自考英語二歷年試題及答案

2011年7月高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試

英語(二)試卷Vocabularyand.Structure(10points,1pointeach)從下列各句四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。.Studentsshouldtheirowninterestsaswellasdotheirschoolwork.A.persuade B.pursue C.persistI'dliketoremindyouthatthereisnoonthepartofsuspectstoanswerquestions.A.obligationHeblamedhispoorperformancejetlag.B.for.Weknowledgefromourfamilies,schools,jobs,andthemassmedia.NotuntilrecentlythatThompsonhadbentellingthetruthallalong.realizedIrealizedidrealizeIIdon'tneedanyhelpatthemoment,butI youroffer..Thesadconditionofwomenworkingashouseservantsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaearlythisyear.A.importance B.attention.Shehasnohostilitytous,canbejudgedfromhereyes.A.that.Whenyou'reacrisis,itoftenhelpstotalktosomeone.throughinforafteroveronwhetherthemessageisrightorwrongshouldatleastcomeafterwhatthemessageis.outoutoutoutII.ClozeTest(10points,1pointeach)下列短文中有十個空白，每個空白有四個選項。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。Peopleinallpartsoftheworldareobserving"NoTobaccoDay".Itistheday11theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)appealstopeopletostopusingtobaccoproducts. WHOiopesifpeoplestopsmokingcigarettesor12tobaccoforoneday,theywillstoppermanently.Healthexpertshavewarnedforyearsthatsmokingcanleadtoheartdisease,cancerandother13 .WHOsaysdiseaseslinkedtosmokingkill142,500,000personseachyear.Still, manypeoplefindit15stoppingsmoking.Onereasonisnicotine,asubstancefoundincigarettes.Nicotineisadrug.Itseffectsare16thoseofcocaineandheroin."NoTobaccoDay"isintendedforsmokersand17whoearnmoneyfromtobaccosales.Sobusinessesareurgedtostopsellingtobaccoproductsfortwenty-fourhours.18areurgednottocarryadvertisementsforcigarettes.WHOhasapprovedplanstohelpreachits19ofa"smoke-free"world.Theyurgegovernmentstotakeactiontohelp20makemoneybygrowingothercrops.Theyalsocallforimprovedpublicinformationcampaignsabout

D.whattherisksofsmoking.D.what12.A.tochew11.A.whetherB.whichC.when12.A.tochewchewC.chewingD.chewed13.A.problemsB.questions,C.resultsD.behaviors13.A.problemsB.questions,C.resultsD.behaviorsA.atbeatB.atmostC.atworseD.atleastB.inconvenientC.worryingD.reasonableA.betterthanB.similartoC.consistentwithD.dependentonA.atbeatB.atmostC.atworseD.atleastB.inconvenientC.worryingD.reasonableA.betterthanB.similartoC.consistentwithD.dependenton17.A.thatB.thisC.these D.those17.A.thatB.thisC.these D.thoseA.ReadersB.BooksC.ManagersA.ObjetB.goalC.destinationA.Workers B.manufacturersC.farmersD.NewspapersD.directionD.producersIII.ReadingComprehension(30points,2pointseach)從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。A.ReadersB.BooksC.ManagersA.ObjetB.goalC.destinationA.Workers B.manufacturersC.farmersD.NewspapersD.directionD.producersIII.ReadingComprehension(30points,2pointseach)從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.NooneinmyfamilycouldbelieveAllegrahadanydisability,muchlessoneassevereashers.Tothemadisabilitywasphysical,somethingyoucouldsee.Theyknewherasahappy,normalchild.That'salearningdisability-youdon'tseeobviousphysicalsymptoms.Butasshegrewoutofpreschool,shewouldpretendtoread-Iknewshewaspretendingbecausethebookwasupsidedown.Shewithdrewintoherownworldwhereshecouldfantasizeaboutbeingaballetdancer,aBroadwayactressorafigureskater.Intherealworld,balletclassesandmusiclessonsledonlytoconfusion,and,ultimately,disappointment.Asforschool,therewasnowayshecouldbeincludedinamainstreamclassroom.IwentthroughschoolinNewYork,onlytobetoldoverandover:"Shedoesn'tbelonghere."Thelastblowcameafewmonthsafterthediagnosis,whenIwasatapayphoneon72ndStreet,waitingforananswerfromtheverylastschoolonmylist.Finallyacoldvoicecameon-Icanstillhearit-andsaid:"I'msorry,butwefeelthisisn'ttheplaceforher."Ihungupandstaredatthephoneintears.IhadlivedmylifeasthedaughterofHenryFordII,andforthefirsttimeinmylifeIfacedaproblemthatneithermoneynorpositioncouldsolve.Inearlygaveup,butIknewIcouldn't.Withoutme,mydaughterstoodnochanceofmakingit..Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Allegra'sproblemwas_.A.psychological B.obvious C.physical D.invisible.Allegrawasdisabledinthat_.shewasunabletolearnlikeanormalchildhowitiswithfrustrationeveryspecialshewasalwaysreadingwithherbookupsidedownsheisolatedherselffromotherchildreninherclassshewaslivinginherdreamsinconflictwiththerealworld23.Theexpression"amainstreamclassroom"(para.3)refers,tothelastblowthelastschoolthelastblowthelastschoolspecialschools D.normaleducation24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_.theauthorwouldaskHenryFordIIforhelptheauthorwouldcontinuetohelpherdaughtertheauthorwouldleaveNewYorkforthesakeofherdaughtertheauthorhadtousemoneyorpositiontodealwiththeproblemphrase"makingit"(para.4)probablymeans_.A.becomingafigureskater B.becomingaballetdancerC.becomingsuccessful D.gettingpropertreatmentPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Contrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,highlyintelligentchildrenarenotnecessarilyboundtohaveanacademicsuccess.Infact,so-calledgiftedstudentsmayfailtodowellbecausetheyareunusuallysmart.Ensuringthatagiftedchildreacheshisorherpotentialrequiresanunderstandingofwhatcangowrongandhowtosatisfytheunusuallearningrequirementsofextremelybrightyoungpeople.Onecommonproblemgiftedkidsfaceisthatthey,andthosearoundthem,placetoomuchimportanceonbeingsmart.Suchanemphasiscanbreedabeliefthatbrightpeopledonothavetoworkhardtodowell.Althoughsmartkidsmaynotneedtoworkhardinthelowergradeswhentheworkiseasy,theymaystruggleandperformpoorlywhentheworkgetsharderbecausetheydonotmaketheeffort tolearn.Insomecases,theymaynotknowhowtostudy,havingneverdoneitbefore.Inothers,theysimplycannotacceptthefactthatsometasksrequireeffort.Ifthescholasticachievementofhighlyintelligentchildren remainsbelowaverageforanextendedperiod,manyteacherswillfailtorecognizetheirpotential.Asaresult,such studentsmaynotgettheencouragementtheyneed,andmayfurtherbedepressedtolearn.Theymayfallfarbehindintheirschoolworkandevendevelopbehaviorproblems.Boysmayturnaggressiveorbecomeclassclowns(小丑).Girlsoftendevelopperformanceanxietyandothersymptomssuchasstomachaches.OnewaytoavoidsuchdifficultiesistorecognizethatIQisjustoneoftheelementsforsuccess.ChildrendowellorstruggleinschoolforahostofreasonsapartfromIQ,accordingtopsychologistFranzMonksoftheUniversityofNijmegenintheNetherlands.Theseincludemotivationandpersistence,socialcompetence,andthesupportoffamily,educatorsandfriends.Emphasizingtheimportance ofpersistenceandhardwork,forexample,willhelpachildavoidthelazinesstrap.Giftedchildrenalsoneedintellectualchallenges-toteachthemhowtoworkhard.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorbelievesthat_.intelligentstudentsmayfailtodowellintheirschoolworkgiftedstudentsaretoosmarttodowellintheirschoolworkintelligentstudentsareboundtosucceedintheirschoolworkgiftedstudentsunderstandwhatcangowrongandhowtolearnWhentoomuchemphasisisplacedonstudents'intelligence,peoplearelikelytotakeitforgrantedthatsmartstudentsmaynotdowellinthelowergradesB.intelligentstudentsknowhowtoavoidlazinesstrapC.cleverstudentsrequiremoreintelligencethanhardworkD.brightstudentsmaysucceedeveniftheydonotworkhard28.Itisobservedinthethirdparagraphthat_.A.highlygiftedstudentsshowagreatdesiretolearnB.highlygiftedstudentstendtofallillwithnoreasonC.highlyintelligentstudentsalsoneedencouragementD.highlyintelligentstudentsscorehigherthanaveragestudents29.Accordingtotheauthor,astudent'sIQis_.A.oneofthefactorsofsuccesstheonlyfactorforhissuccessdirectlyrelatedtopersistencecloselyassociatedwithcompetenceThispassageaimstotellpeopleabout_.A.theacademicperformanceofgiftedstudentstheproperattitudestowardgiftedstudentsthedifficultiesinrecognizinggiftedstudentsD.themotivationstudentsneedfortheirstudiesPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.MarsGlobalSurveyoristheoldestoffiveNASAroboticdevices,whichisdesignedtofindoutsignsthatMarsoncehadwater;andithadbeentakingdetailedpicturesoftheredplanetforadecade.Unfortunately,itstoppedworkingonNovember2afteritdevelopedamotorproblem.Aftertwodaysofsilence,groundcontrolteamsreceivedasignalthatthedevicehadputitselfintoanemergencystandbymode.Therewasnoinformationaboutwhathadgonewrong.Sincethen,themissionteamatNASA'slaboratoryinCaliforniahastriedtocontactthedevice.Thisweek,NASAengineersarepreparingforwhatmaybetheirlastchancetorecoverthespacecraft.NASAplanstouseanewlyarriveddevicetotakeapictureoftheSurveyortoseehowthefailedcraftisorientedtothesunforpowerandtoEarthforcommunications.ItisreportedthatthepicturewillbetakenonFridaywhenthesatellitesareabout93milesapart.Thenewhigh-poweredcamerashouldbeabletoimagedetailsoftheSurveyorassmallasabout10centimeters.Thereisagoodchanceofrecoveringit.FlightcontrollersalsoplantotrytogettheSurveyortocontactoneorbothofNASA'sroving （漫游）geologystations,SpiritandOpportunity,whicharelocatedonoppositesideso.Mars'equator （赤道）.Theroverswouldnotbeabletotransmitthespacecraft'5sciencedata,butengineersatleastwouldgetanideaofitsgeneralposition.ThelinkupalsocouldshowiftheSurveyorstillhaspower.Ifthedevicehasbeenunabletochargeitsbatteriesduetoapositioningproblemorfailedcomponent,itcouldrunoutofpowerwithno

hopeofrecovering.Butifithaspower,thedeviceisquitecapableofautonomouscontrolevenifitdoesn'thearfromEarth.TheSurveyorhasfarsurpasseditsdesignlifetime,butscientistsstillhavemoretargetsfortheprobe'scameraandscienceinstruments.ThemaintaskofMarsGlobalSurveyoris_.totakepicturesoftheredplanettoworkouttheproblemsofitsmotortofindoutiftherewaswateronMarstofindthecausesofthefailureinthedeviceThenewlyarriveddevice_.isequippedwithapowerfulcamerachecksthesignsforwaterontheredplanetcarriesnewcomponentsforthefaileddeviceexaminesthesurveyor'scommunicationsystemThelastchanceforNASA'sengineerstorecovertheSurveyormightbe_.A.tochargeitsbatteries B.toadjustitspositionC.totestitscommunicationsystem D.tousethenewdevicetoimageitThedecisivefactorfortherecoveryoftheSurveyoris_.A.itslife B.itsorbit C.itspower D.itspositionThepassageismostprobablytakenfrom_.A.abookreview B.anewsreportC.anadvertisement D.asciencefictiontaleWordSpelling(10points,1pointfortwowords)將下列漢語單詞譯成英語。每個單詞的詞類、首字母及字母數(shù)目均已給出。請將完整的單詞寫在答題紙上。36.絕對的，完全的a.a37 .即，也就是adv.n38.障礙，障礙物38.障礙，障礙物n.b40.衰落，謝絕vt.d 4142.特征，相貌n.f 39.候選人，應(yīng)試者n.c.忍受，容忍vt.e43.金黃色的，金(制)的a.g44.和諧，融洽44.和諧，融洽n.h 45.估計，估價Vt.e46.干涉，干擾vi.i 47.圖書館管理員n.l48.多數(shù)，大半48.多數(shù)，大半n.m 50.官方的a.o52.哲學(xué)n.p54.獎學(xué)金n.s49.數(shù)字的，數(shù)值的a.n51.構(gòu)架，框架n.f 53.推薦，介紹Vt.r55.熱帶的，炎熱的a.t WordForm(10、points,1pointeach)將括號中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)?shù)男问教钊肟瞻?。答案寫在答題紙上。Criticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleintheir_(analyze)ofliteraryworks.Herfatherleftherallhismoneywhenhedied,whichmadeherfinancially_(dependent).TheUnitedStatesisacountry_(advance)inscienceandtechnology.Itisnotabadmovie,butthereisnothing_(origin)aboutit.Attheendoftheconference,allthe_(participate)wereaskedtofilloutaquestiolmaire.Whenapersonimmigratestoanothercountry,heshould_(conscious)adapthimselftothenewenvironment..Inmyopinion,theyshoulddosomethingtorewardtheirmost_(produce)employees.The_(month)salaryforthepositionwillbenegotiableataround$2,000.Ataskofthepostofficestaffisto_(class)mailaccordingtotheplacesitistogo.Thereisanincreasing_(tend)forwomentohavechildrenlaterinlife.VI.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish(15points,3pointseach)將下列各句譯成英語并將答案寫在答題紙上。.這男孩盡管還很小，但已會說兩種外語了。.全家人都同意今年夏天去意大利度假。.據(jù)說包裹和信件都還沒有到達目的地。.我們正在想方設(shè)法克服所面臨的困難。.這本書激發(fā)了那個孩子對繪畫的興趣。VII.TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese(15points)將下列短文譯成漢語并將答案寫在答題紙上。Professorsmayestablishsocialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomtheyplaytheroleofaninstructor.Aprofessormayhavecoffeewithstudentsonedaybutthenextdayhemayexpectthemtomeetadeadlineforapaperortobepreparedforadiscussionoranexam.Theprofessormaygiveextraattention,outsideofclass,toastudentinneedofhelp,butprobablywillnottreathimorherdifferentlywhenitcomestoevaluatingacademicwork.Professorshaveseveralrolesinrelationtostudents;theymaybecounselorsandfriendsaswellasteachers.Studentsmustrealizethatwhenateacher'srolechanges,theyshouldchangetheirbehaviorandattitudeaccordingly.2011年7月高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試英語（二）試題答案（課程代碼00015）I.VocabularyandStructure（本大眩共10小眩,每小題1分,共10分）1.B 2,A 3.C6.A 7,B 8.D4.D9.A5.B10.c11.ClozeTest（本大題共10小琢每小聯(lián)1分,共10分）11.C 12.C 13.A14.D15.A16.B 17.D 18.D19.B20.CI1LReadingComprehension（本大共15小粒.每小IS2分,共30分）21.D 22.A 23.D24.B25.C26.A 27.D 28.C29.A30.B31.C 32.A 33.D34.C35.BIV.WordSpcHii里（本大氏共20小也.每兩小蹌1分.共10分）36.absolute 37.namely38.barrier39.candidate40.decline 41.endure42.feature43.golden44.harmony 45.erfere47.librarian48.majority 49.numerical50.ofTicial51.frame52?philosophy53.recommend54.scholarship55.tropicalV.WordForm（本大盟共10小圾.每小題1分.共10分）56/analysis 57.independent58.advanced59.original60-participants 61?consciously64.classify- 65.ductive63.monthlyVI.TranslationfromChineseintoEngUsb（本大心共5小寇,每小邈3分,共15分）66.Ihoughheisasmallchild,theboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages./Asmallboyasheis,hecanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.Iliettunilyhaveallagreedtospend(heirvacaiioninItaly(hissummer.It6saidthatneithertheparcelnortheletterhasbeendeliverediothedestination.Wearemakingeffbrts/tryingourbesttoovercomethedifficultiesthatcoTifronius.wearcconfrontedwith.Thisbookhasarousedthechild'sinterestinpainting.VILTranslationfromEnglishintoChinese（本超15分）盡管教授可以在課堂以外與學(xué)生建立社交關(guān)系，但是在深黨上仍然步演芾教即的角色,今天教授可以和學(xué)生一起喝卻:油而明天又會要求他們按時交論文，準(zhǔn)飴一場討論或準(zhǔn)名號試.教授會在課堂以外定需要物助的學(xué)生給『第外的關(guān)注，但是到了評刊作業(yè)的時候，就會一視同仁了*對于學(xué)生而青，教授扮演著不同的用色：他們可以是按馳，可以是或周也可以是朋友.學(xué)生們必須意設(shè)到，戰(zhàn)師的角色發(fā)生受化芳，他/也應(yīng)邀之求受自己的行為和態(tài)度.2011年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試

英語（二）試卷（課程代碼00015）IVocabularyandStructure（10points1pointeach）從下列各句四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。mayusebikeyougiveitbacktometomorrowmorning.A.unlessB.providedC.thoughD.becausecouldnot histearsonhearingthathewasnotadmittedtotheuniversityA.holdupB.holdbackC.getoverD.getthroughparentshavetheabilitytocommunicatemessagesoflove,trust,andself-worth theirchildrenA.onB.for C.with D.toteacherrequiredthatallerrorsshouldbe eliminatedbeforethestudentsturnintheirtermpaper.A.deportedB.eliminatedC.deprivedD.implementedpersonisluckyifhiscareer withhisinterestandhobby.A.concernsB.competesC.coincidersD.comparessleepinfluencesourmood.ourmood, ,affectsourperformance.A.inreturnB.invain C.inshortD.inturnwas ofyounottodisturbuswhileweweresleeping.A.considerateB.consideringC.considerableD.considered'dappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldmakesome onmyrecentarticleattheconference.A.requestsB.referencesC.remarksD.restrictionsis absorbedinhisownthoughtsthatheseemsunawareofwhat'sgoingonintheroom.A.soB.eachC.very D.muchsooner(選C)hadIreachedhomethanMichaelarrivedwithJaneinhiscar.A.didIreach hadreachedC.hadIreached reachedH.ClozeTest(10point,1pointeach)下列短文中有十個空白，每個空白有四個選項，根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案。并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。Itisdifficulttoescapetheinfluenceoftelevision.Ifyoufitthestatisticalmessages,bytheageof20youwillhavebeenesposed___11___atleast20,000hoursoftelevision.Youcanadd10,000hoursforeachdecadeyouhavelived___12___theageof20.TheonlythingsAmericansdomorethanthemwatchthetelevisionareworkansleep.Calculateforamomentwhatcouldbedonewithevenapartofthosethousand,Iamsold,arewhatatypicalcollegeundergraduate 14 workinginabachelor ’sdegree.In10,000hoursyoucordedhavelearnedseverallauguagesfluently,youcouldbereadingShakespeareinthe 15 ,andyoucouldhavewalkedaroundtheworldtheworldand 16 abookaboutthesehours.Thetroublewithtelevisionis 17 itdiscouragesconcentrations.Almostanythinginterestingandrewardinginlife 18 someconstructiveeffort.Thedultest,theleastgiftedofuscanachievethingsthatseemremarkabletothose 19 neverconcertrateonanything.Buttelevisionencouragesusnottomakemakesthetimepasswithoutgain.B.underB.fromC.forC.afterD.atD.beforeB.hoursC.yearsD.thingsB.castsC.takesD.usesB.beginningC.sourceD.originalB.writeC.wroteD.writingB.thatC.whichD.whyB.asksC.ordersD.requiresB.whoseC.whichD.whoB.timeC.effortD.skill.ReadingComprehension(30point,2pointseach)從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。PassageoneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.MichaelStadtlandersetToronto’srestarantworldonfireinthe1980swithhisoriginalfood,andeastablishedanationalandinternationalfame.In1994,however,hedecidedtoleave thecityrestaurantsceneandseekaquietlifeinthecountry,wherehehasbeenpreparingmealsonhisfarmtwohoursborthofTorontoandasksgueststobringtheirownwine.Notlongago,Stadlanderwaschargedwithsellingliquerwithoutalicence,HesaidwhenaguestaskedforwineatadinnerinDecember,heprovidedtwobottlesfromhisprivatethecustomerturnedouttobeanundercoverOntarioProvincialPolice(OPP)officerwhoreturnedafewdayslateralongwithfourarmedofficerstoseize83bottlesofwine,andtosearchthefarmhouseforrecords.Thepunishmentcouldrunashighas$100,000infinesandayearinjail.WhenMrandMrsSmistharrivedatthefarmonaweekendbefreChristmas,theysaidthatitwastheirannualcelebrstionandaskediftheycouldgetsome,Stadtlander ’swife,toldthemthepolicywastharguestspeovidetheirown..Giventheoccasion,though,Stadtlanderagreedtoprovideabottleofwhitewieefromowncellar,atcost,asafavor,Later,MrSmithaskedforasecondbottleandadetailedreceiptthatincludedthepriceofthrturnedouttobeOPPDetectivePaulSmithand“hiswife,”anassistantwhowentasawitness.“Iwasshocked,”NobuyoStadtlanderrecalls.”Howcouldthydothistouswhenwedidthemafavor?Wesoldthemourwineatourcost.”.Butsay,”made$20.”Stadtlanderisdeterminedtoprovehisinnocenceandcontinuethebusiness.“Peoplewholiveintheareahavebeenverysupportive,”hesays.”Andwhenthisisover,Iwantmywineback.”wasaccusedbecause .beofferedtoomuchwineforaguestbeaskedgueststobringtheirownwinebechargedtoomuchforthewineofferedbesoldwisetohisguestswithoutalicensethe1980s,Stadtlander .threwhisoriginalrestaurantmenuintothefinemadehisrestaurantwell-knownaroundtheworldsoughtforaquietlifeinthecentralpartofthecityopenedoneresyaurantafteranotherhomeandabroad.turnedoutthatMr.andMrs.Smithwere .twofarmerstwowitnesecsC.hasbendandwifeD.policeofficersStudtlanderclaimedthatinthewinecasetheymade .A.$B.nomoneyC.$100,000D.alotofmoneyofthefollowingcouldbeusedasevidenceagainstStadtlander?WhatStadtlander’swifesaidThesecondbottleofwineTherecordsfromthefarmhouse.receiptwiththewineprice.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Arecentstudyshowsthatsixteenoutofevery100Americancouoleshaveviolentconfrontationsofonesortoranotherduringthecourseofayear.Insixofthesecasesthereisseverekicking,biting,punchingorhittingwithobjects.Almostfourofevery100wivesareseriouslybeatenbytheirhusbands.threeofevery100childrenarekickedorpunchedbytheirparents.Morethanathirdofallbrothersandsistersseverelyattackeachother.Asexpected,theincidenceofviolenceishighestamongtheurbanpoor（manyofthemminoroties）.blue-collarworkers,peopleunder20orwithoutreligiousbeliefs,familieswithahusbandwhoisjoblessandthosewithfourtosixchildren.Butthestudyalsoshowedthatviolenceoccursamongwealthyfamiliesaswell.Indeed,thewifeofauniversitypresidentoncequietlycalledStraus,oneofthesociologistswhoconductedthestudy,toaskwhatshecoulddoaboutherhusband,whooftenbeather.Straussuggestedseekingassistancefrommarriageadvisors.Steausandhiscolleaguesfoundoutthattherearevariousrootcausesthatgiverisetosuchbehavior."Thereasonaremixed-psychological,sociological,situational,“saysStraus."Thehusband,forexample,mayfeelunderparticularstressbecausebehasbeenoutofworktoolong.Violencemayalsobeanechoofthepast,”Strausexplains.“WhenMummygiveshertwo-year-oldaslap（巴掌）forputtingsomethingdirtyinhismouth,heislearningfrominfancythatthosewholoveyouhityou.”Anotherreasonmaybetheworseningeconomicsituations. “Ifwehavearealeconomosdecline,It’sgoingtogetworse,”economicsituations.“Ifwehavearealeconomicdeclines,it’sgoingtogetworse,”saysGelles,oneofStraus”colleagues.ThesesociologistshavenoeasyanswertoviolenceintheAmericanfamily.WhiletheywelcomesuchmoveastheopeningofsheltersforbeatenwivesandtheestablishmentofaNationalCenterforChildAbuseandNeglect,theybelivethattheremustbemorebasicattackonvilolence,includingthereductionof“macho”（大男子主義） themesonthetelevision,theoutlawingofphysicalpunishmentinschoolsandperhapseventhewliminationofdeathStrausexplains,“VolenceisanacceptablesolutiontoproblemsinAmericansociety,Andthatishowitisusedinfamilies.ofthefollowingstatementsistrue?MorethanathirdofbrothersattacksistersinAmericanfamilies.Almostfourpercentofhusbandsareseriouslybeatenbytheirwives.Sixoutofonehundredcouplesexperienceseveredomesticviolence.SixpercentofAmericancoupleshavesomekindofdomesticviolence.exampleconcerningauniversitypresident’swifeshowsthat domesticviolenceisfoundinwell-todofamiliesaswelltheincidenceofviolenceishighestamongurbanfamiliesmarriageadvisons’assistanceisthebestsolutiontoviolencedomesticvilenceexistsregardlessofage,race,andsocialstatus.Gellessaysshowsthat .vilenceisresponsibleforthedeclineofeconomyviolencemaybeareflectionofone’spastexperienceC.violenceisrelatedtotheeconomicsituationofthetimeD.violenceisthebestformofemotionalreleaseforahusbandword“outlawing”inline5ofthelastparagraphmeans .A.makingsomethingillegalB.freeingsomeonefromprisonC.learningsomethingfromlawD.throwingsomeoneoutofcourttothesociologists,itisimpossibletocurbdomesticviolenceunless .A.moresheltersforbeatebwivesareopenedB.childrenareprotectedbyaNationalCenterviolenceisnotacceptedasasolutiontoproblemsAmericansgettougherwithviolentbehaviorsPassageThreeQestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Americanscientistsaredevelopingan“intelligent”mabilephonecapableofblockingincomingcallsdependingontheowner’smood.,Using “contextaware”Technologythe “Sensay”phonewillmonitorcallsandsendbackpolitemessagessayingtheusermaybecontactedlater.AresearchteamattheInstituteforComplexEngineeringSystemsatCarragieMellonUniversityinPittsburg,Pennsylvania,aredevelopingbodytemperatureandelectricalskinmonitorstohelpthedeviceunderstandtheemotionalstateofitsuser.Ifthephonesensesthattheuserisbusy—forinstance,involvedinaconversation —itmightblockanincomingcallandturnitontovoicemail.Thephonewouldsendbackatextmessagesayingtheuserisunavailable,butadvisingthatidthematterisurgentthecallercantryagaininthreeminutes.Ifacallfromthesamepersoncameinagain,thephonewouldputitthrough.Theresearchersareinterestedinfourbasicdifferentstates—busyandnottobeinterrupted,physicallyactive,idle,and “normal.”Mostpeoplearesaidtochangebetweenthesestates,anaverageof6to12timesaday.ProfessorAsimSmailagic,aleadingmemberoftheCarnegicMellonteam,toldTheEngineermagazine.”Today’scomputersareprettydumbcomparedwiththedevice.WegottoworkatthebeginningofMayandsincethenhavebeenimprovingit.Thenextstageistomakeitsmarter,addingvariousintellingencesystemssoitcanlearnabouttheuser.Thephonealsoemploysfourprimarysensons—twomicrophonestopickupconversationsandmonitorlocallightdetectorandanacceleromster(加速度計).Thelightsensorshowsifthephoneisbeingcarriedinabagorpocket,whiletheaccelerometerdetermineswhethertheuseriswalking,runningorstandingstill,Inthesensorbox,phoneisbeingcarriedinabagorpocket,whiletheaccelerometerdetermiteswhethertheuseriswalking,runningorstandingstill,Inthefuture,thesensorbox,phoneandpersonalorganizerwillbecombinedintoonedevice.”TOC\o"1-5"\h\ztothepassage,the “Sensay”phoneiscapableof .showingbodytemperatureblockingunwantedcallsdetectingtheowner’smoodsensingthecaller’smoodsecondparagraphmainlytellsus .wheretheintelligentphoneisdevelopedhowthenewphoneisgoingtofunctionwhethertheresearchersfailedintheirexperimentwhytheresearchersfailedintheirexp