新人教版英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法課件

(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。學(xué)科網(wǎng)(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)23.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：35.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：48.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.學(xué)科網(wǎng)8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：學(xué)科網(wǎng)5被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):我們知道,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由be+done(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)構(gòu)成的

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主+am/is/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)主+was/were+done含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)主+willbe+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主+have/hasbeen+done過(guò)去完成時(shí)主+hadbeen+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主+am/is/arebeing+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主+was/werebeing+done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主+wouldbe+done說(shuō)明(1)done表示動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2)下劃線的詞為助動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):我們知道,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由be+done(動(dòng)詞610:動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)betodo----betobedonebegoingtodo---begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:Heistoreadanovel

AnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.10:動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)7(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(2)Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoDPracticeA(1)Thepolicefoundthatthe8(3)---______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold(4)Themathsproblem______amongthestudentssoon.A.isabouttobediscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.istodiscussD.isgoingtohavebeendiscussedAB學(xué)科網(wǎng)(3)---______thesportsmeet9(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)

2.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語(yǔ)(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題保留賓語(yǔ)10注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,如：

buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如：113.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)aughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof3.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看124.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：a,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.b,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+nTheychoseTomcaptain.→Tomwaschosencaptainc.動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+todo

Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

d,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor→hewasfoundlyingonthefloore,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+donewefoundallourseatsoccupied.→allourseatswerefoundoccupied.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to，Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.→Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.4.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把13（二）某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)？1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.這里的look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞，它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等?！狣oyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable.Theroses

smellsweet.Themedicinetastesbitter.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful

（二）某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)？1.Thepic142.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write,read,clean,sell,dry,wash,cook,wear等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。

SomesilkswashwellThenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫(xiě)字很流暢。Thepoemreadsfluently./ Theshoeswear

well.Thepapertears

easilyThiskindofclothdriedeasily對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動(dòng)句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動(dòng)句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被動(dòng)句)學(xué)科網(wǎng)2.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,bad153.want,need,require作“需要”解時(shí)及beworth,inneedof后接動(dòng)詞，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。Eg:1:Theflowerneeds/wants/requireswatering.Yourhairneeds/wants/requirescuttingThecomputerneeds/wants/requiresreqairing2:Thefilm/musicisworthlisteningto.3:Histeachingmethodisin

needofimproving3.want,need,require作“需要”解164.不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)且和句子的主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)：Thesentenceiseasytounderstand.Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith.TheboxisheavytoliftThepictureispleasanttolookatThenovelisinterestingtoread此類(lèi)形容詞：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.4.不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)且和句子的主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成175.不定式作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)，和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義：Shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein.Ihaveameetingtoattend.IhavealotofhomeworktodoShehasmanychildrentolookafterIgavehimacaketoeatIgavehimabooktoread5.不定式作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)，和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系18第一，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：takeplace,comeabout,breakout,belongto,consistof,addupto,comeintobeing,cometrue,turnout等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.誤：GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.第二，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.（三)下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句第一，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：takeplac19例如：

據(jù)說(shuō)…… Itissaid/thoughtthat…

據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)…… Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測(cè)…… Itissupposedthat…

希望…… Itishopedthat…

眾所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認(rèn)為…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議…… Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.（四）在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示例如：據(jù)說(shuō)…… Itissaid/thought20（五）英語(yǔ)中一些詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表主動(dòng)意義bedressedin,beseatedin/at/beside/nexttobeaddictedto,bedeterminedtobedevotedto,beabsorbedin,bedisappointedat,belostin,beengagedin/beoccupiedin,befacedwithEg:1.Sheisseatedonthesofa.2.Addictedtosurfingtheinternet,theboyoftenescapesfromclasses.3.Determinedtogiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.4.Disappointedatfailinginthemathexam,Kentawouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.5.Judithlayonthesofa,absorbedinherbook.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（五）英語(yǔ)中一些詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表主動(dòng)意義bedressed21（六）介詞in,on,under+名詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義常見(jiàn)的有：undercontrol,undertreatment,underrepair,underdiscussion,underconstruction,beyondbelief,beyondone’sreach,beyondone’scontrol,inprint,insight,onsale,onshow,ontrial,outofcontrol,outofsight,outofone’sreach,outoffashion,.Eg:1.Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed)2.Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)3.Theroadisunderrepair(isbeingrepaired)4.Todaysometreasuresareonshow(arebeingshown)inthemuseum.（六）介詞in,on,under+名詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義常見(jiàn)的有221.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen1.Thenewdictionariesarever233.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent3.Thewindowisdirty.247.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid7.Thepoliceman’sattentionw2510:Thewater___coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11:Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed10:Thewater___coolwhenIju2613.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned15.Thenewtypeofcellphone___betterifitisadvertisedonTV.A.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold13.Inaroomabovethestore,2716.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt17."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting18.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholding D.willhold學(xué)科網(wǎng)16.Thebridgewhich______la2819.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired20.Everypossiblemeans

,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried21.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. ----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken19.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecor2922.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned23.IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.----Thisnovel_____reading(byme)bydinnertimeA.willhavefinished.B.willhasbeenfinishedC.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished24.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean22.Hewascleaninghisroomw301.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen學(xué)科網(wǎng)1.Thenewdictionariesarever313.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent3.Thewindowisdirty.327.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid7.Thepoliceman’sattentionw3310:Thewater___coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11:Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed10:Thewater___coolwhenIjo3413.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned15.Thenewtypeofcellphone___betterifitisadvertisedonTV.A.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold13.Inaroomabovethestore,3516.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt17."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting18.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholding D.willhold學(xué)科網(wǎng)16.Thebridgewhich______la3619.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired20.Everypossiblemeans

,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried21.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. ----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken19.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecor3722.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned23.IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.----Thisnovel_____reading(byme)bydinnertimeA.willhavefinished.B.willhasbeenfinishedC.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished24.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean學(xué)科網(wǎng)學(xué)科網(wǎng)22.Hewascleaninghisroomw38(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。學(xué)科網(wǎng)(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)39被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)403.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：415.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：428.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.學(xué)科網(wǎng)8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：學(xué)科網(wǎng)43被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):我們知道,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由be+done(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)構(gòu)成的

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主+am/is/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)主+was/were+done含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)主+willbe+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主+have/hasbeen+done過(guò)去完成時(shí)主+hadbeen+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主+am/is/arebeing+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主+was/werebeing+done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主+wouldbe+done說(shuō)明(1)done表示動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2)下劃線的詞為助動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):我們知道,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由be+done(動(dòng)詞4410:動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)betodo----betobedonebegoingtodo---begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:Heistoreadanovel

AnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.10:動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)45(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(2)Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoDPracticeA(1)Thepolicefoundthatthe46(3)---______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold(4)Themathsproblem______amongthestudentssoon.A.isabouttobediscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.istodiscussD.isgoingtohavebeendiscussedAB學(xué)科網(wǎng)(3)---______thesportsmeet47(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)

2.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語(yǔ)(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題保留賓語(yǔ)48注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,如：

buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如：493.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)aughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof3.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看504.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：a,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.b,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+nTheychoseTomcaptain.→Tomwaschosencaptainc.動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+todo

Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

d,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor→hewasfoundlyingonthefloore,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+donewefoundallourseatsoccupied.→allourseatswerefoundoccupied.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to，Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.→Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.4.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把51（二）某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)？1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.這里的look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞，它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等?！狣oyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable.Theroses

smellsweet.Themedicinetastesbitter.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful

（二）某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)？1.Thepic522.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)