人教版高中英語必修5Unit2知識點詳解

人教版高中英語必修5Unit2知識點詳解人教版高中英語必修5Unit2知識點詳解人教版高中英語必修5Unit2知識點詳解人教版高中英語必修5Unit2知識點詳解編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Unit2TheUnitedKingdomPart1.Warmingup1.DothisquizandfindouthowmuchyouknowabouttheUK.knowabout=knowof了解beknownas…作為…而出名beknownfor…因。。。而出名Kateiswell-knownasapoet,butnorforspeeches.asfarasoneknows據(jù)某人所知makeoneselfknowntosb.自我介紹2.HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?

consistvi.組成；在于；一致consistentadj.一致的；調(diào)和的consistence=consistency一致性consistof=bemadeof由……組成注意consistof沒有被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時態(tài)。consistin...存在于……；在于……consistwith...與……一致beconsistentwith...與……一致運(yùn)用完成句子(1)這個俱樂部由大約50名會員組成。Thisclub____________about50members.(2)理論應(yīng)與實踐相一致。Theoryshould______________________________practice.(3)這個計劃妙就妙在簡明扼要。Thebeautyoftheplan_______________itssimplicity(4)你的行為和你所說的不一致。Yourconductisnot_______________whatyousay.consistsofconsistwith/beconsistentwithconsistsinconsistentwith3.WhorulestheUK..rule（1）v.統(tǒng)治，管轄；控制，支配；判定，裁定rule(over)sb./sth.統(tǒng)治者ruleonsth.對。。。判定，裁定rule+n.控制，支配Alexandriaruled(over)alargeempire.亞歷山大大帝統(tǒng)治著一個龐大的帝國。Don’tletthedesireformoneyruleyourlife.不要讓追求金錢的欲望控制了你的生活。Heletshisheartrulehishead.他感情用事。Itisuptothecourttoruleonthismatter.這件事由法院來裁定。（2）n.(官方的或公認(rèn)的)規(guī)則，章程，規(guī)章，條例It’sagainsttheruletohandletheballinfootball.用手觸球在足球比賽中是違反規(guī)則的。Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1.Englandcanbedividedintothreemaino把……分成dividesth.(out/up)between/amongsb.把某物分配給某人divideAbyBA除以B辨析o/separate...from(1)o是把一個整體分割成若干部分。(2)separate...fromseparate指把原來連在一起或靠近的人或物分離開來，常與from連用。運(yùn)用完成句子(1)我們分成幾個小組吧。Let's________________________severalgroups.(2)孩子們，你們把這個蛋糕分了吃吧。Children,________thecakeupbetween/amongyou.(3)如果你把二十除以四，那么商是五。Ifyou________20________4,theansweris5.(4)臺灣海峽把臺灣島和福建省分隔開。TheTaiwanStrait_____________Taiwandivideourselvesintodividedivideyseparatesfrom2.YoucanclarifythisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory.如果你學(xué)習(xí)了英國歷史,就能弄清楚這個問題。詞語歸納clarifyvt.闡明;解釋vi.變得清晰clarification(n.)闡明，解釋，澄清clarifyone’sposition/stand澄清某人的立場3.NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.這是“find＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。有此用法的還有keep。find+賓語+過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/副詞/介詞短語/形容詞/名詞Wefoundagroupofchildrenplayingontheplayground.(doing作賓補(bǔ))Wehavefoundhimadishonestperson.(名詞作賓補(bǔ))I'msogladtofindyouin.(副詞作賓補(bǔ))Wefoundtheshopclosed.(done作賓補(bǔ))根據(jù)中文提示完成句子(1)Ifound___________(錢包被偷了)whenIgottothecinema.(2)Whenthelittleboywokeup,hefound________(自己躺在醫(yī)院里)．mywalletstolenhimselflyinginthehospital4.HappilythiswasaccomplishedwithoutconflictwhenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell.高興的是當(dāng)蘇格蘭的James國王成為英格蘭和威爾士的國王時，這三個國家和平地實現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合。閱讀下列句子,注意accomplish的意思。Thedelegateaccomplishedtheirmissionsuccessfullyandreceivedawarmwelcomeathome.代表團(tuán)順利地完成了使命，回國受到了熱烈的歡迎。（vt.完成）Theydidn，taccomplishthepurposedesired.（vt.實現(xiàn),達(dá)到）他們沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的。Shehasaccomplished95yearsofherlife.（vt.走完,度過）她已達(dá)九十五高齡。閱讀下列句子,注意conflict的意思。TheconflictbetweentheemployerandtheworkersdrewtheattentionoftheBoardofTrade.(n.沖突，沖突)勞資糾紛引起了貿(mào)易委員會的重視。Youraccountofthemineaccidentconflictswiththereality.(vi.與……相反，抵觸)你對礦難的報道和事實相反。5.However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.然而，愛爾蘭南部并不愿意,因此脫離出去建立了自己的政府。◆詞語歸納breakawayfrom逃脫，擺脫，破除，改掉breakdown崩潰，身體垮了，（計劃）失敗，（機(jī)器等）壞了breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入breakin插話breakup破碎,破裂,（會議）結(jié)束，學(xué)期結(jié)束breakoff中斷,斷絕breakout爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生用break短語的適當(dāng)形式填空Thepoormanwassounlucky.Amonthago,somestrangers(1)_________hishouseandtookhimontoatruck.Hedidn'tknowwhotheywereandwheretheywouldgo.Alltheconnectionwithhisfamilywas(2)_________.Aftersomedays'drive,thetrucksuddenly(3)___________.Andhecaughtthechanceto(4)___________________thestrangers.brokeintobrokenoffbrokedownbreakawayfrom6.Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas(e.g.Thecurrencyandinternationalrelations),..值得贊揚(yáng)的是，雖然這四個國家的確在一些方面共同合作，例如在貨幣和國際關(guān)系上，……do/did/does+動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)用來加強(qiáng)謂語動詞的語氣，相當(dāng)于“的確；真的；務(wù)必”Docomeearlynexttime.Hedidgotherewithhisbrotheryesterday.即時強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：翻譯下面句子務(wù)必記住帶一束花來。.【答案】Doremembertobringabunchofflowers.2)那藥對病人真的有效果。.【答案】Themedicinedoeshavesomeeffectonthepatient.短語toone'scredit值得表揚(yáng)的是oncredit賒購；賒賬dosomeonecredit(或docredittosomeone)為某人增光；給某人帶來榮譽(yù)Theworkdidcredittoallofus.那項工作為我們所有人帶來榮譽(yù)。根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1)Doyouplaceanycreditinthegovernment'sstory?(2)Hehasn'tenoughcreditstogethisdegree.(3)Theyestablishedacreditfor100,000dollarsinfavourofme.(4)Althoughtheinventionwasmine,Iwasgivennocreditforit.根據(jù)語義找匹配A.信任B.借款；貸款C.贊揚(yáng)，榮譽(yù)，功勞D.學(xué)分7.Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.在這四個國家中,英格蘭最大,為了方便起見,它大致被劃分為三個地區(qū)。（1）conveniencen.方便,便利的事物,方便的時候,便利品convenientadj.方便的,便利的inconvenientadj.不方便的注意：convenient做表語時，主語不能是人。itisconvenientforsb.todosth.方便某人做某事atone’sconvenience在……方便的時候fortheconvenienceof為……方便起見beconvenienttosb.對某人方便for(thesakeof)convenience為了方便起見makeaconvenienceofsb.(乘機(jī))利用某人ifitsuitsone’sconvenience如果對某人方便conveniencefood/store方便食品/便利店◆即學(xué)即練根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。(1)Comeandseemewhenever____________.（你方便的時候）(2)Ikeepmyreferencebooksnearmydesk___________.(以求方便)(3)Gasisoneofthe_____________(現(xiàn)代化便利設(shè)施)thenewly-builtapartmentbuildingprovides.(4)Youmaycomeandgetit_____________.(你方便時)答案：(1)itisconvenienttoyou(2)forconvenience(3)modernconveniences(4)atyourconvenience翻譯句子①你如果方便就來看看我。②你明天方便開始工作嗎

①Comeandseemeifitisconvenienttoyou.②Willitbeconvenientforyoutostartworktomorrow?

（2）根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1)Theroughwavesrolledtheshipalong.(2)Theclothfeelsrough.(3)Don'tbesoroughwithher.(4)Themigrantworkershavehadaroughlife.(5)Thisisjustaroughplan.根據(jù)語義找匹配A．粗略的；大概的B．狂暴的；顛簸的；波濤洶涌的C．粗野的；粗暴的；厲害的D．粗糙的；高低不平的E．艱苦的答案(1)B(2)D(3)C(4)E(5)AIt’sapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.It’sapitythat....it作形式主語根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1)Itriedtoattractherattention,butfailed.(2)Veniceisoneofthegreattouristattractionsoftheworld.根據(jù)語義找匹配A.具有吸引力的事物B.吸引鏈接attractionn.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的東西attractiveadj.有吸引力的attractone'sattention吸引某人的注意力用attract的正確形式填空InBeijing,therearemany(1)_________,liketheGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theTian'anmenSquare.Butwhat(2)________memostistheGreatWall,whichisalso(3)________totheforeigners.Moreandmoreforeignersare(4)________bythebeautyandcometoattractionsattractsattractiveattracted9.Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth.....settlev.安家，安居；解決settlern.定居者settledadj.固定（下來）的，安定的settlementn.定居reachasettlement和解settledown定居下來settlein(使）熟悉或習(xí)慣于（新居、工作等）settleaquestion=solveaquestion解決問題It’ssettledthat....=It’snowdecided(that)....已決定10.Whichcountryisleftout?

leaveout遺漏；不提及；不包括leave…alone不管；別惹；撇下。。。一個人leaveaside擱置一邊leavefor動身去leaveoff停止某事leaveout刪去，省去leavesth.behind留下；遺忘(沒拿)；遺留leavesb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事leaveword留下話（口信）用leave短語的適當(dāng)形式填空IwasworkingbusilywhenIgotmywife'scallthattherewassomethingwrongwithmyson.SoIhadto(1)______thework______.Justthen,mysecretarycamein,tellingmesomethingaboutthetomorrow'smeeting.Ishoutedather,‘Don'ttalktome.(2)_______me______.”ThenIwrotealettertomymanagerfor3days'off.Afterthat,I(3)_____myoffice____myhometown.leaveasideLeavealoneleftfor11.Forexample,NorthernIreland,EnglandandScotlandhavedifferenteducationalandlegalsystemsaswellasdifferentfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!例如，北愛爾蘭、英格蘭、和蘇格蘭在教育體制和立法體制上都著不同。在參加世界杯之類的比賽時，他們有著各自的足球隊！復(fù)習(xí)aswellas用法12.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile.如果你想要使你的英語之旅令人愉快又不虛此行的話，你就必須留心觀察。復(fù)習(xí)keep,worthwhile及worth,worthy的區(qū)別be(well)worthdoingbeworthyofbeingdonebeworthytobedoneIt’sworthwhiletodosth.It’sworthwhiledoingsth.Part3.LearningaboutLanguagetaketheplaceof代替，取代takeplace發(fā)生；舉行（不及物動詞詞組，無被動語態(tài)）takeone’splace取代某人的職務(wù)inplaceof=insteadof代替，取代inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?；在原處inthefirstplace最初，首先，第一.用place的短語填空：(1)Weinstructedhertoleaveeverything________________，justasshefoundit.(2)MrSmithwillgotoBeijingnextmonth，whenanewEnglishteacherwillteachus__________him.(3)Sendinge-mailhasalmost________________writingletters.(4)Canyoutellmewhatchangeshave____________sincethetelephonewasinvented?答案：(1)inplace(2)inplaceof(3)takentheplaceof(4)takenplacepickup（1）拾起，撿起Jack

turned

over

the

wallet

he

had

picked

up

in

the

street

to

the

police.

杰克把在街上撿到的錢包交給了警察?

He

picked

up

the

dictionary

at

hand

and

began

to

look

up

the

new

word

in

it.

他拿起手邊的詞典開始查找這個生詞?

（2）中途搭載乘客，接人The

train

stopped

several

times

to

pick

up

passengers.

火車沿途停了好幾次,讓乘客上車?

Wait

here

and

I’ll

pick

you

up

at

two

o’clock.

在這兒等著,兩點鐘我來接你?

（3）

意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)到，獲得Looking

through

the

evening

paper

last

night,I

picked

up

a

wonderful

poem.

昨晚在瀏覽晚報時,我意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了一首好詩?

While

working

in

the

factory,the

students

picked

up

a

great

deal

of

imformation

on

machinery.

在工廠勞動期間,學(xué)生們學(xué)到了許多關(guān)于機(jī)械方面的知識?

（4）收拾，整理The

teacher

told

the

students

to

pick

up

everything

on

the

floor

and

get

the

room

tidy

before

they

went

out.

老師告訴學(xué)生們在出去之前把地上的東西收拾起來,把房間整理干凈?

（5）重提(話題)，重新開始，繼續(xù)She

picked

up

the

story

where

she

had

left

it

yesterday.

她接著昨天沒有講完的故事往下講?

He

left

for

two

years

and

then

came

back

expecting

to

pick

up

where

they

had

left

off.

他離開(她)兩年后又回來了,希望重新開始他們的關(guān)系?

（6）(從電臺?收音機(jī))收聽，接收I

managed

to

pick

up

an

American

news

broadcast.

我設(shè)法收聽到一家美國電臺的新聞廣播?

It

is

necessary

to

use

a

long

wave

radio

to

pick

up

the

“Follow

Me”

program.

必須用一臺長波收音機(jī)才能收聽到“跟我學(xué)”這個節(jié)目?

Theyhadnotimetoarrangetheirownwedding....arrangev.安排；排列；協(xié)商常用結(jié)構(gòu)：arrangefor(sth)安排,準(zhǔn)備arrangesth.forsb.為某人安排某事It’snotnecessaryforparentstoarrangeeverythingfortheirchildren.父母沒有必要為孩子安排好一切。arrangetodosth.安排做某事arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事arrangewithsb.aboutsth.與某人商定某事arrangethat+(should)dosth.安排Hearrangedthatthemeeting(should)beputoffforaweek.=Hearrangedforthemeetingtobeputoffforaweek.他已安排好將會議延期一周。語境活用Noweverythingfortheconferencetobeheldtomorrow（已準(zhǔn)備就緒）.Ihave(安排Tom開車去接)theexpertsattheairport.I’mto(安排接見)Mr.Wangafterthat.答案：hasbeenarrangedarrangedforTomtopickuparrangetomeet語法精講過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞與賓語之間的關(guān)系1.及物動詞（短語）的過去分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，賓語即是過去分詞的邏輯賓語，賓語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。例如：Iwanttheletterposted.我想把這封信寄出去。2.少數(shù)不及物動詞如go,change,fall等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，僅表示動作完成。因此，賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。例如：Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.在回家的路上，她發(fā)現(xiàn)項鏈不見了。3.動詞seat,hide,dress,lose,devote等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般表示狀語而不表示被動的意義，因此，雖然賓語與它們存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，但也只能用它們的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecorner.我進(jìn)來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生的女孩坐在角落里。需用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況1.使役動詞get,have,make,keep，leave等后，可用過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，表：“致使某人或某事被…”Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist’s.2.感官動詞feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.Isawhimbeatenbyhismother.3.表示“意欲；命令”的動詞如：like,order,want,wish,相當(dāng)于過去分詞短語前省略了tobe，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”Iwishtheseletters(tobe)typedassoonaspossibleHedidn’twantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.使役keep,leave,get,have,make看watch,notice,see,lookat,observecatch聽hear,listento,感feel聞smell發(fā)現(xiàn)find情感want,wish,like+Sth./sb.done4.有時過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，這時過去分詞改作主語補(bǔ)足語，說明主語所處的狀態(tài).Thedoorwasfoundbroken.5.“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。（表條件）Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）注意：在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)賓語為某一身體部位，且作賓補(bǔ)的動詞是及物動詞時，身體部位通常是過去分詞的邏輯賓語，因而過去分詞不可換用現(xiàn)在分詞。Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他（fixone’seyeson為固定短語，因此，不可將句中fixed換為fixing）Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。用某些不及物動詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補(bǔ)時，用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。Shefeltherheartbeatingfast.她覺得心跳很快。（beat意為“心跳”，是不及物動詞）掌握“使役動詞have+賓語＋過去分詞”的幾種含義在“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，have也可用get.這一結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下幾種含義：1.意為“主語請別人做某事”。例如：Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去檢查眼睛。（“檢查”的動作由醫(yī)生來進(jìn)行）2.意為“主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測的事情”。例如：Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.當(dāng)心，否則會弄傷手的。3.意為“使完成某事”，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語參與完成。例如：Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墻漆了。（主語自己可能參與）4..過去分詞與不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，但過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系，不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程，現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行。Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.省略to的情況：1）情態(tài)動詞(除ought外，oughtto)：2）使役動詞let,have,make：3）感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.語法專練1．LiHuahopesthathisEnglishteacherwillsuggestagoodwaytohavehisEnglish________inashortperiodoftime.A．improved B．improvingC．toimprove D．improve解析：句意為：李華希望他的英語老師提出一個好方法，能使他的英語可以在短時間內(nèi)得以提高。本題考查havesth.done這一短語的使用。因English與動詞improve之間是被動關(guān)系，故選A項。B、D項表主動關(guān)系，故排除。答案：A2．(2011·廈門市質(zhì)量檢查)Whentheministercametothesnow-strickenarea，hewashappytoseethedisastervictimswell________.A．takecareof B．tookcareofC．takencareof D．takingcareof解析：考查非謂語動詞。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和語意可以看出victims與takecareof存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動形式，在句中充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。答案：C3．(2010·上海卷)Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues________withherstories.A．a(chǎn)mused B．a(chǎn)musingC．toamuseD．tobeamused解析：句意為：Lucy很有幽默感，總是講故事讓她的同事消遣?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。首先排除C、D，因為keep后不用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。amused覺得好笑的；amusing逗人笑的，令人覺得好笑的。答案：A4．(2011·西安質(zhì)量檢測)Thegirlglancedoverhershoulderandfoundherself________byayoungmaninblack.A．wasfollowed B．followedC．following D．hadbeenfollowed解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語意可知，follow和herself之間是動賓關(guān)系，因此用動詞的過去分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。注意：found后不是句子，A、D兩項可直接排除。答案：B5．Televisionhassomanyadvantages.Itkeepsus________aboutthe________news，anditalsoprovidesentertainmentinthehome.A．informed；latest B．toknow；laterC．learning；later D．tothink；latest解析：本題考查keepsb.done的結(jié)構(gòu)以及形容詞的最高級的用法。句意為“電視有如此多的好處，它使我們知道最新的消息，而且給我們在家里提供娛樂”。根據(jù)句意可知第一個空白處應(yīng)用informed作us的賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示“我們被告知”，而thelatestnews則表示“最新消息”。答案：A6.(2012·浙江溫州第一次適應(yīng)性測試)Thebathroomlookslovely.Didyoudecorateityourselforgetsomeone__________it?

A．bedoing B．doneC．do D．todo解析：選D。該句考查getsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“讓某人做某事”，所以這里選D項。7.(2012·哈師大附中，東北師大附中,遼寧省實驗中學(xué)第一次聯(lián)考)Mrs.Whitefoundherhusbandsurroundedbylettersandpapersand__________veryworried.A．look B．looksC．looking D．tolook解析：選C。句意：懷特夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)她的丈夫被信件和文件包圍著，看起來非常擔(dān)心。surroundedbylettersandpapers和lookingveryworried都是分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，前者表示被動,后者表示主動。8.(2012·廈門市質(zhì)量檢查)WhentheMinistercametothesnowstrikenarea,hewashappytoseethedisastervictimswell________.A．takecareof B．tookcareofC．takencareofD．takingcareof解析：選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可以看出victims與takecareof存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動形式，在句中充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。9.(2012·陜西西安八校聯(lián)考)“Oncepeoplethinkyouarealiar，it’shard________，nomatterwhatyou’llsay,”fatherwarnedhisson.A．foryoutomakeyourselfbelieveB．foryoutomakeyourselfbelievedC．ofyoutomakeyourselfbelievingD．ofyoutomakeyourselfbelieve解析：選B?？疾榫湫虸tishardforsb.todosth.和詞組makeoneselfdone。句意為：父親警告兒子說：“一旦人們認(rèn)為你是個騙子，那么無論你說什么，都很難讓人相信你。”10.(2012·陜西西安質(zhì)檢)—CanIhelpyou，sir?

—I’mafraidyoucannot.Ihavemystudents’papers________.A．tobegraded B．gradedC．tograde D．grade解析：選C。所填詞作使役動詞have的賓語補(bǔ)足語，邏輯主語是have的賓語mystudents’papers，兩者是被動關(guān)系，用不定式的主動式表被動的意義,選C項。Part4.UsingLanguageWorriedaboutthetimeavailable.....(1)worriedabout...為過去分詞短語作狀語，表原因。①Well-knownforhisexpertadvice，hewasabletohelpagreatnumberofpeoplewiththeirpersonalaffairs.他的足智多謀廣為人知，因此他能幫助很多人解決私事。②Deeplymovedbythestory，thechildrenbegantocry.被故事深深地感動，孩子們開始哭了起來。③WhenIopenedthedoor，Ifoundhimseatedinthechair，absorbedinhismagazine.當(dāng)我打開門，發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在椅子上，專心看雜志。(2)availableadj.可利用的；有用的；可用到的We’vealreadyusedupalltheavailablespace.所有可用的空間我們都用上了?？傻玫降腡Vsetsareavailableinanydepartmentstore.電視機(jī)在任何一家百貨公司都能買到。有空的Thedoctorisnotavailablenow.那位醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在沒空。有效的Thisfilmticketisnolongeravailable.這張電影票不再有效。HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.delightn.快樂;高興;喜悅vt.使高興；使欣喜常用結(jié)構(gòu):take/find/havedelightin喜愛;以……為樂toone’sdelight令某人高興的是……delightin(doing)sth.喜歡（做）某事delightsb.withsth.某物使某人高興bedelightedatsth./todosth./that-clause對……感到高興Sometimesanoldmoviecanstilldelightthepeoplewhohaveasweetmemoryfortheolddays.有時一部舊片仍能給懷念舊時光的人們帶來喜悅。ThemovieXiYangyang&HuiTailanggavedelighttomillionsofchildren.電影《喜羊羊與灰太郎》使千萬小朋友獲得快樂。Hisparentsweredelightedatthenewsthathehadwonthefirstprize.Hetakesgreatdelightinprovingotherswrong.他以證實別人出錯為一大快事。(1)單項填空,thebooksellergavehimsomethingelseasapresent.A.Totheboy’sdelightB.Totheboy’ssurprisingC.Totheboy’ssadnessD.Tomaketheboy’shappy（2）翻譯句子①他的表演使觀眾感到滿意。②唱歌是她的主要愛好。③年輕人喜歡旅行。解析：(1)選A?？疾楣潭ù钆?。toone’sdelight意為“使某人高興的是”，常用的名詞有surprise,excitement,disappointment,joy等。(2)①Hedelightedtheaudiencewithhisperformance.②Singingisherchiefdelight.③Theyounghave/take/finddelightintravels.3.Thissolidstone,squaretowerhadremainedstandingforonethousandyears.這座堅實的用石頭砌的方形塔已經(jīng)屹立在那一千年了。remain的用法：用作聯(lián)系動詞，指某人或某事物仍保持某種狀態(tài)，意為“仍然；依舊”，“留；呆；住；待”，后面可接名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞作表語。接名詞作表語Itremainedasecret.這仍然是個秘密。接形容詞作表語Whateverachievementsyou’vemade,youshouldremainmodest.無論你取得多么大的成就，你都該保持謙虛。接介詞短語作表語Hehadtoremaininhospitaluntilhewasbetter.他不得不一直住院直到身體好些。接分詞作表語接過去分詞作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動動作；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示正在進(jìn)行的主動動作。Theguestscamein,butsheremainedsittingatthedeskreading.客人們都來了，但她還坐在寫字臺旁讀書。Asbefore,heremainedunmoved.他和以往一樣無動于衷。用作不及物動詞，意思是“剩下；剩余；遺留”，此時不能用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，也沒有被動語態(tài)。Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofhishouse.火災(zāi)過后，他的家所剩無幾。Aftertheearthquake,verylittleremainedofthecityofTangshan.地震過后，唐山這座城市所剩無幾。指某事“尚待、有待于以后被處置”，后面常接不定式的被動形式，表示主語是不定式的承受者。Manyproblemsremaintobesolved.有好多問題尚待解決。Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否正確，以后見分曉。remain作名詞remain作名詞時表示“剩余物”,一般用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThearcheologistsfoundsomeremainsoftheSongDynasty.考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些宋代遺跡。remaining的用法remaining是形容詞,意為“剩余的”,常作前置定語；而left則只能作后置定語。Therearestillsomeapplesleft.還剩余一些蘋果。Iboughtagiftforherwiththeremainingmoney.我用剩余的錢給她買了一件禮物。4.TherefollowedStPaul’sCathedralbuiltaftertheterriblefireofLondonin1666.接著參觀的是圣保羅大教堂，它是公元1666年倫敦大火以后建造的。句式分析Therefollowed意為接著，隨后，是倒裝句型。當(dāng)here,there位于句首時,主語是名詞且沒有賓語時,句子需要完全倒裝,即整個謂語動詞提到主語之前。與此用法相同的還有now,then,thus,in,out,away,down,up,off,back,over等。如:Awayflewtheplane.飛機(jī)起飛了。Outcamemyaunt.我姑姑出來了。句式仿寫孩子們沖了出來。Outrushedthechildren.5.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!剛建成的時候，它看起來真是金碧輝煌！whenfirstbuilt相當(dāng)于whenitwasfirstbuilt。在狀語從句中，若前后主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞，可以把從句中的主語和be動詞省略。Whenfirstintroducedtothemarket,thegoodsenjoyedawonderfulsuccess.當(dāng)首次引入市場時，這種產(chǎn)品就取得了巨大的成就。歸納拓展?fàn)钫Z從句的省略除上述情況外，還有以下幾種情形：(1)從屬連詞+形容詞。如：①Thearticleisveryimportantthough(itis)short．那篇文章雖然短，但很重要。Cometomorrowif(itis)possible．可能的話就明天來吧。(2)從屬連詞+名詞。常用的連詞有when，till和until等。如：①Pleasestopmakingrepairstothetruckuntil(youget)furthernotice．請停止修理這輛卡車，等候進(jìn)一步通知。②)While(hewas)yetayouth，hegainedmanyprizes．他年輕時就曾多次獲獎。(3)從屬連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。如：shesattherealoneasif(shewere)thinkingofsomething．她獨自坐在那兒，像是在想什么。(4)從屬連詞+副詞。如：While(hewas)there，hemadeafewgoodfriends．在那里的那段時間他結(jié)交了幾位好朋友。(5)從屬連詞+介詞短語。如：①Whenever(youare)indifficulty，youcancometomeforhelp．你無論什么時候遇到困難，都可以找我?guī)兔Α＂贖ecaughtacoldwhile(hewas)onvacation．他度假時患了感冒。6.Itcontainedstatuesinmemoryofdeadpoetsandwriters,suchasShakespeare.inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念詞匯擴(kuò)展：memoryn.記性；記憶力memorizev.記住，記憶（某事物）memorialn.紀(jì)念碑，紀(jì)念物memorableadj.值得紀(jì)念的，容易記住的7.TheseconddaythegirlvisitedGreenwichandsawitsoldshipsandfamousclockthatsetstheworldtime.第二天，(萍玉）姑娘參觀了格林尼治天文臺，看到了古老的輪船和那座著名的為世界定時的鐘。set

相關(guān)短語①set

about

（doing)開始做(某事)

The

girl

attendant

has

set

about

cleaning

the

room.

那位女服務(wù)員已開始打掃房間。

②

set

apart

分開放,

隔離開

Set

the

fighting

boys

apart.

把打架的男孩拉開。

③

set

aside

把......放置一旁,

不理會

Setting

the

chair

aside,

he

sat

on

the

floor.

他把椅子擱到一旁,

坐在地板上。

I

warn

them

not

to

do

it,

but

my

objections

were

set

aside.

我警告他們不要那樣做,

但他們沒有理會。

④

set

down

記下

He

was

asked

to

set

down

the

facts

just

as

he

remembered

them.

他被要求根據(jù)記憶把事實寫下來。

⑤

set

off

出發(fā),

動身

He

proposed

to

set

off

immediately.

他建議立即動身。⑥

setout(todo)著手做1.動身,

出發(fā)

A

visitor

arrived

just

as

we

were

setting

out

for

the

airport.

我們正要前往機(jī)場時來了一位客人。

2.著手,

開始

The

government

has

set

out

to

make

many

needed

reforms.

政府開始進(jìn)行許多必要的改革。

⑦

setup創(chuàng)立；成立setforth陳述；闡明settheworldtime調(diào)整世界時間setanexampleto給。。。樹立榜樣set...free釋放setfireto/set...onfire點火setsail起航8.Whatinterestedherwasthelongitudeline.最令她感興趣的是經(jīng)緯線。Whatinterests/interestedsb.(most)is/was...最令某人感興趣的是……9.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.這似乎很奇怪：這位發(fā)展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，并且在倫敦去世。句中that引導(dǎo)的從句為主語從句，在主語從句中whohaddevelopedcommunism為定語從句。在“Itis/wasnecessary/important/strange/incredible”及“Itisapity/ashame/nowonder”之后由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中用“should+v.”的形式，should可省略。此處“shouldhave+v.ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示“竟然已經(jīng)……;居然已經(jīng)……”，表示說話人對已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的事態(tài)感到“驚奇、驚喜、懷疑”等。Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce.有必要馬上派他到那里去。Itisstrangethatthewheelshouldturnsoslowly.真奇怪，這個輪子竟然轉(zhuǎn)動得如此慢。Itisagreatpity/shame/thatheshouldbesoconceited.真遺憾，他竟會這樣自高自大。單項填空①—IthinkI’llgiveBobaring.—You.Youhaven’tbeenintouchwithhimforages.A.WillB.mayC.havetoD.should②fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube解析：①選D。should意為“應(yīng)該”，多表示某事宜做、應(yīng)當(dāng)做或必須做，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀方面。根據(jù)所提供的情景“Youhaventbeenintouchwithhimforages”可知，由于多年沒有聯(lián)系，所以應(yīng)該給Bob打電話。will意為“將”。may意為“可以”。haveto意為“不得不”，表示因客觀原因不得不做某事。②選B?？疾樘摂M條件句的倒裝。虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should或had時,可省略if，再把were,should或had移至從句的句首，變?yōu)榈寡b。句意為：即使你被解雇了，醫(yī)療保障和其他福利也不會立刻中斷。10.Butshewasthrilledbysomanywonderfultreasuresfromdifferentculturesdisplayedinthemuseum.thrillvt.使激動；使膽戰(zhàn)心驚n.興奮；緊張It'sasightthatneverfailstothrillme.那是一種永遠(yuǎn)讓我激動不已的景象。(1)givesb.athrilltodosth./ofdoingsth.做某事讓某人感到激動(2)thrilledadj.興奮的，激動的bethrilledat/about/withsth.對某事感到興奮(3)thrillingadj.令人感到興奮的(2010·福建廈門六中高三檢測)Tomwasthrilledcaptainofourschoolfootballteam.A.tochooseB.tobechosenC.tohavebeenchosenD.tohavechosen解析：動詞不定式的完成式作主語補(bǔ)足語。choose動作發(fā)生在“thrill”之前，故用完成式。答案：C11.Shefeltveryproudofhercountry.be/feelproudof=takepridein為。。。感到驕傲12.Youmayhaveafewproblemsunderstandingtheguide.haveproblems(in)doingsth.haveno/some/muchdifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做某事無/有些/許多困難13.consider的不同含義及其相應(yīng)的句型consider意為“考慮”時,其后可跟:1）名詞或代詞:Wemustconsiderthematterfromdifferentstandpoints.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從各個角度來考慮一下這件事。Wemustconsideritverycarefully.我們應(yīng)仔細(xì)地考慮它。2）從句:Wemustconsiderwhat”stobedone.我們必須考慮該怎么辦。Heconsideredhowheshouldanswer.他考慮應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣回答。3）“疑問詞＋不定式”:Haveyouconsideredhowtogetthere你是否考慮過如何到那里

Wehavetoconsiderwhatmaterialtousefirst.我們先得考慮用什么材料。注意:consider作“考慮”解時,不能直接接不定式。4）動名詞:Heconsideredgoingtoseetheminperson.他考慮親自去看望他們。Heisconsideringchanginghisjob.他在考慮調(diào)換一下工作。consider意為“認(rèn)為,以為,把……看作”,其后可跟:1）從句:Weconsiderthatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.我們認(rèn)為患難之友才是真正的朋友。2）名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（即名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語）:WeconsiderBeijingtheheartofourcountry.我們認(rèn)為北京是我國的心臟。3）帶形容詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):Theyconsideredmetooyoungtodothework.他們認(rèn)為我太年輕,干不了這項工作。4）帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):Weconsideronlysuchmethodstobecorrect.我們認(rèn)為只有這樣的方法才是正確的。注意:不定式后主要是be,間或為其它動詞（多為完成式）。WeallconsideredhimtohavestolenTom”swallet.我們都以為是他偷了湯姆的錢包。5）帶介詞短語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):Wealwaysconsiderthesepeopleasourtruecomrades.我們一向認(rèn)為這些人是我們真正的同志。6）帶“it形式賓語＋形容詞＋真正賓語（動詞不定式、從句等）”:Weconsideritourdutytohelpher.我們認(rèn)為幫助她是我們的職責(zé)。IconsideritagreatpleasurethatIcanworkwithyou.我覺得能和你在一起工作是極大的快樂。注意:consider作“認(rèn)為”解時,一般不接動名詞。重點句型14Thereisnoneedtodebateanymoreaboutwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethefourcountries.沒有必要再去爭論為什么要用不同的詞去描述這四個國家。thereisnoneedtodosth.沒有必要做某事聯(lián)想拓展thereisnodoubtthat...………是毫無疑問的thereisnopossibilitythat...……是沒有可能的there’snopointindoingsth.做……沒用/沒意義It’snogood/noharm/nousedoingsth.做某事沒有好處/害處/用處there’snouse/nogood/nopoint（in）doingsth.做某事沒有用處/好處/意義Itisnowonderthat...難怪……Thereisnoneedtoworryatall.根本沒必要著急。Thereisnopointincomplaining;theynevertakeanynotice.埋怨沒用，人家根本不理睬。運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言基礎(chǔ)知識，補(bǔ)充完整下面短文，并背誦 (1)_______________(沒有必要)todebateaboutthefactthatnoothermuseumcan(2)___________________(取代)theBritishMuseum,whichisan(3)______________(吸引)fortouristsfromallovertheworld.TheBritishMuseum(4)_____________(由……組成)nineshow-rooms,oneofwhichistheshow-roomofChina.It(5)_______________(被分成)severalpartstodisplaydifferentobjectsfromChina.Whenyoulookaroundtheshow-room,itmayseemstrangetoyouthatBritainshouldhavetakensomanyvaluablethingsfromChina.Foryourvisitingthemuseum,ifyoudon'thaveenoughtime(6)_______________(可利用的)anddon'twantto(7)_______________(漏掉)anything,myonlysuggestiontoyouisthatyou(8)_________________(列清單)thethingsyouwanttoseeandkeepyoureyesopenduringthevisit.答案：Thereisnoneedtaketheplaceofattractionconsistsofisdividedintoavailableleaveoutmakealistof跟蹤訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單項填空1．(2011·高考課標(biāo)全國卷)They__________havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheir