冀教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

冀教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)冀教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)冀教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)xxx公司冀教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度lesson11.What'stheweatherliketoday?這句是用來(lái)詢問(wèn)天氣的一個(gè)常用句子，還可以說(shuō)成：Howistheweather?2.Itwillbesnowyandhottoday.snowy是形容詞，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名詞snow+y構(gòu)成，類似的詞還有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirdy;healthy;3.What'sthetemperature?問(wèn)溫度是多少時(shí)，不用howmany\much，要用what4.Ihopenot.它的肯定形式為Ihopeso.類似的表達(dá)法有：I'mafraidso.\I'mafraidnot.Ithinkso\Idon'tthinkso.5.I'mscaredofthunder.bescaredofsb.\sth.害怕某人或某物。這里scared是過(guò)去分詞，作形容詞。如：I'mscaredofwildanimals.scare還可以作動(dòng)詞。如：Youscaredme.lesson21.What'sthedatetoday?It'sMarchtwenty-first.What'sthedate是用來(lái)詢問(wèn)日期的一個(gè)常用句子，也可以說(shuō)成：Whatistoday'sdate

如果詢問(wèn)星期要用Whatdayistoday\Whatdayisittoday

2.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.become是系動(dòng)詞，與get一樣，常接形容詞作表語(yǔ)；與get不同的是它還可以接名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示身份的變化。應(yīng)為：成為。如：Thedaysarebecoming\gettinglongerinsummer.Hebecamealawyerin1998.3.Thetemperaturegoesup!goup意思是上升，與rise同義，與godown或set相反。如：thesungoesup\risesintheeastandgoesdown\setsinthewest.4.Thundermakesaloudnoise.makeanoise意思是發(fā)出聲響，吵鬧。如：Thebabyissleeping.Don'tmakeanoise.Youshouldn'tmakeanoiseinclass.lesson31.SpringhasarrivedinShijiazhuang.arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是到達(dá)。arrivein+大地點(diǎn)（國(guó)家、地區(qū)、城市）arriveat+小地點(diǎn)（學(xué)校、商店、車(chē)站、郵局等類似地點(diǎn)），地點(diǎn)為副詞時(shí)in\at要省去。如：HearrivedinParis.Thetrainarrivedatthestation.Theyarrivedhomeearly.reach表示到達(dá)時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，直接與到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)(n)連用。如：HereachedParis.Thetrainreachedthestation.getto表示到達(dá)時(shí)，后跟副詞表示的地點(diǎn)時(shí)to要省去，如：Hegetsthereontime.2.EverymorningIseemanypeopleintheparkexercising.seesb.doingsth.表示看見(jiàn)某人在做某事，如：Canyouseethemplayingfootballoverthere?seesb.dosth.表示看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)某事，如：Ioftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.這樣的詞還有：hear;watch;notice等。3.Thesunwillsetinaboutfifteenminutes.in是介詞，表示在...以后，用于將來(lái)時(shí)，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的名詞。此時(shí)，不能用after替換in.如：Hewillbebackintwodays.Theywillfinishtheworkintenmonths.4.Wewon'tseeanyflowersuntilMay.not...until...意思是直到...才...。until可以作介詞或連詞。如：Theydidn'tleaveuntiltheyfinishedthework.Hewon'tgotobeduntil11o'clock.5.Nextmonth,maybewewillplayinourshortsandT－shirts!in表示穿著，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服顏色的名詞，意思是穿著...顏色的衣服。如：Thegirlinthehatismysister.Theyareplayinginnewclothes.Ourteacherisinareddresstoday.Allofthemareinblack.lesson41.Weatheriswarming,...這里warm是動(dòng)詞，意思是變暖，它也可用作形容詞，如：It'swarminspring.It'sgettingwarmerdaybyday.2.onebyone一個(gè)接一個(gè)地如Youcanplanttheseedsonebyone.類似的詞語(yǔ)還有：yearbyyear;daybyday.3.Seeitbringtheseason'schange.seesb.\sth.dosth.看到某人或某事物做過(guò)某事，change這里是名詞，它也可以做動(dòng)詞，如：Hechangedhisclothes.lesson51.Let'sgocycling.gocycling=gotorideabike去騎車(chē)。如：HeoftengoescyclingonSunday.let'sdosth.表示讓某人做某事let'snotdosth.讓某人不要做某事，如：Let'shavearest.Let'snotgothere.2.Howaboutbaseball,then?how\whatabout+n\pron\doingsth.如：Ilikespring.Howaboutyou?WhataboutacupofcoffeeHowaboutopeningthewindow

3.Theballalwayshitsmeonthehead.hitsb.onthe+身體部位，表示打在某人的某個(gè)部位，如：Hehitmeonthehead.Hewassoangrythathehitmaryintheface.4.ShallweplaysoccerShallwe\I...表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，可以...嗎；...好嗎。如：ShallwegoswimmingShallIsitherelesson61.DannyisbabysittinghiscousinDebieattheplayground.babysitting是雙寫(xiě)t+ing而來(lái)的，這樣的詞還有：swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；attheplayground也可以說(shuō)成in\ontheplayground.2.Holdon,Debbie!holdon可以表示稍等，別掛斷；抓緊，如：Holdonaminute.Heheldontotherope.3.Dannywillpushyou.push這里是動(dòng)詞，意思是推，它也可以用作名詞.pushsb.=givesb.apush.4.It'stimetostopswinging,debbie.stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下來(lái)做某事；如：Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.Imuststopsmoking.Whenhesawhisteacheronthestreet,hestoppedtotalktoher.Allthestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.5.Debbedgetsofftheswing.getoff...意思是從...下來(lái)，通常指下火車(chē)、巴士、輪船、飛機(jī)等，反義詞組是geton...如：Don'tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.TheywillgetoffthetraininBeijing.上、下小汽車(chē)或電梯常用getinto\outof...lesson71.Ithoughtaboutitalldayatschool.thinkabout意思是思考，考慮，想起，想到...;如:Iamthinkingaboutmyfriendinthecountry.don'tthinkaboutitanymore.2.Ithoughtthatitwouldbeeasytobabysitthere.it在此代替后面的不等式tobabysitthere,作形式主語(yǔ),如:Itisinterestingtoclimbthehill.Itishardtoanswerthequestion.3.Iwasscaredthatshewouldhurtherself,but...herself是反身代詞,意思是她自己.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)[指同一個(gè)人時(shí),賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用反身代詞.如:Shecanlookafterherself.MymothertaughtherselfEnglish.反身代詞還可以作同位語(yǔ),起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用.如:Shecandoitherself.=Sheherselfcandoit4.Myauntandunclehadmadesandwichesforustoeatattheplayground.makesth.forsb.=makesb.sth.意思是為某人制作某物.如:Iwillmakeabirthdaycakeforher.=Iwillmakeherabirthdaycake.5.sowasi.這是一個(gè)倒裝句.是由so+系動(dòng)詞\助動(dòng)詞\情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成.如:Heistall.SoamI.Theylikechinesefood.SodothetwoEnglishmen.6.Ihelpedherbrushherteethandclimbintobed.helpsb.(to)dosth.意思是幫助某人做某事,如:Ioftenhelpmymotherdothehousework.HesometimeshelpsmestudyEnglish.helpsb.withsth.也能表示幫助某人做某事,但with后面跟名詞或人稱代詞賓格,上面的句子可改寫(xiě)為:Ioftenhelpmymotherwiththehousework.HesometimeshelpsmewithmyEnglish.lesson91.Wouldyoulikesomemarkers?wouldlike意思是想要,后跟名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞不等式.如:I'dlikeacupoftea.Wouldyoulikesomebananas?I'dliketohaveanotherbook.wouldlikesb.todosth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:He'dlikemetohelphimwithhismaths.wouldyoulikesth.用來(lái)表示邀請(qǐng)某人吃喝或用什么東西,它的答語(yǔ)為:Yes,please.\No,thanks.wouldyouliketodosth.用來(lái)表示邀請(qǐng)某人做某事,它的答語(yǔ)為:(yes),I'dlike\loveto.\I'mafraidnot...\I'dloveto,but...等.2.Wouldyoupleaselendmeyourgreenmarker?wouldyouplease+動(dòng)詞原形表示請(qǐng)你...好嗎

lend是借進(jìn),常用lendsth.tosb.其反義詞為borrow,常用borrowsth.fromsb.,如Heborrowedacarfromhisfriend.Helenthisbiketohisneighbour.3.Don'tforgettodrawthesun.forgettodosth.意思是忘記去做某事,forgetdoingsth.意思是忘了做過(guò)某事,如:Don'tforgettoclosethewindowbeforeyoubeave.Heforgotclosingthewindow,sohewentbacktocloseitagain.Heforgottoturnoffthelight,soitwasonthewholenight.4.Afteryouplantaplantinapot,whatdoyoudonext?plant是一個(gè)兼類詞,既可以作動(dòng)詞,也可以作名詞.plantaplant表示種植物.類似的兼類詞還有:work;water;push等.lesson101.Flowers,leavesandstemsgrowaboveground.Rootsgrowbelowground.above是介詞,表示在...上方,比...還高.與below相反.如:Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.Today'stemperatureis10degreesbelowzero.over是在...正上方,或覆蓋在...上面,如:Thereisalampabovethedesk.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.2.Plantshaveflowersbeausetheflowersmakeseeds.because是連詞,表示因?yàn)?引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句.它不能和so連用,如:Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewassick.=Shewassicksoshedidn'tcometoschool.3.Theseedsofthericeplantfeedbillionsofpeople.hundred,thousand,million,billion等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí),用單數(shù)形式,直接修飾名詞;表示一個(gè)籠統(tǒng)的概念時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)形式,后面要與介詞of連用再接名詞.如:Hehasthreehundredbooks.Hehasreadhundredsofbooks.lesson111.Youneedtolookafterit.lookafter=takecareof意思是照顧,如:Ihavetolookafterthebaby.Canyoulookafteryourself?2.Plantsusesunlighttomakefood.tomakefood是不定式,表示目的,如:LiMingwenttobeijingtoseehisuncle.3.Gardensarefullofplants.befullof...表示盛滿...,裝滿....如:Theroomisfullofpeople.Thesebottlesarefullofwater.4.Inspring,peopleputcoversoverplantstokeepthemwarmatnight.cover用作動(dòng)詞意思是覆蓋,遮蓋,cover...with...表示用..把...覆蓋上,如:Hecoveredhisfacewithascarf.becoveredwith...被...覆蓋著.如:Theroadisusuallycoveredwithsnow.cover還可以用作名詞,表示覆蓋物,封面.如:Thebookneedsanewcover.keepsb.\sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài).如:Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.Helikesdoingthingstokeephimselfbusy.Let'skeepthewindowsopen.5.Windowsaremadeofglass.bemadeof...意思是由...制成,在制成的過(guò)程中原材料沒(méi)有發(fā)生質(zhì)的變化.bemadefrom...意思是由...制成,在制成的過(guò)程中原材料發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化.如:Mydeskmadeofwood.Booksaremadeofpaper.Paperismadefromwood.Wineismadefromwheat.lesson121.Onegroupsingsthepurplewords,andtheothergroupsingstheblackwords.one...,theother...意思是一個(gè)...另一個(gè)...,如:Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,theotherisblack.2.Theprettiestplant...prettiest是pretty的最高級(jí),如:Heisthetallestboyandsheistheprettiestgirl.3.Thatyoueverdidsee.didsee在此相當(dāng)于saw,did放在動(dòng)詞原形前起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,如:Shedoesstudyhard.Idolikecomputergames.Theydidgotohaveapicnicyesterday.4.Asthestemgrows,itmakesleaves.as在本句中表示當(dāng)...時(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句.如:HewentoutasIcamein.lesson131.Treeshelpcleantheair.It'spleasanttowalkamongthetrees.pleasant,pleased都是形容詞,表示高興的,快樂(lè)的.pleasant常用來(lái)形容事物,而pleased常用來(lái)形容人,如:Iamverypleasedyou'vedecidedtocome.among介詞,表示在...(三者以上)之間,between介詞,表示在兩者之間.2.Donutsdon'tgrowontrees.ontrees=onthetree表示樹(shù)本身所有物在樹(shù)上;inthetree表示外來(lái)物在樹(shù)上;如:Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Therearemanyapplesonthetree.3.Theshade是介詞短語(yǔ),意思是在陰涼處.類似的短語(yǔ)有inthesun;inthelight;4.Allplantstakeenergyfromthesunandmakeitintoo...意思是把...制成...,如:Wecanmakethetreeintopaper.Wecanmakecottonintocloth.make還可以構(gòu)成如下短語(yǔ)bemadeof\from\by\in等5.Withoutfood,theywouldhavenothingtoeatandtheywoulddie.without是介詞,意思是沒(méi)有,不,如Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.lesson141.Thereareabouteightythousanddifferentplantsintheworldthatpeoplecaneat.thatpeoplecaneat是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾plants,that是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,并代指plants,也可以用which來(lái)引導(dǎo).當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是人時(shí),可以用who,that,如Ilikethepresentthatyougaveme.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI'veeverread.Thewomanwhoisbabysittingthebabyismyaunt.2.Buthalfoftheworld'sfoodcomesfromonlythreeplants:race,cornandwheat.halfof...意思是...中的一半,當(dāng)它所指代的是不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),代表單數(shù).如果后面所接的是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),那么它所代表的也是復(fù)數(shù)概念.如Halfofhismoneywasspentonbooks.HalfofthebookshereareinEnglish.Halfofthestudentsinourclasslikemath.allof...;aquarterof...和它類似.3.Doctorsusemedicinetohelpsickpeople.use...todosth.意思是用...來(lái)做...,如Weuseourfeetandlegstowalk.sick是形容詞,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ);ill也是形容詞,意思相同,但只能作表語(yǔ);如Hismotherwassick\illinbed.Therearemanysickpeopleinthedoctor'swaitingroom.4.Doyouhaveahatmadeofstraw?madeofstraw是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),表示被動(dòng);如DoyouknowtheboynamedpeterThisisthecameraboughtinjapan.lesson151.Ihavealottowriteabouttoday.towrite作后置定語(yǔ),修飾alot,表示沒(méi)有做,要去做的動(dòng)作.如Ihavenothingtosay.Theyfoundaroomtolivein.Shehasnopentowritewith.2.Nowsth.newisgrowingatthetopofthestem.sth.是不定代詞,應(yīng)看作第三人稱單數(shù).形容詞修飾它時(shí)應(yīng)作后置定語(yǔ).如Sth.iswrongwithhiscomputer.Thereissth.importantintoday'snewspaper.3.Later,theheadwillturnintowheatseeds.turninto...意思是變成...如Watercanturnintoo...意思是把...變成...,如Heatturnswaterintovapor蒸汽.相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)有changeinto...,o....lesson171.SheplayswithmewhenIcomehomefromschool.playwith...意思是與...玩,玩弄...如Don'tplaywithfire,it'sdangerous.2.Iwillkeephimundermydesk.keep的意思是使某人\某物保持某種狀態(tài)或某地位.如Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.Youcan'tkeepducksintheclassroom.keep還有飼養(yǎng)...的意思,如Hekeepsbees,goatsandhensonhisfarm.3.Iwillneedtoplantatreeinmybedroom.在肯定句中動(dòng)詞need通常用作行為動(dòng)詞,如Theyneedtofinishtheprojectontime.Youneedtotakeanumbrellawithyou.在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,need即可用作行為動(dòng)詞,也可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.=Youdon'tneedtofinishthatworktoday.Doyouneedtogoout=Needyougoout

need還可以用作名詞,如Thereisagreatneedforanewbookonthissubject.Thereisnodeedforyoutostartyet.lesson181.Hewastalkingtomymum.was\were+doing是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.如Hewasn'twatchingthehamburgersatthattime.HewascookingsupperwhenIgothome.lesson191.Thezooisopen.open是形容詞,意思是開(kāi)放的,可進(jìn)入的.如Thisgardenisopentothepublic.open還可以表示開(kāi)著的,營(yíng)業(yè)的,等.如Hesleptintheroomwiththewindowopenlastnight.Theshopisn'topenonsundays.Hiscoatwasopen.Thecagesarebigandopen.2.Ithasallkindsofanimals.allkindsof意思是各種各樣的,如Allkindsofplantsweredisplayed.differentkindsof...不同種類的...;akindof...一種....;3.We'llneedourcapstoprotectusfromthetectsb.\sth.against\fromsth.意思是保護(hù)\保衛(wèi)某人或某物不受...的侵害.如Iwaswearingafurcoattoprotectmyselffromthecold.Winterwheatlyingundersnowisprotectedagainstthecold.4.Zooscanhelppeopletostopanimalsfromgoingextinct.stopsb.fromdoingsth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中from可以省去,在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中from不可省去.如Pleasedon'tstophim(from)playingbasketball.Hewasstoppedfromplayingbasketball.Wealltriedtostophim(from)smokinginbed.lesson201.Iamatthezoowatchingalltheanimals,Iwanttomakefriendswithonetoday.atthezoo在動(dòng)物園,也可用作inthezoo.makefriendswith...表示與...交朋友.2.Throwsomefoodtotheducksbythewater.Standsostillwhiletheywaddlemyway.by是介詞,意思是在...旁邊,在...附近.如:Myhouseisbytheriver.still可以作形容詞,意思是靜止的,不動(dòng)的;如:KeepstillwhileIcombyourhair.PleasestandstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.still還可以作副詞,意思是還,仍然,仍舊;如:Heisstillsleeping.Thefistisstillalive.while是連詞,意思是當(dāng)...的時(shí)候;如:ImetafriendwhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet.3.Iwantananimalfriendthatlikestojumpandrun,too.thatlikestojumpandrun是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞ananimalfriend.被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞.先行詞是人時(shí),關(guān)系詞通常用that或who\whom;先行詞是事物時(shí),關(guān)系詞通常用that或which;關(guān)系詞在從句中除作狀語(yǔ)外,可以省去.如:Edisonwasamanwhonevergaveup.SheisthegirlwhomImetattheparty.Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisateacher.Thehousewhichstandsonthehillismine.lesson211.Theygothroughtheentrance.through介詞,意思是(從...內(nèi)部)穿過(guò).across指(從...表面上)橫過(guò).如:Iwalkedacrossthesquaretothemuseum.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.2.Maybephotoswouldsurprisetheanimals.maybe意思是大概,或許.如:Maybehedoesn'tknowit'sspring.Maybeyouputtheletterinyourpocket.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和系動(dòng)詞be一起也可以表示可能是...的意思.如:Youmayberight.Ican'tfindmywatch.Itmaybeinyourpocket.3.Thendon'ttakephotosofme.takephotosofsb.意思是給某人照相.4.It'snearlynoon,andhe'sstillsleeping.nearly是副詞,意思是幾乎,差不多.如:Hurryup--it'snrarlytimeforschool.nearly和almost都表示幾乎,差不多.在多數(shù)情況下,兩者之間沒(méi)有什么差別.一般來(lái)說(shuō)almost所表達(dá)的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修飾否定詞,但可被not修飾;而almost可以和否定詞連用.5.That'swherewegoout.wherewegoout.是表語(yǔ)從句,where是引導(dǎo)詞.這樣的詞還有:wh-,that,because等.如:That'swhathesaid.That'swhyIamsoworried.Thequestioniswhetherourparentswillagree.Theproblemiswhichisheavier.Shelookedasifshewereadoctor.lesson221.Let'splayajokeonsomeonetoday.playajokeonsb.意思是開(kāi)某人的玩笑,戲弄某人.如:Weallplayajokeonhim.haveajokewithsb.意思是與某人一起開(kāi)某人的玩笑.如:Istoppedtohaveajokewithhim.makeajokeabout\ofsb.\sth.意思是拿某人(事)開(kāi)玩笑.如:Don'tmakeajokeabouthim\hisshortcomings.2.Let'stellDannythatthebeargotoutofthezoo.getout(ofsth.)意思是從...里出來(lái).另外,這個(gè)短語(yǔ)還可以表示出外走走.如Welovetogetoutintothecountrysideatweekends.Yououghttogetoutofyourhousemore.getoutofsth.\doingsth.意思是逃避責(zé)任或義務(wù),不做份內(nèi)的事,（使某人）放棄、停止或戒除（習(xí)慣等）。如IwishIcouldgetoutofgoingtothatmeeting.Ican'tgetoutofthehabitofwakingatsixinthemorning.3.Wehearditontheradio.on\overtheradio意思是通過(guò)無(wú)線電廣播。類似的短語(yǔ)有onthetelephone;onTV.4.There'safiercebearing為現(xiàn)在分詞，作bear的定語(yǔ)，有正在到來(lái)的意思，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句thatiscoming.如Thereisabaglyingontheground.Therearesomeboysplayingfootballoverthere.5.Youarejoking,aren'tyou?該句是反意疑問(wèn)句。反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成。前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。前后兩部分遵循兩個(gè)一致，一個(gè)相反原則。如Thepenisyours,isn'titHeisn'tadoctor,isheYourbrothercanswim,can'theYoudon'tstudyChiese,doyouHeneverwatchesTV,doesheTherewon'tbeanymeetingsnextweek,willthere?6.Wetrickedoutyou,Danny!trick是動(dòng)詞，意思是欺騙，欺詐。如Theyoungmantrickedmeoutof50yuan.tricksb.outof+錢(qián)數(shù)。表示騙取某人多少錢(qián)。lesson231.Oneoftheworld'sfirstzooswasinEgypt,about3500yearsago.ago作副詞表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前；before作副詞可表示從過(guò)去某一刻算起的以前。如Imethimthreedaysago.IsaidIhadmethimthreedaysbefore.before后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。如Shegottotheofficebeforefiveo'clock.Wehopetogethomebeforesixo'clock.2.Nootherpeoplecouldgo.nootherpeople可以說(shuō)成nobodyelse.如Nobodyelsecouldgothereexceptkings,queensandimportantpeople.3.Egyptisfamousforitspyramids.befamous\well-knownfor意思是以...著名;以...聞名.如Franceisfamousforitsfoodandwine.Theplaceisfomousforitshotsprings.befamousas...意思是作為...職業(yè)\身份而著名.如Heisfamousasawriter.4.Peoplewenttothezootolearnaboutanimals.tolearnaboutanimals是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ).如Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.Iwenttotheparktobreathethefreshair.5.Zoosaretheonlyplacesthatsomekindsofanimalslivein.thatsomekindsofanimalslivein是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞theonlyplaces.由于先行詞前有only,所以關(guān)系詞只能用that.lesson251.Ifillajarwithwater.fill...with...意思是用...裝滿...befilledwith...=befullof...意思是充滿...如Onhearingthenews,hereyesarefilledwithtears.Theyfilledtheholewithwater.fillin...意思是填上...;填充...;如Fillintheblanks.2.Then,Iturnthejarupsidedown.upsidedown意思是向下翻轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)如Thatpictureisupsidedown.Youholdthebookupsidedown.rightsideup意思是正面朝上.3.Ithinkthefloorwillgetwet.get作系動(dòng)詞,意思是變得,后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ).如Thedaygetslongerinspring.與get相關(guān)的詞組有:getalong\on(well)with...與...(和睦)相處.如Iamgettingalong\onwellwithmyclassmates.getawayfrom...意思是逃跑.如Thethiefgotawayfromthepolice.getback意思是返回;要回或拿回.如Afteralongholiday,hehadtogetbacktowork.Pleasegetthebookbackforme.getinto...意思是上車(chē).如Hegotintothecar.getoff...意思是下車(chē);從...下來(lái).如Hegotoffthetrain.getup意思是起床;起身;站起.如Hesuddenlygotupfromthechair.Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.gettogether意思是集合;團(tuán)聚.如Wewillgettogetherattheschoolgateandtotothepark.getthrough意思是用電話聯(lián)系上...如Ioftengetthroughtomyfriends.getto...意思是到達(dá)...如WewillgettoBeijingtomorrow.Hewillgethomebyfouro'clockthisafternoon.4.I'msurethefloorwon'tgetwet.sb.besure+that從句,意思是認(rèn)為...一定....否定形式是sb.besure+疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句.如Tomissurethathewillwinthegame.Tomisnotsurewhetherhecanwinthegame.I'mnotsurewhenhe'llcomehere.5.Wecanprovewho'sve是及物動(dòng)詞,意思是證明,證實(shí).常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):provesth.(tosb.);prove(tosb.)that...;prove...(tobe)+adj\n.如Thefacthasprovedtheman'shonestytousall.=Thefacthasprovedtousallthatthemanishonest.=Thefacthasprovedtheman(tobe)ve也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是證明\表明(自己)是...,后跟形容詞或名詞.如Mytheorywillproverightsomeday.Duringthetrip,heprovedamanwithastrongwill.6.We'lldotheexperimentandobservewhatwillhappen.observe是動(dòng)詞,意思是觀察.observesb.do\doingsth.如Iobservedherdance.WhenIpassedbythegrass,Iobservedhimwalking.lesson261.Iwillasktheclasstomakeobservationsandguesswhatwillhappen.makeobservations意思是觀察.如Whiledoingexperiments,youmustmakecarefulobservations.這個(gè)短語(yǔ)還有做觀察報(bào)告,評(píng)述,評(píng)論的意思.如OurgeographyteacherhasjustmadesomeinterestingobservationsonAfrica.observation也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞.如Sheisinhospitalunderobservation.lesson271.Next,Brianwilltakehishandoffthecardboard.takesth.offsth.意思是使某物離開(kāi)或脫離...如Wouldyoumindtakingyourfootoffmyhand?takeoff意思是起飛;脫下;匆忙離去.如Theplanetookoffat7a.m.Takeoffyourshoes,please.Hetookoffforthestationinahurry.2.Theforceisstrongenoughtoholdthewater.adj\adv+enoughtodosth.意思是足夠...以至于能做某事.如Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.=Heissuchanoldboythathecangotoschool.enough作副詞,要放在被修飾的形容詞和副詞之后;作形容詞,通常放在被修飾的名詞之前.如Thishallislargeenoughtoholdtwothousandpeople.Hewalksfastenoughtobehereintime.Hedoesn'thaveenoughmoneytogofortraveling.I'msoory,butIhaven'tenoughtimetodothejob.3.AirisstrongerthanIthought!than可作連詞或介詞,用于引入比較級(jí)的后半部分,表示比...;如Sheisabetterplayerthanshewaslastyear.Heistallerthanme.HegetsupearlierthanI(do).ratherthan意思是寧愿...,不愿...;與其...不如...如Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.4.Puteightspoonfulsofcornstarchintothebowl.spoonful是可數(shù)名詞,意思是一勺的量.如aspoonfulofsugar.類似的還有twocupfulsofmilk;afewmouthfulsoftea;ahandfulofflowers.lesson281.Thattastessogreat.taste作系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞作表語(yǔ),意思是嘗起來(lái)...如Themeattastesgood.Ittastesbetterthanlooks.2.AndIwilleatuntilmyplateisempty.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞+until\till...表示一直...直到...為止.如You'dbetterwaituntilhecomesback.IwillwatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我一直看電視直到我爸爸回來(lái)為止.瞬間性動(dòng)詞\延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞+not+until\till...表示直到...才...如Iwon'twatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我直到爸爸回來(lái)才看電電視.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.我直到爸爸回來(lái)才睡覺(jué).Hedidn'tgooutuntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到完成作業(yè)才出去.另,until\till作連詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代替.如Ishallwaithereuntilhearrives.Iwillwaituntilhereturns.lesson291.Dannyisatthepark.atthepark=inthepark2.Debbiewillhavefunlookingforthem.havefun相當(dāng)于enjoyoneself意思是玩得高興,過(guò)得愉快.如Wehadlotsoffunonthesportsgroundtoday.=Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchonthesportsgroundtoday.havefundoingsth.表示做某事有樂(lè)趣.Itis(not)funtodo\doingsth.=Thereismuch\nofunindoingsth.意思是做...有(無(wú))樂(lè)趣.如Itisfuntocookamealmyself.=There'smuchfunincookingamealmyself.Thereisnotmuchfuningoingtoapartyalone.=It'snotfuntogotoapartyalong.3.Ican'tmakeeggs.makeeggs意思是產(chǎn)卵,下蛋.還可以說(shuō)成layeggs.4.Canyoufindthem?

辨析:find,lookfor,findout,huntforfind強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果,意思是找到.如Hefoundhislostpen.lookfor強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程,意思是尋找.如Heislookingforhislostpen.findout強(qiáng)調(diào)(經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力之后)找到...;查明....Atlast,theyfoundoutwhostolethebike.huntforsb.\sth.意思是尋找某人或某物.與lookfor同義.如Thepolicearehuntingforthethief.5.Nowmybasketisfullofeggs.befullof...意思是充滿...=befilledwith...如Thebusisfullofpeople.=Thebusisfilledwithpeople.lesson301.Fillthedishhalffullofwater.half是副詞,意思是部分地,一半地,差不多.如Thebottleisonlyhalffull.half也可作形容詞,名詞,意思是半個(gè)的,一半的,一半.如halfayear=ahalfyear;halfanhour=ahalfhour;Halfofthemarealreadyhere.Twohalvesmakeawhole.2.Tomakeacandleburn,you"light"it.make\let\havesth.\sb.dosth.意思是使某物或某人做某事.如Letthecandleburnfortwoorthreeminutes.3.Asthecandleburns,itusesupoxygenintheair.1)as作連詞的各種用法as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中第二個(gè)as是連詞,它往往連接一個(gè)不完整的句子,表示比較,意思是和...一樣...;像...一樣....如Johnisashealthyashissister.表示方式,意思是像,按照,如同.如RunasIdo.Leaveitasitis.表示時(shí)間,意思是當(dāng)...的時(shí)候,一邊...一邊...,隨著.如Shesangassheworked.Isawhimashewasgettingoffthebus.Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.表示原因,意思是因?yàn)?如Asyouaretired,youbadbetterrest.表示讓步,意思是雖然,盡管.如Richasheis,heisnothappy.MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.2)usesth.up意思是用盡...,利用...;如Sheusedupthechickenbonestomakesoup.Whenthecandlestopsburning,ithasusedupalltheoxygenintheair.4.Thereisaboutone-fifthoxygenintheair,sothewaterrisesandfillsaboutone-fifthofthejar.分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)形式:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于1,分母加s.概括為口訣:分子基,分母序.分子>1,分母加s.如1/2=one/ahalf=onesecond=one-second;1/3=onethird=one-third;2/3=twothirds=two-thirds;1/4=one/aquarter=one-quarter;3/4=threequarters=three-quarters;3/5=threefifths=three-fifths;5.Thecandleholderis"holding"thecandle.hold為動(dòng)詞,意思是拿,抓,握,抱,保持,容納.如ShallIholdyourbag?Heheldabookinhishand.Heheldhisheadup.Idon'tthinkthecarwillholdyouall.lesson311.Doyouwanttosurpriseyourfriends?surprise是動(dòng)詞,意思是使驚奇,使感到意外.如Itsurprisedmetoseesomanypeoplehere.它還可以作名詞,意思是驚奇,驚訝,詫異,意外之事.常用的有兩個(gè)短語(yǔ):toone'ssurprise;insurprise.如Tomysurprisetheplansucceeded.ShelookedupinsurprisewhenIentered.surprise對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞有兩個(gè):surprised和surprising.surprised意思是感到驚奇的.如Wearesurprisedatthenews.Areyousurprised,class?WeweresurprisedtolearnthathewasFrench.surprising意思是使人驚訝的,出人意料的,驚人的.如Weknewthesurprisingfact.Wearesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.2.Thecardboardwillhokethewaterup.holdthewaterup=keepthewaterinthejar.3.Itpushesdownonusfromabove.Italsopushesuponusfrombelow.Intheexperiment,airpushesuponthecardboard.pushesup/downonsb./sth.意思的向上或下推在...上;給...一個(gè)向上或下的推動(dòng)力.3.Scienceiseresting形容詞,意思是有趣的.常用來(lái)形容事物.如It'saninterestingerested形容詞,意思是對(duì)...感興趣.常用來(lái)形容人.如Areyouinterestedinhistory?be/becomeinterestedinsth./doingsth.對(duì)(做)...感興趣.如Webecameinterestedintheinterestingstory.lesson331.Icangoalmostanywhereonfoot.anywhere在否定句中表示什么地方,某地.相當(dāng)于由somewhere變化而來(lái).如Didyougoanywhereyesterday?anywhere在肯定句中表示任何地方.如Youcangoanywhereyoulike.2.Butthatwouldtakealongtime.這里would表示假想,猜測(cè),推斷.如Iknowyouwouldn'tgetlost.take表示花費(fèi),常用于句型:Ittakes/tooksb.+時(shí)間或錢(qián)+todosth.如IttakesusthreehourstoflytoGuangzhou.take還可以表示乘坐....如Iwouldtakeatrain.ShallItakeaplanetothebakery?3.Iseldomtakeaship.Iwouldlikeamorerapidtypeoftransportation.seldom意思是很少,不常,難得.一般不用比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),可用very修飾.在句首時(shí),句子要倒裝.如SeldomdidIhearofherlastyear=Iseldomheardofherlastyear.morerapid=rapider是rapid的比較級(jí),意思是更快的.type=kind,意思是類型,種類,樣式.如Cottonisatypeofmaterial.Idon'tenjoythattypeofshow.lesson341.Inthe1760s,ascientistinEhe1760s意思是在18世紀(jì)60年代,也就是1760年-1769年.如the1990s其前要用介詞ininvent是動(dòng)詞,意思是發(fā)明.其對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是invention和inventor.如Theinventorinventedtwonewinventionslastyear.put...together意思是裝配,組成,湊成,把...組裝起來(lái).如Let'sputateamtogether.puttwoandtwotogether意思是(根據(jù)所見(jiàn)或所聞等)推測(cè)出真相.putour/your/theirheadstogether意思是交流思想,交換意見(jiàn),合議.2.Manytrainstationswerebuilttomakeiteasierforpassengerstogetonandoffthetrains.geton/off...意思是上下(公共汽車(chē),火車(chē),輪船,飛機(jī)等);getin(to)/outof...意思是上/下小汽車(chē),電梯等3.Earlytrains,liketheRocket,hadatopspeedof50kilometresperhour.top在這里是名詞作定語(yǔ),意思是頂部的,最高的,最上面的.如Putitinthetopdrawer.topspeed意思是最高速度.如Thetrainisrunningattopspeed.per意思是每,每一.如oneappleperchild.Thefruitcosts3yuanperkilo.lesson351.In1900,planeshadn'tbeeninvented.hadbeeninvented是過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),意思是在...時(shí)以前,已經(jīng)被發(fā)明.否定形式在had后加not,可縮寫(xiě)為hadn't.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是:had+been+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.如Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbeforewegottotheschool./themealhadbeencookedwhenwereachedhome.2.Howwillpeopletravel100yearsfromnow?100yearsfromnow=in100years意思是在100年后,用于一般將來(lái)時(shí).如Howmanypeoplewilltherebeontheearth50yearsfromnow=Howmanypeoplewilltherebeontheearthin50years

3.You'dbetternotinventthat,Danny!you'd是youhad的縮寫(xiě)形式,hadbetter(not)dosth.意思是最好(不)做某事.如You'dbetternotsmokehere.They'dbetterfinishtheworkatonce.4.Henryfordlikedtobehumorousandsay,"Youcanhaveitinanycolouryouwant,aslongasit'sblack."aslongas意思是只要.相當(dāng)于if,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句.如Wewillgofishingaslongasitdoesn'traintomorrow.Iwilldoitatonceaslongasyouagree.lesson361.Let'stakeadrive.takeadrive=drive意思是駕駛...takea+n=v.類似的還有:takeawalk=walk;takealook=look;takearest;takeaswim=swim等.2.getoutofthecar...getoutof...意思是從...出來(lái),其反義短語(yǔ)為getinto...另外,getoutof...還有使逃避,避免,擺脫,放棄等意思.如Shetriedtogetoutofhelpinghermother.Theteacheraskedtheboytogetoutofabadhabit.lesson