中央電大高級英語1語法知識點(diǎn)

高級英語（1）Unit1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：IusuallyonlycomehereonFridayevening.Evenjournalistsjoinclubs.與靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞（dareseemingterrified.Youseemterrified.

連用，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中，頻率副詞通常出現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞之前，但頻率副詞要放在助動(dòng)詞be和do，does，haveEg.Heisoftenlateforschool.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Mywifeisshoppingatthemoment.Everydaythisweekwe’recollectingmoney.談?wù)撟兓疢oreandmoremarketingpeoplearejoiningthesedays.Unit2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：WehavemadeademoCD!談?wù)撏瓿傻膭?dòng)作?？梢圆幻鞔_地說該動(dòng)作是什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的，但可以說它發(fā)生了多少次Wehavealreadyplayedmorethanthirtygigs.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：談?wù)撻_始于過去，現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或行為IhavebeenwritingsongssinceIwassixteen.談?wù)搶ΜF(xiàn)在有影響的過去行為，而且這種影響還可能繼續(xù)Ihavebeenwritingsongsallday-I’mexhausted.Since用來說明情況開始的時(shí)間For用來說明情況持續(xù)的時(shí)間Unit3一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)：表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Iranforwardandpushedthroughthecrowd.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Itwas10o’clock.Iwasjogging.IwasstayinginOhio.與一般過去時(shí)搭配使用，表示某事件正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候突然發(fā)生了另一事件IwasrunningwhenIsawsomepeople.過去完成時(shí)：表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作Theyweredoingitbecausetheyhadstolenastatue.用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。Theyspent45daysinjail.Hepannedtherobberyforseveralyears.Unit4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Must與haveto必須，不得不，表示必要性Imustgetupearlytomorrow.(必須)主觀上Ihavetogotofootballpractice.(不得不)義務(wù)，客觀上Musn’t禁止，不應(yīng)該Youmustn’ttakephotoshere.Should與oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該，表示責(zé)任或給出建議PerhapsIshouldfinishmyjobbeforeIquit.(責(zé)任)Yououghttotryonthoseshoesfirst.(建議)Can能夠，表示能力，過去式為couldItcangofrom0to100in5.28seconds!Can可以，表示可能性YoucanstilltakeitbacktotheshopCan還可以用來提出請求、想法或建議Canwetalkaboutourrelationship?Must通常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定句中。在疑問句中以及其他時(shí)態(tài)里，用havetoIhadtogetupearlythismorning.Can通常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，could通常用于過去時(shí)。其他時(shí)態(tài)或句式結(jié)構(gòu)里用beabletoI’veneverbeenabletounderstandmen.Unit5將來的表示法Will,won’t和might可以用來表示基于個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和看法的預(yù)測。Therewillbemillionsofdeaths.副詞certainly,definitely和probably用來表示不同的確信程度。Itprobablywon’twork.Might表示對某事不太確定Itmightwork.Begoingto用來表示基于可見證據(jù)的預(yù)測，某事確定要發(fā)生，如日程安排。Lookatthatmeteor!It’sgoingtohittheEarth.在肯定句和否定句里，副詞probably的位置有所不同，肯定句里放在will和主要?jiǎng)釉~之間。Itwillprobablywork.否定句里時(shí)，probably位于won’t之前。Itprobablywon’twork.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來談?wù)摷s會(huì)，會(huì)議、事務(wù)等既定安排，所說的事情一般來說很快即將發(fā)生，句中往往有具體的時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)。TheyarehavingagroupmeetinginRoom6.I’mmeetingmymotherforlunch.Begoingto可以用來談?wù)撚?jì)劃、打算、抱負(fù)等。I’mgoingtogoonadiet.I’mgoingtoworkforNASAwhenI’molder.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以用來談?wù)摃r(shí)間表上的日程進(jìn)度，表示進(jìn)場或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的事情。Theflightleavesat10a.m.Will可以用來表示說話時(shí)刻所做出的決定。I’llhavethecheesecake,please.Unit6條件句零條件句是對單純事實(shí)的描述。主句和從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ifheishere,hespendseightypercentofhistimeasleep.If+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。IfGavin’sathome,hespendseightypercentofhistimeasleep.第一條件句是真實(shí)條件句，表示將來有可能發(fā)生的事情。主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用將來時(shí)。IfIkeeptrainingher,shewilleventuallygivemeallofit.If+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，will+動(dòng)詞原形IfIkeeptrainingher,she’lleventuallygivemeallofit.第二條件句是非真實(shí)條件句，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)聿豢赡馨l(fā)生或發(fā)生可能性很小。Whatwouldourpetssayaboutusiftheyknewhowtotalk?If+一般過去時(shí)，would+動(dòng)詞原形Ifsheknewhowpointlessitis,perhapsshe’dstopdoingit.ifwhen/unless/asoonas/aslongas/providedthat等引起條件句。I,he,sheitbewerewas.IfIwereyou,I’dtakeyourdogtothevet’s.Unit7第三條件句第三條件句表示過去有可能發(fā)生，但并未發(fā)生的事情條件從句 結(jié)果從句過去完成時(shí)， would/could/might/should/have過去分詞IfIhadgonetoBaththatday,Imighthavebecomeaprofessionalartist.(butItookthewrongtrain)IwouldhaveleftschoolearlyifIhadn’tmether.(butsheencouragedmetogotocollege.)Iwish/Ifonly表示遺憾Iwish/ifonly一般過去時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在的遺憾，意思是如果 就好了Iwish/IfonlyIcouldhaveaquieteveningathome.(ItwouldbeniceifIcouldhaveaquietevening.=It’sapityIcan’thave. )DirectSpeechReportedSpeechIwish/Ifonly過去完成時(shí)可以表示過去的遺憾，意思是如果當(dāng)時(shí) DirectSpeechReportedSpeechIwish/IfonlyIhadn’tlefttheband.(ItwouldhavebeenniceifIhadn’tlefttheband=It’sapityI.)Unit8被動(dòng)形式當(dāng)動(dòng)作被施加的對象比施動(dòng)者更重要時(shí)，要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?？梢杂胋y來提及施動(dòng)者。用助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞來構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thelcehotelismadeoficeandsnow.Thisfive-starresortisbeingbuiltbelowthesea.Unit9間接引語現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)We’redoingitwrong.ItoldTedweweredoingitwrong.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)Thisnumberdoesn’tlookright.Isaidthatthatnumberdidn’tlookright.一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Ihadmyfirstlessonyesterday.Heexplainedthathehadhadhisfirstlessonthedaybefore.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Ihavebeenherefortenminutes.Heclaimedthathehadbeentherefortenminutes.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Ihadneverdrivenacarbefore.Headmittedthathehadneverdrivenacarbefore.CanCouldIcan’tgetupordown.Headdedthathecouldn’tgetupordown.WillWouldIwillcallbacklater.Hepromisedthathewouldcallbacklater.常見的引述動(dòng)詞有： add,admit,agree,claim,complain,explain,pointout,promise,protest,reply,say,tell,threaten等。疑問句和祈使句的間接引語一般疑問句的間接引語：if/that/whether+從句Haveyoudoneyourhomework?HeaskedmeifIhaddonemyhomework.Willyouteachtheclass?HeasekedmeifIwouldteachtheclass.CanIteachwhatIwant?IaskedhimifIcouldwhatIwanted.特殊疑問句的間接引語：特殊疑問詞+從句Whatareyoudoing?Whatareyoudoing?HeaskedmewhatIwasdoing.WhendidtheFrenchRevolutionbegin?He wanted to know when the FrenchRevolutionhadbegun.祈使句的間接引語：ask/say/tell+me/him...+(not)todoPleasedon’tmakesomuchnoise!Heaskedmenottomakesomuchnoise.Gototheboard!Hetoldmetogototheboard.Unit10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測Must/might/may/could/can’t+do，用來推測某事物是否存在或?qū)賹?shí)HemustcomefromNorway.Hemight/may/couldbeanillegalimmigrant.Hecan’tbeNorwegian.Must/might/could/can’t/couldn’t+havedone，用來推測某事物是否曾經(jīng)存在或發(fā)生過Hemusthavebeeninthesea.Hemight/may/couldhavelosthispassport.Hecan’t/couldn’thavelosthismemory.Must表示推測時(shí)，其否定形式是can’t,而不是musn’t.Unit11Havesometingdone當(dāng)我們安排別人為我們做什么事的時(shí)候，可以用短語havesomethingdone,即have+賓語+過去分詞。在句子中，要注意動(dòng)詞have的適當(dāng)形式。Everyweekwehavethegrasscut.I’mhavingthecarpetscleanedthismorning.Unit12間接疑問句間接疑問句口氣比較委婉，聽起來更有禮貌一些，一般用來：請求別人做某事/詢問更多信息等間接疑問句一般有下列特征：①陳述句語序；②一般疑問句由if/whether引導(dǎo)；③特殊疑問句由when,where,what,why等引導(dǎo)；ouIouounoIknow/I’dliketoknow/Areyousure/Cananyonetellme/Couldyoutellme/Wouldyoumindtellingme/Haveyouanyidea/Doyouremember?Alittle/abit/alittlebit用在形容詞前，有否定含義：It’sabitsilly.形容詞后有被修飾的名詞時(shí)不能用alittle/abit/alittlebit來修飾該形容詞。Thestoryisalittlebitboring.Unit13量詞，所有格Both,neither和either指兩個(gè)人或兩件事物。Both后接謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Neithereither既可以接謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以接單數(shù)形式。。GameAisgoodandGameBisgood.BothGameAandGameBaregood./Bothgamesaregood.Onlyonegameisthebest.EitherGameAorGameBisthebest.GameAisbadandGameBisbad.NeitherGameAnorGameBisgood.量詞直接置于名詞前，表示特定人群或事物，也可以用“量詞+of+the/my/your/his/etc.+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。Mostpeopleinmyclasslikehistoricalgames.Mostofthepeopleinmyclasslikehistoricalgames.代詞前必須使用“量詞+of”結(jié)構(gòu)。Mostofthemlikethesegames.所有格所有格’s（如人或動(dòng)物的名詞或名詞短語中。It’sthereferee’sdecisionthatcounts.WewereexhaustedafterlastWednesday’sgame.Of短語用于表現(xiàn)無生命事物的名詞的所有關(guān)系，也可以與end,top,front,middle等詞搭配使用。BrazilarethewinnersoftheWorldCup.Th