2022年6月英語六級真題試卷（第三套）【新】

第21頁共21頁2022年6月英語六級真題試卷（第三套）20XX年6月英語六級真題試卷（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmotivationandmethodsinlearning.Youcanciteexlestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningprehension(30minutes)說明：由于20XX年6月六級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套真題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容完全一樣，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartⅢReadingprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel26beebrittle(脆的)attemperaturesbelowabout-25℃unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretainingitsstrengthandtoughness-withouttheneedforexpensive28.Steel&_x27;sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed(用魚雷攻擊)numerousBritishships,a2700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerful“Libertyships”wasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave31tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensivemetalssuchasnickel.YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical32Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedaplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanicaldeformation,knownastempforming.Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveabinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis33tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.Kimura&_x27;steamintendstouseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-highstrengthparts,suchasbolts.Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof34neededinaconstructionjobandtheirweight-byreplacingsolidsupportswith35tubes,forexle.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobilestobuildingsandbridges.A)abruptlyB)additivesC)approachD)ardentlyE)besiegedF)channelG)parableH)ponentsI)crackedJ)fracturesK)hollowL)relevantM)reshuffledN)strivedO)violentSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Thefutureofpersonalsatellitetechnologyishere-arewereadyforit?A)Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebeesmoredemocratized,theyareingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikedrones(無人機)beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.B)AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.Thequestionhereisnolonger“Canwe?”but“Shouldwe?”Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas“professionals”?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmayefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.C)Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:CubeSats.The“Cube”heresimplyreferstothesatellite&_x27;sshape.ThemostmonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle&_x27;sformerly“wastedspace.”MultiplescanbedeployedinbinationformoreplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.D)Withintheirpactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandmunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They&_x27;reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)-aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads(tothemoonandMarsespecially)tocarryCubeSats.E)Becausethey&_x27;resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubeSatintoEarth&_x27;sorbitthanatraditionalmunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincosta11owsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.F)ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentstodesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSR&_x27;sSputnik(前蘇聯(lián)的人造衛(wèi)星).Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearcmorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.G)TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats&_x27;importanceinscientificdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetitalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn&_x27;trisk-flee.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisspacedebris-piecesof“junk”thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.H)Currently,therearen&_x27;tmanyCubeSatsandthey&_x27;retrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensuptomoreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear-missesmightleadtothe“creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats.”I)CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow&_x27;sthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Some“expertamateurs”inthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceedresponsibly.J)In1969,theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedinordertofosterhamradioenthusiasts&_x27;(業(yè)余無線電愛好者)participationinspaceresearchandmunication.Itcontinuedtheefforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCAR-aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedtheveryfirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,AMSATwasputting“amateur”satellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrentCubeSatcraze.Andovertime,itsmembershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,open.sourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple,Withintheorganization,AMSAThasaphilosophyofopensourcingeverythingmakingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfullyavailabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.AccordingtoamemberoftheteamresponsibleforFOX1-A,AMSAT&_x27;sfirstCubeSat,thismeansthattheresnowaytosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.K)However,they&_x27;remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganizationguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformof“self-governance”ispossiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizationsthat,overtime,areabletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytomunitymembers,aswellassocietyingeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whodon&_x27;thavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?L)Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standingamateurestablishment.They&_x27;restillconstrainedbyfunders,launchprovidersandaseriesofregulations-allofwhichreininwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Butthere&_x27;sadangerthey&_x27;reill-equippedtothinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.Whattheseunintendedconsequencesmightbeisadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetweknowinnovatorscanberemarkablycreativewithtakingtechnologiesinunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthecellphone-wehavemicrofinanceandtext-basedsocialworkingatoneendofthespectrum,andimprovised(臨時制作的)explosivedevicesattheother.M)ThisiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbeesimportant-notsimplytoensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,buttoengagewithamuchlargermunityinanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.Thisisnotaneasytask.Yetthe&_x27;evidencefromAMSATandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhatresponsibleamateurmunitiescananddoemergearoundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,ofcourse,isensuringthatwhatanamateurmunitiesconsiderstoberesponsible,actuallyis.Here&_x27;swherethereneedstobeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondgovernmentagenciesandscientificmunitiestoincludestudents,hobbyists,andanyonewhomaypotentiallystandtobeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSattechnology.36.Giventheeasieraccessibilitytospace,itistimetothinkabouthowtopreventmisuseofsatellites.37.Agroupofmini-satellitescanworktogethertoacplishmoreplextasks.38.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsibleuse.39.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputinorbitowingtotheloweredlaunchingcost.40.AMSATiscarefulaboutsharinginformationwithoutsiderstopreventhijackingoftheirsatellites.41.NASAofferstolaunchCubeSatsfreeofchargeforeducationalandresearchpurposes.42.Evenwithconstraints,itispossibleforsomecreativedeveloperstotaketheCubeSattechnologyindirectionsthatresultinharmfuloutes.43.Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience,CubeSatsmayposehazardstootherspacevehicles.44.Mini-satellitesenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromLEOandspacearoundit.45.AMSAToperatesontheprincipleofhavingallitstechnicaldataaccessibletoitsmembers,preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitaryself-employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost:theopportunitytohaveworkfriendsonceagain.Itwasn’tuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,formeatleast,beingfriendswithcolleaguesdidn’temergeasapriorityatall.Thisissurprisingwhenyouconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredthewayinwhichcollegial(同事的)tiescanhelpoverearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedconflict,jealousy,undermining,anger,andmore.Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningfulconversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereasnow,asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyfulfillingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement,researchershavelookedattheconceptof“indifferentrelationships”.It’sasimpletermthatencapsulates(概括)thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsayit,disposableorsubstitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedthusfarindicatesthey’reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andharmonyoverconfrontation.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Forsomeofus,toomucheffort.Asnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachinresolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenohelessseveralempiricallyprovenbenefits.Oneofthoseisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandchurning(產(chǎn)出).Theotherisself-esteem.Ashumanbeings,we’reprimedtopareourselvestoeachotherinwhatisananxiety-inducingphenomenon.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothanfriends.Sincetheformerismostmonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals’senseofself-worth.Egoaside,athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation,tostrengthenone’sfocusontaskresolution,andtogaingreateraccesstovaluableinformation.Noneofthatmightbeasfunasafter-worksocializingbut,hey,I’lltakeitanyway.46.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhere-enteredthecorporateworld?A)Makingnewfriendswithhisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.B)Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.C)Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.D)Buildingcloserelationshipswithhiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadexpected.47.Whatdowelearnfrommanystudiesaboutcollegialrelationships?A)Inharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseeffectonproductivity.B)Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanypaniesaimtocultivate.C)Closecollegialrelationshipscontributeverylittletoproductquality.D)Conflictingrelationshipsintheworkplaceexistalmosteverywhere.48.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?A)Theyshouldbecultivated.B)Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.C)Theyarevitaltocorporateculture.D)Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplewhoaresociallylazy?A)TheyfeelUnfortablewhenengaginginsocialinteractions.B)Theyoftenfindthemselvesinconfrontationwiththeircolleagues.C)TheyareUnwillingtomakeeffortstomaintainWorkplacerelationships.D)Theylackbasicmunicationskillsindealingwithinterpersonalissues.50.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofindifferentrelationships?A)TheyprovidefunatWork.B)Theyhelpcontrolemotions.C)Theyhelpresolvedifferences.D)TheyimproveWorkefficiency.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inafewdecades,artificialintelligence(AI)willsurpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwebelievemakeusspecial.Thisisagrandchallengeforourageanditmayrequirean“irrational”response.OneofthemostsignificantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSinearly20XXwastheeffortsofGoogletomakeautonomousdrivingareality.Accordingtoareport,Google’sself-drivingcarsclocked1,023,330krn,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatisoneinterventionaboutevery8,047kmofautonomousdriving.Butevenmoreimpressiveistheprogressinjustasingleyear:humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmilesto0.2,a400%improvement.Withsuchprogress,Google’scarswilleasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisyear.Drivingonceseemedtobeaveryhumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenaputerbeatthehumanworldchion,repeatedly.TheboardgameGo(圍棋)tookoverfromchessasanewtestforhumanthinkingin20XX,whenaputerbeatoneoftheworld’sleadingprofessionalGoplayers.Withputersconqueringwhatusedtobedeeplyhumantasks,whatwillitmeaninthefuturetobehuman?Iworryaboutmysix-year-oldson.Whatwillhisplacebeinaworldwheremachinesbeatusinoneareaafteranother?He’llnevercalculatefaster,neverdrivebetter,orevenflymoresafely.Actually,itallesdowntoafairlysimplequestion:What’ssospecialaboutus?Itcan’tbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.Sofar,machineshaveaprettyhardtimeemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnottobepredictedbyaputer,andyetmorethansimplerandomness.Perhaps,ifwecontinuetoimproveinformation-processingmachines,we’llsoonhavehelpfulrationalassistants.Sowemustaimtoplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthantopetewithit.IfI&_x27;mright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogicalcreativitywillplementtherationalityofthemachine.Unfortunately,however,oureducationsystemhasnotcaughtuptotheapproachingreality.Inde