非謂語動詞公開課(課堂)課件

非謂語動詞不定式(todo）否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)過去分詞（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充當除謂語動詞以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有三種：Iwant

toreadabookwritten

bythewomanliving

there.謂語非謂語動詞1非謂語動詞不定式(todo）否定(notto

主語賓語定語表語補語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂語動詞功能表2主語賓語定語表語補語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂不定式在句子中可以充當哪些成分？1、作主語Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表語Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作賓語Iwanttobuy

adictionary.4、作定語Hehasachancetogoabroad.

5、作狀語

Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作補語Iaskustohelphim.3不定式在句子中可以充當哪些成分？1、作主語Torunis1、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.點頭表示同意。2、賓語Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindows?3、表語Hisjobissellingnewspapers.4、定語Thisisaswimmingpool.V-ing在句子當中可以充當哪些成分？5.補語Hekeptmewaitingsolong.6.狀語Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.41、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagr過去分詞在句子當中可以充當哪些成分？1、定語Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2、表語Theshopisclosed.3、補語Shefeltherarmtoughed.4、狀語

Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.5過去分詞在句子當中可以充當哪些成分？1、定語非謂語動詞的形式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式todo

tobedone進行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行式tohavebeendoing過去分詞done

現(xiàn)在分詞主動態(tài)

被動態(tài)一般式doing

beingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動詞不定式6非謂語動詞的形式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式todo動詞不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主動態(tài)）

Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被動態(tài))

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(進行式)

Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主動態(tài))

Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlong

ago.(完成式的被動態(tài))

We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進行式)7動詞不定式的形式7現(xiàn)在分詞的形式

Hesatinachair,

readinganovel.(一般式主動態(tài))Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被動態(tài))Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主動態(tài))Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被動態(tài))8現(xiàn)在分詞的形式8過去分詞的形式

Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.

(過去分詞被動態(tài))9過去分詞的形式9不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求不定式常用以下動詞后作賓語：agree,ask,attempt,begin,demand,desire,dislike,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,permit,refuse,manage,order,persuade,tend,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,wait,等。例如:Hemanagedtopasstheexam.

Hepromisedtobehereatnine.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.2.動名詞常用以下動詞后作賓語:admit,avoidcan’thelp,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,mind,practice,suggest,lookforwardto,

beusedtodoing,succeedin,feellike,stickto,

etc.

例如：

Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.

Heavoidedansweringmyquestiondefinitely.

Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.10不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別10不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動作,Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作,

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作.Thebuildingbuiltisourlibrary.11不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別11不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．(目的Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．(結(jié)果)

Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,主動或現(xiàn)在Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴隨)Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.過去分詞作狀語一般表示被動或完成Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.

12不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別12不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別有些使役動詞及感官動詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等

動詞不定式只說明賓語的一個動作,賓語與動詞不定式是主動關(guān)系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動作正在進行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動關(guān)系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動關(guān)系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.13不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別13注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別

1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）

2）stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事

3）remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)

4)regrettodo對要做的事遺憾

regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔

5）trytodo努力、企圖做某事

trydoing試驗、試一試某種辦法

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味著

7）goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）

8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）

proposingdoing建議（做某事）

14注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別12.不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語

Ihavesomethingtodotonight.Hestillhasalotofhomeworktofinish.

3.疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

(主語)

Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．

(表語)

152.不定代詞something,nothing,litt

非謂語動詞中的句型

1）Doing...+v.

Readingisanart.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。

2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。3)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth

做某事沒用

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．

16非謂語動詞中的句型164)go+Ving示“從事…”之意

I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露營。

I’llgoshopping．我去商店。

Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。

5)在want,need,require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)6)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.174)go+Ving示“從事…”之意17不定式

NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingD.expectsB該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動詞后可以跟一個疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用解析18不定式NMET2000第19題I’veworkw[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式的作用解析19[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurpose[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式

該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現(xiàn)”的意思。解析不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)20[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove[例4]NMET2002第Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B不定式的語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾的詞的邏輯關(guān)系,被動關(guān)系用被動.解析21[例4]NMET2002第Havingatrip不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。

在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補。解析不定式的否定形式22不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatie過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.解析過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語的用法。23過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題___過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。所以A是正確的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析24過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17The過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.解析25過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題CleV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed26V.-ing形式[例]NMET1998Europea過去分詞4.作補語該題考查過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。theplan與carryout的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。seesth.done這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22題Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析27過去分詞4.作補語該題考查過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。the歷年高考題1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．kept

B．tobekept

C．keeping

D．beingkept

2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayed

B．toplayC．tobeplayed

D．tobeplayingADAB28歷年高考題1.Friendshipislikem5.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding295.Howaboutthetwoofus___10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing3010.Themissingboyswerel15.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading3115.Shecan’thelp____th5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend鞏固練習(xí)CDABAD325.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband1._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended____theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.workingNon-infinitive331._____isagoodofexercisef7.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest8.Doyouconsider___anygoodattemptingmanyscientificexperiments?A.thereB.itC.thisD.that9.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething________.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking10.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed11．Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverrive12.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow13.Believeitornot,hewasseen______upstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.go347.Shereachedthetopoftheh14.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied16.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneeded B.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedof D.oneneedsalotofpractice17._________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived18.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking19.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned3514.Itwassocoldthattheyke非謂語動詞不定式(todo）否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)過去分詞（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充當除謂語動詞以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有三種：Iwant

toreadabookwritten

bythewomanliving

there.謂語非謂語動詞36非謂語動詞不定式(todo）否定(notto

主語賓語定語表語補語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂語動詞功能表37主語賓語定語表語補語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂不定式在句子中可以充當哪些成分？1、作主語Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表語Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作賓語Iwanttobuy

adictionary.4、作定語Hehasachancetogoabroad.

5、作狀語

Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作補語Iaskustohelphim.38不定式在句子中可以充當哪些成分？1、作主語Torunis1、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.點頭表示同意。2、賓語Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindows?3、表語Hisjobissellingnewspapers.4、定語Thisisaswimmingpool.V-ing在句子當中可以充當哪些成分？5.補語Hekeptmewaitingsolong.6.狀語Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.391、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagr過去分詞在句子當中可以充當哪些成分？1、定語Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2、表語Theshopisclosed.3、補語Shefeltherarmtoughed.4、狀語

Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.40過去分詞在句子當中可以充當哪些成分？1、定語非謂語動詞的形式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式todo

tobedone進行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行式tohavebeendoing過去分詞done

現(xiàn)在分詞主動態(tài)

被動態(tài)一般式doing

beingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動詞不定式41非謂語動詞的形式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式todo動詞不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主動態(tài)）

Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被動態(tài))

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(進行式)

Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主動態(tài))

Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlong

ago.(完成式的被動態(tài))

We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進行式)42動詞不定式的形式7現(xiàn)在分詞的形式

Hesatinachair,

readinganovel.(一般式主動態(tài))Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被動態(tài))Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主動態(tài))Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被動態(tài))43現(xiàn)在分詞的形式8過去分詞的形式

Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.

(過去分詞被動態(tài))44過去分詞的形式9不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求不定式常用以下動詞后作賓語：agree,ask,attempt,begin,demand,desire,dislike,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,permit,refuse,manage,order,persuade,tend,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,wait,等。例如:Hemanagedtopasstheexam.

Hepromisedtobehereatnine.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.2.動名詞常用以下動詞后作賓語:admit,avoidcan’thelp,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,mind,practice,suggest,lookforwardto,

beusedtodoing,succeedin,feellike,stickto,

etc.

例如：

Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.

Heavoidedansweringmyquestiondefinitely.

Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.45不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別10不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動作,Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作,

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作.Thebuildingbuiltisourlibrary.46不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別11不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．(目的Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．(結(jié)果)

Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,主動或現(xiàn)在Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴隨)Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.過去分詞作狀語一般表示被動或完成Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.

47不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別12不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別有些使役動詞及感官動詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等

動詞不定式只說明賓語的一個動作,賓語與動詞不定式是主動關(guān)系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動作正在進行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動關(guān)系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動關(guān)系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.48不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別13注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別

1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）

2）stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事

3）remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)

4)regrettodo對要做的事遺憾

regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔

5）trytodo努力、企圖做某事

trydoing試驗、試一試某種辦法

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味著

7）goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）

8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）

proposingdoing建議（做某事）

49注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別12.不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語

Ihavesomethingtodotonight.Hestillhasalotofhomeworktofinish.

3.疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

(主語)

Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．

(表語)

502.不定代詞something,nothing,litt

非謂語動詞中的句型

1）Doing...+v.

Readingisanart.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。

2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。3)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth

做某事沒用

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．

51非謂語動詞中的句型164)go+Ving示“從事…”之意

I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露營。

I’llgoshopping．我去商店。

Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。

5)在want,need,require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)6)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.524)go+Ving示“從事…”之意17不定式

NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingD.expectsB該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動詞后可以跟一個疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用解析53不定式NMET2000第19題I’veworkw[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式的作用解析54[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurpose[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式

該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現(xiàn)”的意思。解析不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)55[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove[例4]NMET2002第Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B不定式的語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾的詞的邏輯關(guān)系,被動關(guān)系用被動.解析56[例4]NMET2002第Havingatrip不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。

在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補。解析不定式的否定形式57不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatie過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.解析過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語的用法。58過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題___過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。所以A是正確的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析59過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17The過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌opaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.解析60過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題CleV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed61V.-in