組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)課件

組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)第一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與1LearningObjectives

Thecompositionofblood(血液).

Thestructure,functionandnormalvalues(正常值)oftheformedelementsofblood(血液有形成分).Hematopoiesis(血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生).

Thehematopoietictissue(造血組織)andthehematopoieticstemcells(造血干細(xì)胞).Theproductionandsignificanceoflymph(淋巴).第二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/32LearningObjectivesThecompos*aspecializedformofC.T.*acirculatingtissue*asatransportingmedium*atotalvolumeabout5litersin healthadultINTRODUCTION第三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/33*aspecializedformofC.T.INComponentsofblood血液的組成成分

*Formedelements------bloodcells(45%)

*Intercellularsubstance------plasma(55%)

Erythrocytes紅細(xì)胞 Leukocytes白細(xì)胞 Platelets血小板H2O(90%)Plasmaproteins:albumin白蛋白,globulin球蛋白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Others:第四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/34Componentsofblood血液的組成成分*血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-------

plasmaLeukocytes+Platelets

--------Erythrocyte(Redbloodcell)anticoagulant(heparin)

抗凝劑（肝素）

第五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/35血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-----血塊、血清—Serum血清

—withoutanticoagulant

Clotting無纖維蛋白原第六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/36血塊、血清—Serum血清—withoutantico血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L

；女（3.5—5.0）×1012/L（350-500萬個/ul)白細(xì)胞(4.0—10)×109

/L或4千-1萬個/ul血小板（100—300）×109

/L

（或10-30萬個/ul）

有粒白細(xì)胞

無粒白細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞0.5-3%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞0-1%淋巴細(xì)胞25-30%單核細(xì)胞3-8%血液有形成分正常值血象(hemogram)：血細(xì)胞的形態(tài)、數(shù)量、百分比及血紅蛋白的含量.血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。第七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/37血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L；Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)組成。與酸性染料伊紅結(jié)合，染粉紅色；與堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)結(jié)合，染紫藍(lán)色。

Giemsa染色法（吉姆薩染色法）:吉姆薩染液由伊紅，天青組成。

血涂片bloodsmear:觀察血細(xì)胞形態(tài)染色方法:Wright或Giemsa染色第八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/38Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC）

1.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)2.血型3.功能4.壽命5.網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞第九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/39一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodceMatureErythrocyte

*biconcavediscshape,

providing

greatersurfacearea;

*nonucleusandorganelles;

*

Hemoglobin(Hb

);

*deformability.SEMSize:

7.5~8.5μm(diameter)Number:

Male:4.2~5.5×1012/L(Hb:120~150g/L) Female:3.5~5.0×1012/L(Hb:110~140g/L)第十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/310MatureErythrocyteSEMSize:7.第十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/311第十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3112．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原

A型：有A型抗原

B型：有B型抗原

O型：無A型、B型抗原

AB型：有A型、B型抗原3．功能:

紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶O２和CO２的功能，由血紅蛋白執(zhí)行。4．壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命約為120天。溶血(hemolysis)血影（erythrocyteghost）:溶血后殘留的紅細(xì)胞膜囊。第十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3122．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原3．功能:紅細(xì)

*notfullymatureRBC*0.51%ofatotalnumberofRBC*nonucleus*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*remainingHbsynthesis*ClinicsignificanceReticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞

第十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/313*notfullymatureRBCReticu

PathologicalconditionsNumberSizeShapeHbAnemia貧血

Erythrocytosis紅細(xì)胞增多癥

Spherocytosis;SicklecellanemiaThalassemia（地中海貧血）Large/smallcellanemia第十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/314 PathologicalconditionsAnemia

Sickle-cellanemiaisapainfuldiseaseinwhichRBCsbecomecrescentshapedduetoinheritanceofanabnormaltypeofhemoglobin.SickledRBCsbreakdown,releasinghemoglobinintothecirculation.第十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/315

NormalRBCSickledRBC鐮狀第十六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/316NormalRBC第十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/317第十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/317Typically,theaffectedRBCsaresmall,sphericallyshaped,andlackthelightcentersseeninnormalRBCs.

Spherocytosis第十八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/318Typically,theaffectedRBCsaGeneralcharacteristicofleukocytes

*sphericalshape *possesnuclei *presenceoforganelles *atotalnumberlessthanthatoferythrocytes*exhibitingamoeboidmovement *involvinginbodydefensesandimmunity二、白細(xì)胞（leukocyte,whitebloodcell，WBC）第十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/319Generalcharacteristicofleuk

第二十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/320第二十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/32Classification *Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞 neutrophils5070%中性粒細(xì)胞 eosinophils0.53%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞 basophils01%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞 *Agranularleukocytes無粒白細(xì)胞 lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞 monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞第二十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/321Classification第二十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三

Neutrophil

Size:1012μm(diameter)

Morphology形態(tài)

nucleus：highlymorphonuclear

rod-like

2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young old

cytoplasm：

specificgranules:80%,small azurophilicgranules:20%,lysosome溶酶體

Neutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞

(嗜天青顆粒)第二十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/322NeutrophilNeutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）第二十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/323中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）第二中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulatednuclei

Rod-likenucleusazurophilicgranules*fine,uniform細(xì)膩，均勻

*evenlydistributed*pinkstainingCharateristicsofspecificgranules:第二十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/324中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulatSpecificgranules(80%,samll)contain:alkalinephosphatase堿性磷酸酶

*Phagocytin吞噬素*lysozyme

溶菌酶AzurophilicG.(large,less)containing:acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶*

Peroxidase過氧化物酶Neutrophil(EM)第二十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/325Specificgranules(80%,samll)FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)趨化性:Attractedbychemotacticfactor(releasedbymacrophages)Phagocytosis&destroybacteria:

吞噬和殺滅細(xì)菌

thenumberofleukocytes↑

acute

the%ofneutrophils↑

bacteriainfection

第二十六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/326FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)Size:

1012μm(diameter)LM:nucleus:

lobulated;Sorirregular; obscuredoutlinecytoplasm:basophilicgranules

*variablesize*unevendistribution*strongbasophiliaCharacteristicBasophil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞第二十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/327Size:1012μm(diameter)*

Basophil

E.M.:

Basophilicgranulescontain:*heparin*

histamineF.N.:

*

anticoagulate*

responsibletoallergicreactionnucleus第二十八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/328BasophilE.M.:nucleus第二十八頁，Size:1015μm(diameter)LM: -usuallybilobednucleus-eosinophilicgranules

*strongeosinophilia(reddish) *coarseandrefractile

*uniformsizeandevenlydistributedEosinophils嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞Characteristic第二十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/329Size:1015μm(diameter) *s（電鏡）

Eosinophilicgranules(primarylysosomes)whichcontainsubstances:

*acidphosphatase *arylsulphatase芳基硫酸酯酶 *Peroxidase *histaminase組胺酶nucleusEosinophilicgranules

withcrystalloidinthecenter(EM)第三十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/330（電鏡） Eosinophilicgranules(pFunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）

attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcellsPhagocytize（吞噬）

foreignbodies,Ag-AbcomplexAnti-allergy（抗過敏）

Releasehistaminase，inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAnti-parasite

（抗寄生蟲）

Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedw/allergicreactionorparasite

第三十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/331FunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）第三十一頁，編Neutrophils:

*ruffledmembranemovement*chemetaxis*phagocytosis

Eosinophils:anti-parasite;anti-allergyBasophils:

*anticoagulation; *involvinginallergicresponseFunctionofgranularleukocytes第三十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/332Neutrophils:FunctionofgranuSize:

1420μm(diameter)Nucleus:large,eccentric,lightstaining, deepindentation,horseshoe

cytoplasm：

abundant，gray-bluestaining, weakbasophilia, numerouspurplegranules(azurophilicG)Monocyte單核細(xì)胞第三十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/333Size:1420μm(diameter)Mono第三十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/334第三十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/334

Smallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrionRER,Lysosomes(azurophilicgranule)contain:*Peroxidase*Acidphoshpatase*Lysozyme

溶菌酶(EM模式圖）nucleusMonocyteunderEM第三十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/335

Smallpseudopodia,microvillFunctionof

monocyte

-differentiateintomacrophages.phagocytosisimmuneresponsegiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,whichareabletodissolvebone.

第三十六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/336Functionofmonocyte-differeLymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:small6～8μm;medium-sized9～12μm;large13～20μmSmalllymphocyte(90%):LM:Roundorovoid;

Nu.:

sphericity,indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.

Cytoplasm:

scanty,asathinriminlight-bluew/azurophilicgranules

第三十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/337Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:sma*alargenumberoffreeribosomes,*afewmitochondria,andotherorganelles*exhibitingsmallcytoplasmicprojectionsinthesurfaceofcells.(EM模式圖）nucleusLymphocyteunderEM

第三十八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/338*alargenumberoffreeribosClassification*function#

T-Cell:75%cellularimmunityB-Cell:10-15%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefenceClassification&Function第三十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/339Classification*三、血小板（bloodplatelet,thrombocyte）Megakaryocyte’sfragment,inclumpsLM:2～4μm，disc-likeorirregular,anucleated.

Tworegions:

①Granulomere:centrally-located,purple-bluegranules.②Hyalomere:peripherallylocated,inlight-blue.第四十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/340三、血小板（bloodplatelet,throm①cellcoat:richinglycoproteinsassociatedtoplateletadhesion;②M.T.system:

a.openingtubulesystem開放小管系統(tǒng):toincreasethesurfaceareaforplateletadhesion.

b.densetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素E.M.:第四十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/341①cellcoat:richinE.M.:第四十一頁③actin-likeM.F微絲:

mobile.④granules:

a.αgranules(specialgranules):containingplateletderivedgrowthfactor,PDGF;thrombospondin.

b.densegranules致密顆粒:

serotonin(5-HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenaline腎上腺素第四十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/342③actin-likeM.F微絲:第四十二頁，編輯于FunctionHemostasia止血:

2.

Coagulation凝血:3.

Protect

bloodvesselendothelium,repairingendothelium,preventatherosclerosis(動脈硬化)第四十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/343FunctionHemostasia止血:第四十三頁，Slidesreview第四十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/344Slidesreview第四十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十第四十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/345第四十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/345五、骨髓和血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生

（bonemarrowandhematopoiesis）

Hematopoieticorgan造血器官

yolksac卵黃囊（earlyembryo)→Liver肝/spleen脾(6w—5m)

→bonemarrow骨髓(4mandafter)Structureofbonemarrow

骨髓的結(jié)構(gòu)

redbonemarrow:hematopoietictissue造血組織

+bloodsinusoid血竇

yellowbonemarrow:adiposetissue脂肪組織

+immaturehemocyte血細(xì)胞第四十六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/346五、骨髓和血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生

（bonemarrowandRedbonemarrow

hematopoietictissue:造血組織reticularc.t.+hemocytesinvariousstage,macrophages,adipocytes,mesenchymalcells

bloodsinusoid:血竇discontinuousendothelia,incompleteBM第四十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/347RedbonemarrowhematopoieticHemopoieticstemcell(HSP)andHemopoieticprogenitorcell(HPC)Hemopoieticstemcell

self-replicationpowerfulproliferationpotencymulti-differentiationPotency

Hemopoieticprogenitorc.UnipotentialorbipotentialProducematruebloodc.Erythrocytesseriesgranulocyteseriesmonocyteseriesmegakaryocyte

series*Lymphocytesderivedfromlymphaticorgans&tissues第四十八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/348Hemopoieticstemcell(HSP)第四十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/349第四十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/349Pb:原紅Be:早幼紅Pe:中幼紅晚幼紅Erythrocyteseries第五十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/350Pb:原紅Be:早幼紅Pe:中幼紅晚幼紅ErythrocytMb:原粒Pm:早幼粒MbM,Mb:中幼粒M1：晚幼粒Neutrophilicseries第五十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/351Mb:原粒Pm:早幼粒MbM,Mb:中幼粒NeutrophiMorphologiccriteriaofhaemopoiesis

①Stages:

theoriginalstage原始階段

theinfantstage幼稚階段

thematurestage成熟階段

②Cellvolume:↓,megakaryocytes:↑

③cytoplasm:↑，ratioofNu./cytoplasm:↓第五十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/352Morphologiccriteriaofhaemop④Nucleus:

size↓(RBC:abesent;megakaryocytes↑）

nucleoli:number&size↓,untildisappear

chromatin:fine&scanty→coarse&dense;

staining:pale→deep⑤S.Gingranulocytes&Hbinerythrocytes:↑

otherorganellesinredcell↓untildisappear⑥mitoticability:↓,untildisappear（but

分裂能力

lymphocyte)第五十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/353④Nucleus:第五十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2Questionsforreview

1、Reticulocyte2、Monocyte3、Comparethemorphologicstructureandfunctionofgranulocytes.4、簡述紅細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和功能。5、簡述白細(xì)胞的分類原則、分類及所占百分比。第五十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/354Questionsforreview1、Reticul謝謝第五十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。謝謝第五十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。55組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)第一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語教學(xué)組織學(xué)與56LearningObjectives

Thecompositionofblood(血液).

Thestructure,functionandnormalvalues(正常值)oftheformedelementsofblood(血液有形成分).Hematopoiesis(血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生).

Thehematopoietictissue(造血組織)andthehematopoieticstemcells(造血干細(xì)胞).Theproductionandsignificanceoflymph(淋巴).第二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/357LearningObjectivesThecompos*aspecializedformofC.T.*acirculatingtissue*asatransportingmedium*atotalvolumeabout5litersin healthadultINTRODUCTION第三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/358*aspecializedformofC.T.INComponentsofblood血液的組成成分

*Formedelements------bloodcells(45%)

*Intercellularsubstance------plasma(55%)

Erythrocytes紅細(xì)胞 Leukocytes白細(xì)胞 Platelets血小板H2O(90%)Plasmaproteins:albumin白蛋白,globulin球蛋白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Others:第四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/359Componentsofblood血液的組成成分*血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-------

plasmaLeukocytes+Platelets

--------Erythrocyte(Redbloodcell)anticoagulant(heparin)

抗凝劑（肝素）

第五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/360血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-----血塊、血清—Serum血清

—withoutanticoagulant

Clotting無纖維蛋白原第六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/361血塊、血清—Serum血清—withoutantico血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L

；女（3.5—5.0）×1012/L（350-500萬個/ul)白細(xì)胞(4.0—10)×109

/L或4千-1萬個/ul血小板（100—300）×109

/L

（或10-30萬個/ul）

有粒白細(xì)胞

無粒白細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞0.5-3%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞0-1%淋巴細(xì)胞25-30%單核細(xì)胞3-8%血液有形成分正常值血象(hemogram)：血細(xì)胞的形態(tài)、數(shù)量、百分比及血紅蛋白的含量.血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。第七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/362血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞：男（4.0—5.5）×1012/L；Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)組成。與酸性染料伊紅結(jié)合，染粉紅色；與堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)結(jié)合，染紫藍(lán)色。

Giemsa染色法（吉姆薩染色法）:吉姆薩染液由伊紅，天青組成。

血涂片bloodsmear:觀察血細(xì)胞形態(tài)染色方法:Wright或Giemsa染色第八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/363Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC）

1.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)2.血型3.功能4.壽命5.網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞第九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/364一、紅細(xì)胞（erythrocyte,redbloodceMatureErythrocyte

*biconcavediscshape,

providing

greatersurfacearea;

*nonucleusandorganelles;

*

Hemoglobin(Hb

);

*deformability.SEMSize:

7.5~8.5μm(diameter)Number:

Male:4.2~5.5×1012/L(Hb:120~150g/L) Female:3.5~5.0×1012/L(Hb:110~140g/L)第十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/365MatureErythrocyteSEMSize:7.第十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/366第十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3112．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原

A型：有A型抗原

B型：有B型抗原

O型：無A型、B型抗原

AB型：有A型、B型抗原3．功能:

紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶O２和CO２的功能，由血紅蛋白執(zhí)行。4．壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命約為120天。溶血(hemolysis)血影（erythrocyteghost）:溶血后殘留的紅細(xì)胞膜囊。第十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3672．ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng)：紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原3．功能:紅細(xì)

*notfullymatureRBC*0.51%ofatotalnumberofRBC*nonucleus*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*remainingHbsynthesis*ClinicsignificanceReticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞

第十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/368*notfullymatureRBCReticu

PathologicalconditionsNumberSizeShapeHbAnemia貧血

Erythrocytosis紅細(xì)胞增多癥

Spherocytosis;SicklecellanemiaThalassemia（地中海貧血）Large/smallcellanemia第十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/369 PathologicalconditionsAnemia

Sickle-cellanemiaisapainfuldiseaseinwhichRBCsbecomecrescentshapedduetoinheritanceofanabnormaltypeofhemoglobin.SickledRBCsbreakdown,releasinghemoglobinintothecirculation.第十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/370

NormalRBCSickledRBC鐮狀第十六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/371NormalRBC第十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/372第十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/317Typically,theaffectedRBCsaresmall,sphericallyshaped,andlackthelightcentersseeninnormalRBCs.

Spherocytosis第十八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/373Typically,theaffectedRBCsaGeneralcharacteristicofleukocytes

*sphericalshape *possesnuclei *presenceoforganelles *atotalnumberlessthanthatoferythrocytes*exhibitingamoeboidmovement *involvinginbodydefensesandimmunity二、白細(xì)胞（leukocyte,whitebloodcell，WBC）第十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/374Generalcharacteristicofleuk

第二十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/375第二十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/32Classification *Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞 neutrophils5070%中性粒細(xì)胞 eosinophils0.53%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞 basophils01%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞 *Agranularleukocytes無粒白細(xì)胞 lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞 monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞第二十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/376Classification第二十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三

Neutrophil

Size:1012μm(diameter)

Morphology形態(tài)

nucleus：highlymorphonuclear

rod-like

2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young old

cytoplasm：

specificgranules:80%,small azurophilicgranules:20%,lysosome溶酶體

Neutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞

(嗜天青顆粒)第二十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/377NeutrophilNeutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）第二十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/378中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖（示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老）第二中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulatednuclei

Rod-likenucleusazurophilicgranules*fine,uniform細(xì)膩，均勻

*evenlydistributed*pinkstainingCharateristicsofspecificgranules:第二十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/379中性粒細(xì)胞（血涂片）NeutrophilsLobulatSpecificgranules(80%,samll)contain:alkalinephosphatase堿性磷酸酶

*Phagocytin吞噬素*lysozyme

溶菌酶AzurophilicG.(large,less)containing:acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶*

Peroxidase過氧化物酶Neutrophil(EM)第二十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/380Specificgranules(80%,samll)FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)趨化性:Attractedbychemotacticfactor(releasedbymacrophages)Phagocytosis&destroybacteria:

吞噬和殺滅細(xì)菌

thenumberofleukocytes↑

acute

the%ofneutrophils↑

bacteriainfection

第二十六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/381FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)Size:

1012μm(diameter)LM:nucleus:

lobulated;Sorirregular; obscuredoutlinecytoplasm:basophilicgranules

*variablesize*unevendistribution*strongbasophiliaCharacteristicBasophil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞第二十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/382Size:1012μm(diameter)*

Basophil

E.M.:

Basophilicgranulescontain:*heparin*

histamineF.N.:

*

anticoagulate*

responsibletoallergicreactionnucleus第二十八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/383BasophilE.M.:nucleus第二十八頁，Size:1015μm(diameter)LM: -usuallybilobednucleus-eosinophilicgranules

*strongeosinophilia(reddish) *coarseandrefractile

*uniformsizeandevenlydistributedEosinophils嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞Characteristic第二十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/384Size:1015μm(diameter) *s（電鏡）

Eosinophilicgranules(primarylysosomes)whichcontainsubstances:

*acidphosphatase *arylsulphatase芳基硫酸酯酶 *Peroxidase *histaminase組胺酶nucleusEosinophilicgranules

withcrystalloidinthecenter(EM)第三十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/385（電鏡） Eosinophilicgranules(pFunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）

attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcellsPhagocytize（吞噬）

foreignbodies,Ag-AbcomplexAnti-allergy（抗過敏）

Releasehistaminase，inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAnti-parasite

（抗寄生蟲）

Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedw/allergicreactionorparasite

第三十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/386FunctionChemotaxis（趨化性）第三十一頁，編Neutrophils:

*ruffledmembranemovement*chemetaxis*phagocytosis

Eosinophils:anti-parasite;anti-allergyBasophils:

*anticoagulation; *involvinginallergicresponseFunctionofgranularleukocytes第三十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/387Neutrophils:FunctionofgranuSize:

1420μm(diameter)Nucleus:large,eccentric,lightstaining, deepindentation,horseshoe

cytoplasm：

abundant，gray-bluestaining, weakbasophilia, numerouspurplegranules(azurophilicG)Monocyte單核細(xì)胞第三十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/388Size:1420μm(diameter)Mono第三十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/389第三十四頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/334

Smallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrionRER,Lysosomes(azurophilicgranule)contain:*Peroxidase*Acidphoshpatase*Lysozyme

溶菌酶(EM模式圖）nucleusMonocyteunderEM第三十五頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/390

Smallpseudopodia,microvillFunctionof

monocyte

-differentiateintomacrophages.phagocytosisimmuneresponsegiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,whichareabletodissolvebone.

第三十六頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/391Functionofmonocyte-differeLymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:small6～8μm;medium-sized9～12μm;large13～20μmSmalllymphocyte(90%):LM:Roundorovoid;

Nu.:

sphericity,indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.

Cytoplasm:

scanty,asathinriminlight-bluew/azurophilicgranules

第三十七頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/392Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:sma*alargenumberoffreeribosomes,*afewmitochondria,andotherorganelles*exhibitingsmallcytoplasmicprojectionsinthesurfaceofcells.(EM模式圖）nucleusLymphocyteunderEM

第三十八頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/393*alargenumberoffreeribosClassification*function#

T-Cell:75%cellularimmunityB-Cell:10-15%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefenceClassification&Function第三十九頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/394Classification*三、血小板（bloodplatelet,thrombocyte）Megakaryocyte’sfragment,inclumpsLM:2～4μm，disc-likeorirregular,anucleated.

Tworegions:

①Granulomere:centrally-located,purple-bluegranules.②Hyalomere:peripherallylocated,inlight-blue.第四十頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/395三、血小板（bloodplatelet,throm①cellcoat:richinglycoproteinsassociatedtoplateletadhesion;②M.T.system:

a.openingtubulesystem開放小管系統(tǒng):toincreasethesurfaceareaforplateletadhesion.

b.densetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素E.M.:第四十一頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/396①cellcoat:richinE.M.:第四十一頁③actin-likeM.F微絲:

mobile.④granules:

a.αgranules(specialgranules):containingplateletderivedgrowthfactor,PDGF;thrombospondin.

b.densegranules致密顆粒:

serotonin(5-HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenaline腎上腺素第四十二頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/397③actin-likeM.F微絲:第四十二頁，編輯于FunctionHemostasia止血:

2.

Coagulation凝血:3.

Protect

bloodvesselendothelium,repairingendothelium,preventatherosclerosis(動脈硬化)第四十三頁，編輯于星期四：點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/398FunctionHemostasia止血:第四十三頁，