2021-2022學年上海市徐匯區(qū)高一上學期10月考試英語試卷（解析版）

2021-2022學年上海市徐匯區(qū)高一上學期10月考試英語試卷LListeningComprehension(22')SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Linda.B.Irene.C.NancyD.ChrisA.Tovisitamuseum.B.Toattendawedding.C.Togetmarried.D.TogotoIndia.A.Policemananddriver.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Bossandclerk.D.Doctorandnurse.A.Inateahouse.B.Inaschool.C.Inasupermarket.D.Inagarage.A.Themanenjoysdramasverymuch.Soapoperasaren'tthewoman'sfavorite.Thewomanhaswatchedalotofsoapoperas.Themandoesn'twanttowatchadramawiththewoman.A.Sheisreportingglobalwarming.SheiswatchingaTVshow.SheiswritingareportabouttheEarth'sclimate.Sheiswritingajobreport.A.Shesawtheplaymorethanonce.B.Sheactedintheplay.C.ShevisitedtheEnglishDepartment.D.Sheledthedramaclub.A.Thedamagetotheenvironment.B.Thelocationofthehotel.C.Thedemandofthejobmarket.D.Thesolutiontotheissue.A.Shewillgotothegaragetogethercarbackfirst.Shedoesn'tknowwherethecityhallis.Shecan'tdrivethemthere.Hercarisingoodcondition.A.Skippingthemealtoloseweight.Havingthepizzawiththewoman.Orderingfoodtobeeatenathome.Diningoutinsteadofeatingathome.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthe水域，應選B。[31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他會死，諾姆鎮(zhèn)生病孩子也會死。A.escape逃脫；B.swim游泳;C.ache疼痛；D.die死。根據(jù)上文“Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow可知，一旦諾頓灣的冰面破裂坍塌，Seppala可能會掉到冰水里死掉。應選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，一大堆雪擋住了他的去路。A.memory回憶；B.exit出口；C.way路；D.destination目的地。根據(jù)下文“Kaasen不得不離開雪橇的痕跡、繞過阻擋他的大雪堆”可知，巨大的雪堆擋住Kaasen前進的路。應選C。[33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當時環(huán)境太糟糕，使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的痕跡。A.find找到；B.Ex安裝；C.pass通過；D.change改變。根據(jù)上文Kaasen離開雪橇的痕跡可知，當時環(huán)境太糟糕，使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的痕跡。應選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Balt。把鼻子貼在地上，努力找到其他狗的氣味，這些狗曾在這條路上走過。A.pretending假裝;B.asking問，要求；C.trying努力;D.learning學會。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅著其它狗的味道。應選C。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：諾姆鎮(zhèn)得救了。A.controUed控制；B.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed開展。根據(jù)"Allofthemrecovered.”可知，諾姆鎮(zhèn)得救了。應選B。SectionB(14,)Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AHereisachecklistforwhetheryoucandothefollowingthingstoliveabetterlife.Tickifyoucan.Talkaboutyouremotionsanddifficulties.Wetendtohavedifficultyexpressingouremotions,yettheydrivesomuchofwhatwedo.Worse,wecompensatewithdrugsandalcoholtomaskourfeelingsofnotbeingsuccessful.Talkingabouthowwefeel,honestly,canfreeus.Don'tbeafraidofnotbeingsuccessful.Wethinkbeinglovedisequaltobeingsuccessful,butasVaniersaid,"Youarebeautifulasyouare."Thetruemeasureofapersonisnotdefinedbythesizeofhis/herbankaccount.It'sdefinedbytheiremotionalbankaccount,howkindtheyareandhowtheytreatothers.Wemightenvy（忌妒）MarkZuckerberg^wealth,butadmirepeoplelikeMotherTeresamore.Inarelationship,takethetimetoask:“Howareyou?"You'remarriedtoyourspouse,notsuccess.Yes,workisimportanttoprovideforourfamilies.Butbeingthereforourfamiliesisevenmoreimportant.Takethetimetocheckin.Askhowyourspouseandkidsaredoing.They'llrememberyourthoughtfulnessandlovemuchmorethanyourcareersuccess.Stoplookingatyourphone.Bepresent!Thedigitalagehasbroughtusinstantcommunication,butarewereallytalkingtooneanother?ListentoyourdeepestdesireandfollowitUnlikeanimals,humanbeingshavemoralandspiritualneeds.Beyondeating,procreatingandexisting,wesearchfortheunknown.Allofushaveaninnervoicethatguidesus.Ourheartsoftentelluswhenweareoffcourse.Learntotrustyourheart.Rememberthatyouwilldieoneday.JeanVaniernotedthat"We'reallhere,butwearejustlocalpeople.Passengersonajourney.Wegetonandoffthetrainandtheworldwillcontinue.,9Rememberingthatyouwilldieonedaycanhelpguideouractionstoday.Itcanreshapethekindofpersonwewanttobe.36.Accordingtothepassage,howcanwefeelrelieved?Byfearingsuccess.Bycommunicatingyourfeelings.Byinquiringpeople.Byleavingyourphonebehind.37Whatdoesthe4thruletellus?Youaremarriedtoyourhusband/wife.Youmustworkforyourfamily.Youshouldpaymoreattentiontopeoplearoundyouthanyourwork.Youhavetoaskyourfamily'sdailyroutine.38.Thesearetherulesallabout.keepingyoufitimprovingyourlifeattitudeinteractingwithpeoplehavingarelationship【答案】36.B37.C38.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些關(guān)于改善你的生活態(tài)度的規(guī)那么?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中第一條規(guī)那么“Talkingabouthowwefeel,honestly,canfreeus.（坦白地說，談論我們的感受能讓我們輕松自由。）”可知，通過交流你的感覺能感到寬慰。應選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格中第四條規(guī)那么"Stoplookingatyourphone.Bepresent!Thedigitalagehasbroughtusinstantcommunication,butarewereallytalkingtooneanother?（別再看了。是現(xiàn)在!數(shù)字時代給我們帶來了即時通信，但我們真的在彼此交談嗎?）"可推斷，第四規(guī)那么告訴我們應該更多地關(guān)注周圍的人而不是我們的工作。應選Co【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段uHereisachecklistforwhetheryoucandothefollowingthingstoliveabetterlife.Tickifyoucan.（這里有一份清單，告訴你是否可以做以下事情來過上更好的生活?？梢缘脑挻蚬?。）”及下文可知，這些規(guī)那么都是關(guān)于改善你的生活態(tài)度的。應選B。BHowtoVolunteerAbroadandActuallyHelpPeopleFearof“voluntourism“shouldn'tstopyoufromdoingsomethinggreat.We'veallheardit.Those“voluntourists“goingtoAfricathinkthey'rehelping,butthey9reactuallygoingforaholiday,wastingmoney,andstrengtheningdangerousstereotypes（亥U板印象）.Iam,though,againsttheideathatweshouldn'tvolunteerabroadatall.Howwouldtheworldbeabetterplacewithoutpeopledevotingtheirtimeandresourcestohelpotherswhoneedit?Ichosemyorganizationwell.Asastudent,therearesomanyoptionsforvolunteeringabroad.ItravelledwithCambridgeDevelopmentInitiative,astudent-runprojectthatworksonsustainabledevelopmentprojectsinTanzania.TherewerefourbranchesandIwasonthebusinessteam.Weweretrainedonthedangersofvoluntourismandonbestvolunteerpractices.WelearnedaboutthecultureandevenlearnedsomebasicSwahili,thelocallanguage,beforetravelling.WhenwewereinTanzania,westayedinthesameaccommodationalongsideourTanzanianteammembers,atethesamefood,andspentourfreetimeinthesameplaces.WhenItoldmyfriendIwastravellingtoTanzaniatovolunteerforthesummer,hesaid,“Oh,you'regoingtohaveoneofthosesummerswhereyougoawayforacoupleofmonthsandittotallychangesyourprofile（頭像）picture.”Ididn'tchangemyprofilepicture,butIdidhelp23youngpeoplestarttheirowncompanies.Theybrainstormedideas,surveyedtargetcommunities,improvedtheirdesigns,cameupwithbusinessplans,andcollectedseedcapitalfortheirstartups.Theycameupwithcreativeideas,suchasa“mini-grid”（微型電網(wǎng)）providingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillageandaplastic-wasterecyclingcompany.BeforeIwenttoTanzania,Iwas“thisclose“totakinganinternshipinacompanyinsteadbecauseIworriedIwouldbecontributingtothenegativepracticeofvoluntourism.Here'showImadesurethatdidn'thappen,andwhyIthinkthebenefitsofvolunteeringabroadfaroutweighthebenefitsoftakingsomequestionablemoralhighreasonsbackhome.39.Whatisvoluntourism?Astudyinadevelopingcountry.Atriptoadevelopingcountrytohelpout.Aculturalexchangeinadevelopingcountry.Atravelingtoadevelopingcountrytohelpout,butdoingmoreharm.Howdidthewriterensurenotcontributingtothenegativesideofvoluntourism?Bynottrustinganyorganization.Bylearningaboutthelocalcultureandlanguage.CByprovidingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillage.D.Bymakingtradewiththeteammembers.WhichonewasNOTdonebythewriter?Thewritercameupwithideastosolveoff-gridproblems.Thewriterhelpedestablishyoungpeople'sownstart-ups.Thewritergaveupacorporateinternship.ThewriterwenttoTanzaniaasavolunteer.Whatdidthewriter'sfriendimply?Thewriterwouldhaveamoralhighexperienceworthshowingoff.Thewriterwasabletochangetheprofilepictureafterthetrip.Thewritershouldhelpthelocalsasmuchaspossible.Thewritershouldvolunteerbecauseitwouldbelife-changing.【答案】39.D40.B41.A42.A【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。作者通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷介紹如何在國外做志愿者并真正幫助別人?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Those“vohmtourists"goingtoAfricathinkthey'rehelping,butthey'reactuallygoingforaholiday,wastingmoney,andstrengtheningdangerousstereotypes（刻板印象）.（那些去非洲的“公益游客”認為他們在提供幫助，但他們實際上是去度假，浪費金錢,強化危險的形象）”可知，公益旅游是去開展中國家?guī)椭鉀Q困難，但卻造成了更大的危害的旅游。應選D。【40題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“WelearnedaboutthecultureandevenlearnedsomebasicSwahili,thelocallanguage,beforetravelling.（在旅行之前，我們了解了文化，甚至學習了一些基本的斯瓦希里語）”可推斷，作者在旅游前通過學習當?shù)氐奈幕驼Z言來確保不給公益旅游帶來負面影響。應選B。[41題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Theybrainstormedideas,surveyedtargetcommunities,improvedtheirdesigns,cameupwithbusinessplans,andcollectedseedcapitalfortheirstartups.Theycameupwithcreativeideas,suchasa“mini-grid”（微型電網(wǎng)）providingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillageandaplastic-wasterecyclingcompany.（他們進行了頭腦風暴的想法，調(diào)查了目標社區(qū)，改進了他們的設計，提出了商業(yè)計劃，并為他們的初創(chuàng)公司收集了種子資金。他們想出了一些創(chuàng)意,諸如為一個離網(wǎng)村提供電力的“微型電網(wǎng)”和塑料廢物回收公司）”可知，解決離網(wǎng)問題的想法不是作者提出的，是當?shù)氐哪贻p人提出的。應選A?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Here,showImadesurethatdidn'thappen,andwhyIthinkthebenefitsofvolunteeringabroadfaroutweighthebenefitsoftakingsomequestionablemoralhighreasonsbackhome.（這就是我是如何確保那種事不會發(fā)生的，以及為什么我認為在國外做公益的益處遠遠超過采取一些可疑的道德崇高理由的好處的原因）”可推斷，作者有豐富的道德經(jīng)驗值得炫耀。應選A。SectionC⑻）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Imagineswimminginalakeonahotsummerday.Thewaterisquitewarm,butthewindisstrongandthemomentyouleavethewateryoufeelchillyandget"goosebumps（雞皮疙瘩）Soyouchangeclothesandmoveinsidetowarmup.Youmakeanicecupoftea,getunderablanketandturnontheradio.Suddenly,youhearasongfromalongtimeago,onethatyourgrandmotheroftensangtoyouwhenyouwereachild.43Whydosuchseeminglyunrelatedeventsleadtothesamebodilyreaction?Goosebumpsareaphysiologicalphenomenonwegotfromouranimalancestors.Theyaretinyelevationsoftheskinthatlookliketheskinofchildrenorgeeseafterthefeathershavebeenpulledoff.44Goosebumpsarecausedbyacontraction（"攵縮）ofmusclesthatareattachedtoeachhair.Eachcontractingmusclecreatesashallowdepression（凹陷）ontheskinsurface.Asaresult,thesurroundingareastandsout.45Inanimalswithathickcoatofhail*thisrisingofthehairexpandsthelayerofair.Thethickerthelayerofhair,themoreheatisretained.Inpeoplethisreactionisuselessbecausewedonothaveacoatofhaironourbodies.Inadditiontocold,thehairwillalsostandupinmanyanimalswhentheyfeelthreatened.46Thiswillprobablymaketheattackerbackoff.Peoplealsotendtoexperiencegoosebumpsduringemotionalsituations,suchaswalkingdowntheaisleduringtheirwedding,listeningtotheirnation'santhem,orevenjustwatchinghorrormovies.Quiteoftenapersonmaygetgoosebumpsmanyyearsafterasignificantevent,justbythinkingabouttheemotionstheywereexperiencingatthattime.Thereasonforalltheseresponsesisthesubconsciousreleaseofadrenaline（腎上腺素）.Itisoftenreleasedwhenwefeelcoldorafraid,butalsoifweareunderstressandfeelstrongemotions.Othersignsofadrenalinereleaseincludesweatypalms,anincreaseinbloodpressure,aracingheartorthefeelingof"butterflies“inthestomach.Thereforewecouldalsocallthem“turkeybumps"or“duckbumps.”Again,youfeelachillonyourbackandagain,yougetgoosebumps.Thecontractionalsocausesthehairtostandupwheneverthebodyfeelscold.Whenacatisattackedbyadog,forexample,theelevatedhairmakesthecatappearbigger.Adrenalinenotonlycausesthecontractionofskinmusclesbutalsoinfluencesmanyotherbodilyreactions.Itissomethingweinheritedfromourdistantancestors,thoughwedon'tseemtobenefitfromthereactionmuch.［答案】43.B44.A45.C46.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是雞皮疙瘩以及導致出現(xiàn)雞皮疙瘩的原因?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thewaterisquitewarm,butthewindisstrongandthemomentyouleavethewateryoufeelchillyandget“goosebumps（雞皮疙瘩）（水很溫暖，但風很大，當你離開水的那一刻,你會感到寒冷，起雞皮疙瘩）可知上文說了起雞皮疙瘩的一種情況，該空承接上文，說明起雞皮疙瘩的另一種情況，B選項“再一次，你感到背部發(fā)冷，又一次，你起雞皮疙瘩”切題,其中選項中的“goosebumps”對應上文中的“goosebumps”，應選B。【44題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Goosebumpsareaphysiologicalphenomenonwegotfromouranimalancestors.Theyaretinyelevationsoftheskinthatlookliketheskinofchildrenorgeeseafterthefeathershavebeenpulledoff."（起雞皮疙瘩是我們從動物祖先那里得到的一種生理現(xiàn)象。它們是皮膚的微小突起，看起來就像兒童的皮膚或去掉羽毛的鵝的皮膚）可知這里描述了雞皮疙瘩的樣子，該空承接上文,與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，選項A“因此，我們也可以稱它們?yōu)椤盎痣u疙瘩”或“鴨子疙瘩””切題，應選A?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文44Goosebumpsarecausedbyacontraction（收縮）ofmusclesthatareattachedtoeachhair.Eachcontractingmusclecreatesashallowdepression（凹B自）ontheskinsurface.Asaresult,thesurroundingareastandsout.”（雞皮疙瘩是由附著在每根毛發(fā)上的肌肉收縮引起的。每一塊收縮的肌肉都會在皮膚外表形成一個淺的凹陷。因此，周邊地區(qū)脫穎而出）可知講了雞皮疙瘩形成的原因，C選項“每當身體感到寒冷時，這種收縮也會導致毛發(fā)直立起來”切題，承接上文，繼續(xù)說明雞皮疙瘩形成的原因，應選C?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inadditiontocold,thehairwillalsostandupinmanyanimalswhentheyfeelthreatened."（除了寒冷，許多動物在受到威脅時，它們的毛發(fā)也會豎起來）可知這里講了動物在受到威脅的時候，它們的毛發(fā)也會豎起來。該空承接上文，舉例說明，D選項“舉個例子，當一只貓被狗攻擊時，抬高的毛發(fā)會讓貓看起來更大”切題，其中，選項中的“acat”對應上文中的“animals”，應選D。IV.Translation（16'）Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..我們鎮(zhèn)上在修建新鐵路。（town）（漢譯英）【答案】Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt/constructedinourtown.【解析】【詳解】考查名詞、動詞、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。結(jié)合原文，分析句子可知，講述正在發(fā)生的事情，應使用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)；句意重組，“新鐵路”作句子主語，用單數(shù)名詞anewrailway表示，“修建”是謂語動詞，可用build或者construct表示，與主語之間是被動關(guān)系，正在修建中，用現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)isbeingbuilt/constructed,“我們鎮(zhèn)上”是地點狀語，用inourtown表示。綜上，全句譯為：Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt/constructedinourtown..為了完成作業(yè)，他昨天熬夜到2點（purpose）（漢譯英）【答案】Forthepurposeoffinishingthehomework,hestayeduplateuntil2a.m..【解析】【分析】【詳解】靠名詞，時態(tài)和短語。分析句子可知，主句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，用一般過去時，主語he“他、謂語動詞用短語stayuplate“熬夜"，時間狀語until2a.m.,forthepurposeo中為了”是介詞短語作狀語，finishthehomework“完成作業(yè)”作介詞賓語用動名詞形式，故譯為Forthepurposeoffinishingthehomework,hestayeduplateuntil2a.m.?！军c睛】.鐘南山為抗疫（C0VID-19）作出了巨大的貢獻，這為他贏得了共和國勛章（theMedaloftheRepublic）o（earn）（漢譯英）【答案】ZhongNanshanhascontributedgreatlytofighting/thefightagainstC0VID19andthisearnedhimtheMedaloftheRepublic.【解析】【詳解】考查短語、動詞和時態(tài)。結(jié)合句意，本句的時態(tài)應為現(xiàn)在完成時。表示“做出巨大貢獻”用短語contributegreatlyto,to為介詞，其后跟名詞或動名詞；表示“與斗爭”用短語fightagainst/thefightagainst；表示“贏得”用earnsth.,結(jié)合句中漢語,故翻譯為：ZhongNanshanhascontributedgreatlytofighting/thefightagainstC0VID19andthisearnedhimtheMedaloftheRepublic..我欽佩這位小女孩想成為超一流科學家的雄心，希望她的夢想能成真。（admire）（漢譯英）【答案】Iadmirethelittlegirlforherambitiontobecomeasuperexcellentscientistandhopethatherdreamwillcometrue.【解析】【詳解】考查名詞、動詞、時態(tài)、非謂語動詞和賓語從句。結(jié)合原文，分析句子可知，全句描述當前情況，應使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)；“欽佩”是謂語動詞，用admire表示；“這位小女孩”是賓語，用thelittlegirl表示；“成為超一流科學家的雄心”是原因狀語，可用介詞短語forherambitiontobecomeasuperexcellentscientist表示，其中tobecomeasuperexcellentscientist是不定式作后置定語修飾名詞ambition；“希望”是并列謂語動詞，用并列連詞and與admire連接，用hope表示；“她的夢想能成真”處理為賓語從句，用一般將來時，譯%thatherdreamwillcometrue,其中動詞短語cometrue意為“成為現(xiàn)實”。綜上，全句譯為：Iadmirethelittlegirlforherambitiontobecomeasuperexcellentscientistandhopethatherdreamwillcometrue.聽力答案：1-5DBAAB6-10DBACC11-13CCD14-16BACquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Hewastalkingwiththefamilyofhisboss.Hewasreadingthenewspaperforwork.Hewasputtinganoticeout.Hewasplantingtrees.A.Womenwerenotgoodattakingcareofplants.Hecouldgotoworkinhercompany.Therewouldbemanycustomersfromthenewofficepark.Hewasgoingoutofwork.A.Hewillbeproudoftheplantsofhiscompany.Hecanbetheownerofthecompanyheusedtoworkfor.Hecanhire10moreemployees.Hiscompanywillbethebiggestinthefieldinthecity.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Therelationshipbetweenchildren'sstudyandTV.TheamountoftimechildrenspendwatchingTV.Thequalityofchildren'sentertainmentexperiences.ThepositiveeffectofwatchingTV.A.WatchingTV.B.Sportsactivities.C.Videogames.D.Shopping.A.Itspendstoomuchofviewers9time.ThereistoomuchviolenceonTV.Itmakesviewersinactiveinbodyandmind.Itsellsunwantedthingstoviewers.ILGrammarandVocabularySectionA(159)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Goingtothetheaterinsteadofthegymmightsoundlikeyou'relazy.However,anewstudysaidthatanightinthetheatercanhavethesameeffectonyourheart1halfanhourofexercise.ResearchbyUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)andtheUniversityofLancasterfoundthat2(enjoy)alivetheaterperformanceisgoodforyourcardiovascular(心血管的)system.Thebenefits3beasmuchasthoseof28minutesofhealthyaerobicexercise(有氧運動).Atthetheater,theresearchersmonitoredtheheartrateof12individuals4(watch)Dreamgirls.They5(find)thattheirheartbeatwasattherangeof50to70percentoftheirmaximumheartrateduringtheperformance.AccordingtotheBritishHeartFoundation,thisis6idealheartratetopromotecardiofitness.Dr.JosephDevlinatUCLsaidthisclearlyprovedthat"attendingaliveperformancepromotescardiovascularactivity.”Thisstudyiscoupledwithresearch7(do)forEncoreTickets.ItisaticketcompanyforLondontheatersandattractions.Thirty-threepercentoftheater-goerssurveyedsaidthefeelingtheliveexperiencegavethemwas8(enjoyable)partofgoingtothetheater.AccordingtoDevlin,thisisduetothefact9beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity(強度)oftheexperience.Thehighsandlowsofthetheaterperformanceallowformoodswings(T青緒波動),thusstimulatingtheheartandcausingheartrateactivity.Butit'snotyettime10(say)thatyoushouldn'talsobegoingtothegym.Thesetheatricalhighsonlyactasasupplement(補充)toexercise.Theycan'treplaceyourentirefitnessplan.【答案】1.as2.enjoying3.can4.watching5.found6.the7.done8.themostenjoyable9.that10.tosay【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，介紹了一項研究：去劇院看現(xiàn)場演出，對人們的心血管系統(tǒng)有好處。帶給心臟的好處和半小時有氧運動的效果一樣?！驹斀狻?.考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：然而，一項新的研究說明，晚上去劇院看演出對心臟的影響和半小時的運動(的效果)一樣。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：thesame…as…“和一樣”，結(jié)合句中anightinthetheatercanhavethesameeffectonyourheart可知，此處要用as。故填as。.考查非謂語動詞。句意：倫敦大學學院和蘭卡斯特大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，欣賞一場現(xiàn)場表演對你的心血管系統(tǒng)有好處。分析可知，(enjoy)alivetheaterperformance在句中為主語，表示一般性的動作，所以要用動名詞作主語，故填enjoying。.考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：(看現(xiàn)場演出)的好處和28分鐘的健康有氧訓練帶來的好處同樣多。結(jié)合句中asmuchas可知，此處是拿看現(xiàn)場的演出的有氧運動的好處作比照，所以此處表示推斷，can“可能會”表示推斷，故填can。.考查非謂語動詞。句意：在劇院里，研究人員監(jiān)測了12個看“追夢女郎”人的心率。分析可知，(watch)Dreamgirls為后置定語。修飾名詞12individuals,與名詞為主謂關(guān)系，所以此處要用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填watching。.考查時態(tài)。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在表演過程中，他們的心跳在最大心率的50%到70%之間?？瞻滋幵诰渲袨橹^語，結(jié)合句中thattheirheartbeatwas可知，此處為一般過去時，故填foundo.考查冠詞。句意：根據(jù)英國心臟基金會的說法，這是促進心臟健康的理想心率。分析可知,句中理想的心率指的就是前一句中attherangeof50to70percentoftheirmaximumheartrate,所以此處為特指，故填the。.考查非謂語動詞。句意：這項研究與EncoreTickets的研究結(jié)合在一起。短語：becoupledwith"與結(jié)合在一起“，research與do為動賓關(guān)系，因句中已有謂語，所以此處要用非謂語的過去分詞表被動，作后置定語，故填done。.考查形容詞最高級。句意：33%的被調(diào)查者表示，現(xiàn)場體驗帶給他們的感覺是去劇院最愉快的局部。根據(jù)下文beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity（強度）oftheexperience可知，此處指33%的被調(diào)查者談論看現(xiàn)場演出帶給他們的感覺，他們認為是最享受的，所以要用最高級。enjoyable"享受的”為多音節(jié)詞，其最高級為themostenjoyable,故填themostenjoyableo.考查同位語從句。句意:根據(jù)Devlin的說法，這是因為作為現(xiàn)場觀眾的一局部，增加了體驗的情感強度。分析可知，空白處及之后的內(nèi)容為對名詞fact的解釋作用，另因beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity（強度）oftheexperience句意完整，成分齊全，所以此處要用只起連接作用的hat來引導同位語從句。故填that。.考查固定句式。句意：但現(xiàn)在還不能說你不應該去健身房。固定句式：Itistimetodosth.意為“是該干某事的時候”，結(jié)合句中it'snotyettime,所以此處要用不定式。故填tosay。SectionB（1（F）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.rewardingB.inspiredC.regionalD.valuesE.sharedF.customG.achievingH.coexistI.culturallyJ.deeplyK.traditionalIntheworkplace,theremanydifferentculturesthat11—includingthecompanyculture,thelocalcultureofthebusinessandthenationalorregionalculturesofemployees.Thecultureoftheworkplacestartswiththecompany'smissionandcore12andhelpstheleadershipteammanagetheemployees.Itaffectsallmajoroperations,includingrecruitingemployees,providingemployeeswithcompensation（賠償金）andbenefitsand13employeesforgoodbehavior.Italsoinformsthewayanorganizationtrainsanddevelopsitsstaff,howitpromotesemployeesandanyworkplacetraditionsitfollows.Theworkenvironmentis14affectedbythecultureoftheorganization.Forexample,ifoneofthemainelementsoftheworkplacecultureisteamwork,employeeswillknowhowimportantitistohelponeanother.Theywillbelesscompetitivewitheachother,andwillinsteadfocusonsucceedingtogether.Suchaculturalfeaturecanenableteamstobehighlyproductiveandmotivated.Localcultureaffectsthewaypeoplebehaveintheworkplace.Forexample,ifitisainlocalculturetospendalotoftimeenjoyingthenaturallandscape,thenmanyemployeeswillplaceimportanceonthatactivityaswell.Employeescanuseelementsoflocalculturetoconnectwithandmotivatetheiremployees.Usingthisexampleofculturalbehavior,theworkplacecanofferoutdooractivitiesasprizesforbusinesstargets.Inaddition,havingcompanyfunctionsoutsideatthebeachoratalocalparkcanfurthermaketheemployeesengagedand17.Intoday'sglobaleconomy,it'scommonfbrworkplacestobemadeupofpeoplefromdifferentnationaland18cultures.Beingculturallysensitiveandawarehelpsemployeestocommunicateeffectivelywiththeirteammatesandworktoward19goals.IVsimportantforemployerstotakeculturaldiversityintoaccountwhenestablishingtheirworkplacepolicies.Teachemployeeshowtobe20sensitivetotheircolleaguesandcustomerswhohavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.【答案】11.H12.DTOC\o"1-5"\h\z13.A14.J15.F16.G17.B18.C19.E20.1【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了企業(yè)文化的重要性，包括對員工和企業(yè)本身的影響?！?1題詳解】考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意：在工作場所，有許多不同的文化共存一一包括公司文化、當?shù)仄髽I(yè)文化和員工的國家或地區(qū)文化。根據(jù)句意可知，句子陳述的是客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時,根據(jù)句中“manydifferentculturesv可知，應該是許多不同的文化“共存”，“coexist”意為“共存”，動詞詞性，符合句意。應選H項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：工作場所的文化始于公司的使命和核心價值觀，并幫助領(lǐng)導團隊管理員工。分析句子可知，“and”前的“mission”為名詞且“core”為形容詞,故空格處應用名詞,根據(jù)句意可知，工作場所的文化應該始于公司的使命和核心“價值觀”，“value”作“價值觀”講時，常用其復數(shù)形式“values”，名詞詞性。應選D項。【13題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：它影響所有主要業(yè)務，包括招聘員工、向員工提供賠償金和福利以及獎勵行為良好的員工。根據(jù)句中"forgoodbehavior"可知，應該是“獎勵”行為良好的員工，“reward”意為“獎勵”，動詞詞性，句中"including"為介詞，后接動名詞作賓語,“reward”的動名詞形式為“rewarding”。應選A項。【14題詳解】考查副詞。句意：工作環(huán)境深受組織文化的影響。分析句子可知，"affected"為動詞，前面應用副詞修飾，根據(jù)句意可知，工作環(huán)境應該是“深受”組織文化的影響，“deeply”意為“深深地”，副詞詞性，在句中作狀語，符合句意。應選J項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：例如，如果花大量時間欣賞自然景觀是當?shù)匚幕囊环N習俗，那么許多員工也會重視這項活動。根據(jù)空格前不定冠詞“a”可知，空格處應用名詞，根據(jù)句中“許多員工也會重視這項活動”可知，花大量時間欣賞自然景觀是當?shù)匚幕囊环N“習俗”，“custom”意為“習俗”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)空格前不定冠詞“a”可知，空格處應用其單數(shù)形式。應選F項。【16題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：利用這個文化行為的例子，工作場所可以提供戶外活動作為實現(xiàn)商業(yè)目標的獎品。根據(jù)句意可知，應該是“實現(xiàn)”目標，才會有獎品，“achieve”意為“實現(xiàn)”，動詞詞性，“for”為介詞，后接動名詞作賓語，“achieve”的動名詞形式為“achieving”。應選G項?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：止匕外，在海灘或當?shù)毓珗@舉行公司活動可以進一步使員工投入工作并激發(fā)員工的靈感。根據(jù)句意可知，在戶外舉行活動應該是為了激發(fā)員工的靈感，“inspire”意為“激勵，賦予靈感”，動詞詞性，句中涉及“make+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，"employees"與“inspire”之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故應用“inspire”的過去分詞“inspired”作賓語補足語。應選B項?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在當今的全球經(jīng)濟中，工作場所通常由來自不同國家和地區(qū)文化的人組成。分析句子可知，"cultures"為名詞，前面應用形容詞修飾，根據(jù)句意可知，應該是來自不同國家和“地區(qū)”文化的人，故空格處應用"regional",意為“地區(qū)的”，形容詞詞性，在句中作定語。應選C項。【19題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：具有文化敏感性和意識有助于員工與隊友有效溝通，并朝著共同目標努力。分析句子可知，“goals”為名詞，前面應用形容詞修飾，根據(jù)句意可知，員工應該是朝著“共同”目標努力，故空格處應用“shared”，意為“共享的，公用的"，形容詞詞性,在句中作定語。應選E項?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：教員工如何對具有不同文化背景的同事和客戶保持文化敏感性。分析句子可知，"sensitive"為形容詞，前面應用副詞修飾，根據(jù)句意可知，應該是保持“文化”敏感性，"culturally"意為“文化地”，副詞詞性，在句中作狀語，符合句意。應選I項。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（159）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNome,Alaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20lhofthatmonth,Dr.Welch21asickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious（傳染的）diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe22ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.23,theclosetsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown's24wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn'tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn'ttravelonthe25roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn'texistyet.26January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twentymoreweresick.Nome'stownofficialscameupwithaplan.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby27fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogsled（狗拉雪橇）drivers-knownas“mushers"一would28ittoNomeinarelay（接力）.TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.29hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon'sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto30afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemostdangerouspartofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould31,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsnowbloc