句中用作表語時，通常用that:指物的井列詞組時，通常用5ina"isnofthe"COuntrv(that)itwas.(7)當先行詞是一個既指that:如：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatmostimpressedthem.(8)當要.(8)當要.2、that.與w如1AreHaveyoumetanybodythat[who]hasbeentoParis?Heistheonlyoneamongusthat[who]knowsRussian.如①當先行詞列況指人又要用物的并列詞組時：一■"Ionthemenandthingshea?3可h互weredelighted.gsthatIhadseenabroad.如③當關(guān)系代詞在3、as與gsthatIhadseenabroad.如③當關(guān)系代詞在3、as與which的(1)5as,orldCupin1982?當劇噤時為避免WriorldCupin1982?當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句匚―:TomisnottheDov(that)he，柱such,as,thesame后只能用如：Ineverneardsuchstoriesashetells.我從未聽過他講那樣的故事。IfsthesamestoryasIheardyesterday.這故事跟我昨天聽到的一樣。livealonich)youknow.語從句時，兩者不可換①當從句位于主句前面時，只用as:.livealonich)youknow.語從句時，兩者不可換①當從句位于主句前面時，只用as:.」如：AsisKnowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.?as5which①當從句位于主句前面時，如：AsisKnowntoevertheearthonceeverymonth.了，制性定語從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致，如T^'ewentlabroad,as(which)wasexpected.他出'‘Hewentabroad,whichwasunexpected.他出蟲讓大家制性定語用短語或某不短語推句中某的

了，sthroughLondon,iscalledas)常應(yīng)是連ehasmarriedagafn?as[which]^seemed'natural.結(jié)婚了，這似乎很hasmarriedagain,whichdelightedus她又結(jié)使我們很高興用別：)fwho為主格fwhom為賓格：eresthegirlwhosellsthetickets?TheauthorwhomyoucriticizedinyourviewhassthroughLondon,iscalledas)常應(yīng)是連ehasmarriedagafn?as[which]^seemed'natural.結(jié)婚了，這似乎很hasmarriedagain,whichdelightedus她又結(jié)使我們很高興用別：)fwho為主格fwhom為賓格：eresthegirlwhosellsthetickets?Theauthorwhomyoucriticizedinyourviewhas之賓格關(guān)系代詞whom往往省eaman(that7who,"wfiom)youmetjustnowiscalledJim.V*V*writtenaletterinreply.文體thatadever語時，只能用whom,而且不能省:Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhombefore.who和whom均可F略en'tmetbefore.isJack,七限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1有些定語從句對先行詞具有限制作用，使該詞的含義更具體、更明確，這種定語從句稱為限制性定語從句。這類從句不能省掉，否則句子的意義就不完整。如DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Thosewhowishtogotothemuseummustbeatthegateby7:50a.m.Heistheman(whom)Iwanttosee.注：限制性定語從句與主句之間不能用逗號隔開。限制向定語從句修飾的是名詞或代詞。限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語時可省略。2定語從句有時跟先行詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，只是作一些附加說明，不起限制作用，這種從句稱為非限制性定語從句。這類從句往往用逗號與主句分開。如Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmyfather's.Wewalkeddownthevillagestreet,whichtheywerehavingmarketday.注：有時這類定語從句所修飾的不是前面一個的某一個詞，而是代表整個主句所講的內(nèi)容，通常用逗號與主句分開。HegavehermotheracolorTVsetforherbirthday,whichpleasedheralot.Theyarecomingbacktous,whichmeansthattheyhavebeenrefusedelsewhere.八使用定語從句應(yīng)注意的幾個問題1關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。如ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.ThestudentwhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.2定語從句有時不直接緊靠著先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。如ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan'tunderstand.ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.3引導定語從句的關(guān)系副詞可以用“介詞+which”來代替。如October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Thisistheroominwhich(=where)LuXunoncelived.4當定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定的部分不要拆開。如Thedictionarywhichyouarelookingforisonthedesk.Thesickmanwhomsheislooingafrerisherfather.5注意介詞與關(guān)系代詞的位置，介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略，介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可用which，that，whom□語中也可以用who，且可省略。如Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear?Thisistheroomwelivedinlastyear.Who'sthecomradewhomyoujustshookhandswith?Who'sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?Theroom(which/that)Iliveinisverynice.Theman(whom/who/that)youwrertalkingabouthascometoschool.6關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當一個成分，因此使用時要注意在從句中避免句子成分的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。Letmehaveabookatthedictionarythatyouboughtityesterday.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedintwoyearsago.兩個特殊用法but和than引導定語從句的用法but可被看作關(guān)系代詞，引導定語從句，在句中作主語，在意義上相當于whonot或thatnot，即用在否定詞或具有否定意義的詞后，構(gòu)成雙重否定。如：①Thereisnomotherbutlovesherchildren.沒有不愛自己孩子的母親。②Therewasnoonepresentbutknewthestoryalready.在場的人都知道這個故事。二、than作關(guān)系代詞時，一般用在形式為比較級的復(fù)合句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為形容詞比較級(more)...than+從句，than在從句中作主語，相當于that，代表它前面的先行詞。(這時，它兼有連詞和代詞的性質(zhì)，也有學者認為這種用法的than是連詞，后面省略了主語what。)如：①Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatdealmoreluxiousthanisnecessary.②Hegotmoremoneythanwaswanted.運用上述知識翻譯下列句子：1?任何人都喜歡被贊揚。(but)Thereisnoonebutlikestobepraised.2?我們大家都想去桂林。(but)ThereisnooneofusbutwishestovisitGuilin.3?沒有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子。(but)Thereisnomanbutfeelspityforthosestarvingchildren.4?我們班上沒有一個人不想幫你。(but)Thereisnooneinourclassbutwantstohelpyou.5?無論多么荒涼，多么難以行走的地方，人們也能把它變成戰(zhàn)暢？(but)Thereisnocountrysowildanddifficultbutwillbemadeatheatreofwar.6?這件事情比想象的要復(fù)雜。(than)Thismatterismorecomplexthanisimagined?7.這個廣告的效果比預(yù)想的要好。(than)Thisadvertisementismoreaffectivethanisexpected.8?這個問題看起來容易，實際上很難。(than)Theproblemmaybemoredifficultinnaturethanwouldappear.9?他爸媽給他的零用錢總是超過他的需要。(than)Hegotmorepocketmoneyfromhisparentsthanwasdemanded.10?因為這項工程非常困難，所以需要投入更多的勞動力。(than)Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthanhasbeenputinbecauseitisextremelydifficult?練習題1Ihaveafriendhasagoodcamera?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDbeThemantodayleftthismessageforyou.AcalledBhascalledCwhomcalledDwhocalledThemanisournewteacher.AwhomyouspokeBwhomyouspoketoCwithwhomyouspokeDyouspokewithwhomIdon'tthinkthenumberofthepeoplethishappensisverylarge?AwhomBwhoCofwhomDtowhomDoyouworknearthebuildingcolorisyellow?AthatBwhichCwhoseDitsHereisthegirlschoolbaghasbeenstolen.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDherThenumberofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhichItsoundedlikeatrainwasgoingundermyhouse.AwhoBwhichC/DwhomThecar—myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.AthatBwhomCwhoDwhoseTheboywesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.AwhichBwhomCwhoseDwhatTheswimmeryouareaskingaboutisoverthere.AwhomBwhichCwhoseDwhatThebuildingwindowarebrightatnightisourschool.AwhichBthatCwhomDwhoseIstheriverthroughthattownverylarge?AwhichflowsBflowsCthatflowingDwhoseflowsThegamesintheyoungmencompetedweredifficult.AwhomBwhoseCwhichDthatHehelpedhisfatheronthetowntheylived.AwhichBthatCwhenDwhereThat'stheScienceMuseumwevisitedlastyear.AwhereBtowhichCwhichDinwhichThat'sthefactorywepaidavisitlastyear.AwhereBtowhichCwhichDinwhichShelikestousewordsiscleartoher.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhichThisisthehouseweusedtosleep.AwhereBwhichCthatDwhenThiswasatimetherewerestillsalvesintheUSA.AwhichBthatCwhenDwhereHersister,youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.AwhomBthatCwhichD/I'moneoftheboysneverlateforschool?AthatisBwhoisCwhoareDwhoamHeisthemostboringspeakersIhaveeverheard.AwhoBthatCwhoseDwhichMr.Anderson,1thoughtdied3yearsago,isstillliving.AwhoBwhomCthatDwhichHeisthelastperson1wanttosee.AwhoBwhomCthatDwhichDidyouasktheguardwhathappened?Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.AaboutwhichBwhichCthatDwhichJohnwastheonlyoneIhadvisited.AwhichBthatCwhomDwhoThesecondbookIwanttoreadisRedStarOverChina.AwhichBwhatCthatDasTheboyhandedeverything—hehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice?AwhichBwhatCthatDwhateverThereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenme.AthatBwhoCwhichDwhomWhoknowshimwouldtrusthim.AwhomBthatCwhoDwhichThemanandthehorsefellintotheriverweredrowned?AwhichBwhoCofwhichDthatWhichofthetrainsistheonegoestoNanjing?AwhichBofwhichCoftheseDthatLookatthegirlandthedogarecrossingthebridge.AwhichBwhoCthatDtheyYoumayborrowanybookAthatyouinterestBwhichyouareinterestedCthatinterestsyouDwhichinterestsyouI'llneverforgetthedaysIstayedinyourbeautifulcountry.AwhenBinwhichConwhichDonthatSeptember18,1931isthedaywe'llneverforget.AwhenBonwhichConthatDthatAwhichBtheonewhatCtheoneDonewhichAwhichBtheonewhatCtheoneDonewhichAwhichBtheonewhatCtheoneDonewhichAwhichBtheonewhatCtheoneDonewhichIknowaplacewecanhaveaquiettalk.AwhichBwhereCchenDthatIsthereanyfruitshopnearbywecanbuysomefruits?AatthatBatwhereCwhicnDatwhichIseenoreason---thiscannotbedonerightnow.AbutBwhyChowDwhichThebuildingallolderuniversityteacherspreferlookssobeautiful.AatwhichBwhereCwhichDonwhichYoumaystayyoulike.AforhowlongBforwhichlongCatwhichDwhereTheonlylanguageiseasytolearnisthemothertongue.AwhichBwhoseCthatDitHaveyouseenthegirl?AthatItoldBItoldyouofCwhomItoldyouDItoldyouofhimThedictionaryissoldoutinthebookshop.AyouneedBwhichyouneeditCwhatyouneedDthatyouneeditIsthistheshopsellschildren'sclothing?AwhatBwhichCinwhichDwhereThecompanyIvisitedlastyearwasnottheoneIonceworked?AwhichwhichBwherewhichCwhichwhereDwherewhereTheorphancamefromHenanProvince,isfarawayfromhere.AwhichBthatCwhereDinwhichTheyrelyonthemselves,—ismuchbetterAwhatBthatCwhoDwhichYouaretheverymantheyarelookingforatthemoment.AthatBwhichCwhomDwhoHesaidhehadredabook,wasalieAaboutwhichBwhichCofwhichDofcoursesisTheyaretheboysIwenttoschoolwith.AwhichBwhereCwhomDwhenweknow,morethan70percentoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.AWhichBAsCBecauseDThatHewasinatrafficjam,madehimlateforschool.AthatBwhatChowDwhichIdon'tlikethepeoplelosetheirtempereasily?AwhoseBwhichCwhomDwhoYou'dbettermakeamarkyouhaveanyquestionsyoureadabook.AintheplacewhileBtotheplacewhereCwhere/DintheplacewherewhenThereasonhewaslateforschoolwasthathehadbeenknockeddownbyabike.AwhyBwhereCwhenDthatThatwasIwanted.AwhichBthanCasDbutAwhichBthanCasDbutThisisthelargestclockintheworld,theminutehandis6meterslong.AwhereBofwhichCwhoseDwhichLook!Thedictionary,isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbyfather.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecoverDoyoustillrememberoneeveningaweekago---Icametoyourroomandborroweddaamondnecklace?AthatBwhichCwhenDwhereWhichappledoyouwant?Iwantthebiggestisontheplate.AoneBwhichCitDthatShedidn'ttellusthereasonshehadgivenupthechance?AforthatBforwhichCforitDbecauseofwhichWhocanthinkofasituationtheidiomisofenused.AwhereBwhichCthatDhowTheyarecarryingsomeemptyboxesthesebookswillbeplaced.AinwhichBinwhatCinthereDatwhichBamboogrowsbestintheplaceitiswarmandrainsoften.AwhichBwhereCthatDasIsthisfactorysomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastSunday?AthatBwhereCwhichDtheoneIsthisthefactoryyouvisitedlastmonth?AthatBwhereCinwhichDtheoneIsthisthefactoryheworked20yearsago?AthatBwhereCwhichDtheoneThosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.AlearnBwhoCthatlearnsDwholearnCanyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?AthatyoutalkedByoutalkedaboutitCwhichyoutalkedwithDyoutalkedaboutAnyonethisopinionmayspeakout.AwhoisagainstBwhoareagainstCwhoagainstDthatagainstAroomwedoexperimentsisalab.AwhereBthatCwhichDinthatMr.HerpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoinChina.AworksBisworkingCareworkingDhasbeenworkingShehadtwodaughters,becamedoctors.AallofthemBbothofthemCallofwhomDbothofwhomDon'ttalkaboutsuchthingsyouarenotsureof.AthatBwhatCthoesDasTheytalkforaboutanhourofthethingsandpersonstheyremembered.AwhichBthatCwhomDwhoThechildrenwereallinterestedintheyhadseenintheexhibition.AwhichBthatallCallwhatDallthateastofwhichstudents.eastofwhichstudents.Dgametheylikeisknowntousall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.AThisBThatCItDAsChildrenshouldnothavemoremoneyisneeded.AthanBthatCthatDwhoseThisistheverychildparentswerekilledinthewar.Awh